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  • Bernstein-Prilivnie Elektrostancii

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    Aleksandar Petkovic
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    Kniga o prilivnih GES

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    Bernstein-prilivnie Elektrostancii

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    Kniga o prilivnih GES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    414 views149 pages

    Bernstein-Prilivnie Elektrostancii

    Uploaded by

    Aleksandar Petkovic
    Kniga o prilivnih GES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    rpaMMr{poBaHHfl HeT TaKOTO yHHBep- tlacro npn upoBeAeHHHpor(HMHrilx cr{Mupytoqero no.rruHoMa or suaqeHnri
    KOrO Bbrpa)KeHl/.fl.
    caJrbHoro, xoropuri 6H so Bcex cryqarx pacqeroB Hc[oJrb3yerca Kpurepr.rfi rtlax- ucxo4Hof, xapar(TepucrnKn B y3Jrax an-
    Afls asoAas OBM 3rH xapaKrepac- npoKcHMarlr.rH.
    AaBan Hauryqtuue peyJrbrarbl. !,ln pe- cHMyMa orAarrn nAC, T. e. MaKcHMyMa THKH Aorrxnbr 6ur,r npe4aipure.rrbHo
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    nu nolpo6Ho,KaKHexapaK-
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    sHepreTHqecKHX fI3C s Haa- Hocrb aHeprHH, auAauHofi B cerb B
    TepHCTHKHHcnqrrb3yroTcqnpH pac-
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    Hbre uo4uQuxaquu MeroAa AHHaMHqe- cern B HacocHbrxpexuMax 144,45, ll2, P a c x o A H a f l x a p a K T e -
    ws 144, ll2, 2021 H annpoxcuMauHc pncrHKa pac-
    cKoro nporpalrrMupoBalP.ufl, paSpa6o- 192, 202, 2621. Kparepnfi MaKcr{MyMa arperara.
    TaHHoro Ee;l.nuaHoru. Sror MeroA npu- xoAnafl xaparrepncrfiKa arperara I-IOC
    orAaqu B ocnoBe csoefi npeAnoJraraer,
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    Mocrb MorrtHocru arpelqlq
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    nponycxaeuorouepesHeio p acxoaEQ;t
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    3HepfHHHe3aBHCHMO OT qaca CyTOKH pe- y3Jrax an[poKcHMa[HH. 3Haqenus
    ? TepHcTHKa annpoKcHMHpyeTc, no.[uHo_
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    DEllrt/a^l A n-- uufi cuereMbt BbrreeHfler oAHo H To x<e 3aAaHHbgxe ra6*,iiiqe, BbiriiicJ-ifiioTefiRV-
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    Hau6o.neeo6uuru KpHrepHeMolru- pax(eHHn. AonycxaernJraBHHft, 6€ H3MeHeHHfl Ha_
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    eTcs MHHHMyM3aBHCTIIIHXOT ee pe)rffi- orAaqn sas6o.nee npocTbr B BbIqHcJrH- pHcrHK, flBJrrloulnxcn [o:y s llT x pa6ore n OH (n or Ot rc
    Ma cyMMapHbrx H3Aepx(eKno sHepnocH- eyHxunefi oA- lltl), TO Afls annpoKcHMauHH pacxoA-
    TeJrbHoMorHoueHHH. l-Ioerouy B Tex noft n_epenreHnofi.IIpn iri,q.rn" 3rHM
    cTeMe, cocTosrrlHx H3 H3AepxeK nO pac-
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    52
    53
    pexHMoBI-lT n OH, a 4pyroft &rfl pe- (p u c. 6.1):auH uqorpanurteH us
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    "-uorto*"o.tn
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    //91L".*; MaKcHMaJrrHnfiHanop, npH
    napaMerpoBnpoeKTupyeuofiI-l3C n ua- (rnHur 9-8-10) u rrtrttf, MaKcaMiurb- He (ypoaeHu MeprBoro o6reua) zymo.
    KoTopoMAonycKaercnpa6ota arperara
    TeMaruqecxofiuoAe.nu Moxer 6urr npe- Hofi MoulnocrH ryp6nuu (ruHur 8---5). 3asHcnuocrr S (z) fle,rflercr rono-
    B pex(HMex(MocToronpqlycKa BoAHqe- rpaQn'recxofixapaKTepucruxofiH on-
    AycMorpeH aBToMarH,tecxHf,flepecqer SrnrnHuu annpoKcnMHpyrorcfl Kycoq-
    pe4_ ryp6nHHufi rpaKr B npflMoM
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    AaHHofiB HcxoAHEilx onpeAeJreHr{fl MaKcHMa[bHoro pacxoAa n3c B
    pa6orrr MoAeJrbHoroarperara 3aAaercs
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    B Aaausefiueu 6yaeu ycJroBHoHa- nyqeH qep€ arperar npn Hanope fl., Tapxe MHHHMa.rrbHo 4onycuuufi pac- cnMocrbo6HtrHo3a,qaercgg ra6flIrqnol,l
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    Hbrx, uoAearuoft xapaKTepucruxoft Aaercfl 3agHcaMocrbro Q"*n." W-) p o T e x H H _ q _ e c Kx H coop y- 6.4. PEXHMHbIE OTPAHHI{EHHN
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    HoBJreHHoro na fI9C, perr(HMxoropoft Jlunug MaKcuMaJrunoftMorrlHocrr{Hc- 3arBopax. Atts AoHHoroBoAonponycK- l. VponeHb BoAbr s 6acceftHe z He
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    a pacxoAHyp xapaKTepHcrHKy sToroar- MHHHMiuIbHoro HaIIopa flr"o.r., npH Aa or Haropa Qo." (ff). }ra gasucu- ypoauefi
    perara - pacxo4Hori xapaKTepHcru- KoropoM MoAeJrbHEilftarperar Mor(er re- Mocrb Moxer 6utr 3aAaHa s 3BM xax
    zvmo(z(Zxny. (6.3)
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    AerrbHoMyH HaryplroMy arperarau.,[.na Moxer norpe6onarbcfl 3anperurb pa6o- BOAOCJTHBa, XapaKTepHcTHKa rrponycK- Moxer 6nrs 6onrue HeKoroporo MaK-
    HarypHoro arperara HHAeKc eHr 6yAer ry ryp6unH B 3oue 3a JrHHHefi uaxcn- Hoft cnoco6nocrn 3aAaerctr 3aBHcHMo- CHMaJIbHOTO AnC AaHHOTOHanopa 3Ha-
    ua.nrHoft MoIIlHocrH. B arou cnyqae Arfl cTbro ero pacxoAa or Hanopa H oTMeTKH qEHHfl
    HHorAa ofiycKarbcs. Cnoco6 nolyqeHHn
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    ""*"
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    xapaKTePHcTHKH MOAe.rrbHOrcarperaTa cc: MuHuuaaunufiHanop, npu KoropoM XapaxrcpucrnKg BoAonpo[ycKHbrx or- nponycKa- B erou cnyqae pacxoA BoAbr
    B HaTypHyro MoxHo yqecrb nonpaBKHHa AonycKaercflero pa6ora n ryp6nnnux aepcrufi Mn Aeftcmyoutnx ngc Mo- qepe3 arperaT orpaHHqeH MaKct{MiLrrb-
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    nponyrueH rrep€ Hero npH AaHHOMHa-
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    5. Ans HacocHblxpexHMoB cyqecr- AnQQepeHIIHaJIbHbIe ypaBHeHHr B
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    Byer MaKcHMaJIbHasBbtcora noAaqH H rqercff rpe6oaaHne rapaHTnpoBaHHoro qecxoft MoAsrrH pa6oru flOC npHHrlH-
    rny6nna orKaqKH yqacrufl B - noKpbrrun nHKa rpaeuxa Qyxxquql*{n (yponuH, cKopocrH Ter{e-
    nHaJIbHo BaxHbrM rBflffercq nonpoc o6 Hnr), 3aBHctu{HMHor rpex He3aBHcH-
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    | //1"X"| (n pexnr*rellH); I
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    I crpaHcrBeHHbtexoop4nHaru) ;
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    6. CyruecrBylor raK)Ke MaKcHMaJIbHbIe Hocrb, norpefutaeMaq B Hacocnbrx pe- 4aHHofi anpuopn. OAHaro ecJru orce- H3BoAHbrx c Heu3BecrHbrMH QyHxquqMH,
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    HeHHR onruMaJtbHocra (8.4) He H3Me- MaKcHMafluHofiorAarrn, npHBoAHTK cy- er. qro y.nerrHufi eec [Iff B 3Heprocnc_
    HHTCS,ecflH ero pa3AeJHTb Hh Uaxcu- uecTBeHHOMy yMeHbr.ueHHrc 3HepnHH TeMe qaule Bceno oKa3brBaercgHe6ont-
    MaIbHoe 3a nepHoAT sHaqeHHe 0THOCH_ Herro, orAasaeMoft B gneprocHcreMy. ruHM. Cre,uosareflbHo, g./rrtnHreM H3Me-
    76 HeHHRpex(HMapa6orr,r II3C Ha pex(HM

    77
    pa6orbt ocraJrbHbrx sreKTpocTaHIlHft Il3C AonxHa rexepHpoBaTb
    3HeprocHcTeMH. a cJteAoBaTeJIbHo. 3aAanuyro NoToporo zi r. Cuauaaa Mox(Ho noro- HOCTbreHepHpoBaTbTy xe caMyrc MOU{-
    H Ha nHKoBvl{) MoInHrlrrl Fl ua-trn'
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    Moxer pa6oraru B oAHoMH3 AByx TyD- vBeJIHqHBara zi ,
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    l-lepeft4errl K nocrpoeHHro BepxHefi


    AeTcfl xoAoM Ha3aAor p-ro Ao l-ro tH- nycrHuuft Anfl pexuua flT. cnpaBeAJtn_
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    7tt
    79
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    KoBoro nept{oAa 6acceftH flSC cpa6aru- HHxHsq .rHrrufffIT cyurecrByer ror. Hofi Anfl Tl; sareM 3a nepuoA Tu nolro- pexHMoB fIT n;rH OT. 3ro o3naqaer, qro
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    AaIrHofi MouIHocrH Nn"*;, To IIpH 6o"ns- JrHHHrrIIT crpourcfl nocJre nocrpoeHHfl OT rrrourHocrb He Hr,rxe saAanHofi Ans UHH MOXeT HaXOAHTbCfl TO.TIbKOOAHHH3
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    H ti u, ocyulecr&nseMoM f3C, Bcfl fOC; gOS,7, s
    crH Ha KoMneHcnpyrouretr rVnac:f (t) H pac'{erHororpaeura
    3Heprufl IISC npnnao BHAaercfl B oHepro- - rrHcJIo yrtHTHBaeMbrxAHert B roAv
    I'3C: BbrAaqHsHeprHH KOMnneKCa B 3HeprocHc-
    , - tHeprrr_ fl9C, ncnolb3yeMar o6patnuunR ar- cucreMy. flonesnaq nupa6cnra fl3C, H HCACJIC.
    peraraMx f3C aas saxarrKlr toaui 2 - gueprnr, Bbl- nonyqaeMar 3Hepnocucreuofi H yrtHTbr- ,[,n n yc.nosnli_HeAenbHoroperyJrgpo- TgMy Anfl paarrnqHbrx sHa,reunri yqacrnfl
    pa6arusaenar fOC 3a cqer cpa6orxn sakacannofi N*, onpeAeJrflrorcfl nupa6orxa [IOC,
    soAu: 3 - exeprur fI3C, nprno Hcnorb3yeuafl B BaeMaff B pacrrerax ee eQSeKTHBHocrH, BaHHqorAaqu n3C (g.B) npuHurrlier BHA
    3{eproclcreMe 3a cqer pa3npy3KH fOC; 4 - sxeprnc npeo6paayeMar Ha fA3C H Bo3MoxHaR
    I3C, noayvaeMas sa ctter Bo,q,bt,cgxoxouaexnoil B COCTABTflET
    qacu p_a3rpysxn f3C npx nprrof, Bbr,qaqeMorr1no- Mn BHAaqH B CHCTeMynO 3aAaHHOMy
    -f Snec-3".r-3".r,
    crn tr3C B gaeproctrcrerry; - gneprnfl IgC, no-
    Jrl laeuafl na co6ctnexnolr croKe; - pa6ora
    Snor' :3nec->69F3[' (9.2) /Vft* *uo I rpaQnxy 3sbrn, H aupa6orxa IAOC,
    l3C na co6crsenHox croKe: - t ' ueo6xoAr.rtvranMfl AononneHHff orAarra
    [JreKca IISC n I3C; /V', N", 19"' -naipygxa F3C, rAe 9nec - roAoBaq nupa6otra 3Hep- gnec.
    paBnar MouIHocrH ort<a.q,aeMororaxra fl9C flSC no oroMy x(e rpa$nry
    rHH neHeparopaMz FISC; XAaFS - (e.3a) Ha easHcurrlocrefi BHAagnec:g (il*)
    cyMManorepb 9HeprHH B rHHHqx 3JIeKT- H 9aur:V (/y*) onpeAeJrrercs roqKa Hx
    r{ BbrAaercr s Han6oree HanprxeHHHir ponepeAarrr H Ha I-3C Hs-sa ocyqecrB- a Ata yclonufi cyroqHoropery/rHpoBa- nepeceqeHrs,Ha puc.9.3, Koropas Aaef,
    nepHoAroAa. Tarofi Br{ApenynrpoBa- JreHHfl KOMneHCHpyrOrqeroperynHpoBa- Hltfl
    MoulHoerb,KoMnJeKca nAC-fA3C
    HHfl BO3MOXeH, KOrAa 'OTAarran3c HHfl, a TaK)r(e pacxoA gHeprHH Ha cofuf- 3aAaHHOrO-
    .qns
    MeHbIIIe, rIeM y KoMneHCH-
    Sngc-9*.r-3".n -rpaQnxa pa6oru Ha sHepfo-
    cyqecTBeHHo
    pytoqeft f3C,
    BeHHHe HyxAbr H HacocHblfi pexuM Nft5t'"" (e.36) cucreMy (il").
    a nocneAHflR HMeer BoAo- n3C. Ha Hacocuuft pexnM pacxoAyer- Xpouonornqecrnfi rpaQnx trfnec :
    xpaHHnHute
    6olruoft auecruuocafi.Ant cfl Ao 20 o/o aupa6orxu fI3C, Ho yBeJtH- : f (t) Aon)KeH uMerb AJrHreJrbnocrb
    rAe B qHcJrHTeJIe
    - Bbrpa6orKa,HMeK)- cooTBercTeypulylo sHAy KoMneHcHpyro-
    fDC neaocraroqHo. rrpeAonpeAe- cs 6onrure. Hanpuuep, ua flSC Panc ural pacqerHyro o6ecneqeHHocTb qero peryJrHpoBaHHs, KOTOpOeMOX(eT
    p.
    JIflET HEO6XOAHMOCTb HCNOJIb3OBAHH'. yBerrHqeHHeBHpafurKH Aocruraq 30 o/o 'flp" qacrHqHoM
    KoM. BbrnorHrrr I'A3C, a uMeHHo29 cyr npu
    oHeprHHn3C B Macrura6axaHeproo6r- ( c u . St 5 . 5 ) . neHcHpYrouleu peryilH- Mex(cH3HrHfiHoM,7 cy, npu HeAeJrbHoM
    eAHHeHHfi, OXBaTHBaTOUIHX6O.nrrUnepe- MottlHocru, nonyqaeMaq 3a cqer p o B a H il u Bbrpa6orKa eHeprHH flSC u I cyr npu cyroqHoM perynnpoBannn.
    rHoHb[,B Koropbrx BMecrec n3c 6ylyr fl3c, npu HcnoJrb:loaanHnee 3nepnuu AgrrHTcfl Ha BbrAaBaeMyroHe[ocpeAcTBeH-
    nqfrrrtqrr- rrrrrlrrra I'QC FIn r:arannilr ?rrrF.l
    t(ri[DnlJ D Palj\r.l'tlt Ann D ]-:aLr,DLrn wrv HO B 3HeprocHcTeMy H BbrAaBaeMyroqe-
    flBHrcfl pafora MeseHcrofi n3C B 06r- cyrorrHoro rpaQuxa Harpy3KH sHePrO- qux.lr HacocHoro aKKyMynHpoBaHHs.
    eAHHeHHHeHeprocHcTeMeBponeftcKofi P_e3
    cHcreMbrH npH ocyqecTBJIeHHHMexCH- Xors sneprocucreMa
    nonyqnr or ngc
    qacTHcTpaHbrc noAKJIroqeHHeM K HeMy gHnufi
    Horo perynHpoB:lHHf, MeHburyro
    nupa6cnxy, uouluocrHofi
    f3C, pa6orarorrlux rra BoAoroKaxpeq- eQQexr Mo)Ker oKa3arbcff 6oature, ueu
    3rr"a-F"."-69".,
    Hofi cl{creuu Ennces. A'NEK. CEg _
    lY EM X npH noJrHoM KoMneHcHpyroqe_MDervM-
    lipuHqun coBMecrHoiipa6oru IISC n r liL
    365 pbaaHnn.Pacqer^totlir6;"oro-rq$.*-
    [3C uoxHo npocneAurbHa cxeMe,npu-
    neAeHnofiHa pHc. 9.1. CxertraperynH- (e.3) Ta B STOMCnyqae npo8oAr{Tcnno cxo-
    poBaHHff,KorAa n3c pafuraer B t-\a- " + i-uttgt, x(HMc (9.3) sanncnMocrrM.
    coBofi3oHecyrorrHoro rpaQHKaHarpy3- rAe L?s.s, &?8.r, - coorBercrBenno - flpu orpeAeJreHHH cyMMapnoroeS-
    pacxoA3HeprHHHa ctrrBeHHbre HPI(AH Qexra nOC no BbrpafurKe eHeprHH
    KH fPC-c nonnofi ocranoBKofteb s su- AoJrx(eH 6urr yqren TaKxe pacxoA
    xoAHbreAHH (qacrnqfloe KoMneHclrpyto- tl3C n norepn 3HeprHHB .flHnuflxsJIeKT' oHeprHH Ha uacocnufi pex(HM hSC.
    Pnc. 9.3. OnpeAeaenne MorrlHocrnrV* xoun-
    aexca flSC-l'AgC
    90
    9l
    9.3.PASOTAN3C HA NOTPE6I4IEN'- Hofi uarpy3KH, Korop,qfl, no npeABapH-
    HHfl B nHK, - npH pa6ore nSccoBMecT- PETYN'TOPA TenbHbrMAaHHbIM, AOnX(Ha COCTaBJIflTb
    fl.MBr
    Ho c i-3C HJIH [-A3C. lioc.neAHqfl qacrb He MeHee2O o/oMaKcHMaJrsHofi sHepre-
    no3BoJrfleT nonyqnTb Aono.rlHHTeJIbHyto
    I{HxaHuuan npHJtHBHas sHeprHn rHqecxofi Harpy3KH.
    /Vxr BbrrecHfleMyrc MoulHocrb fI3C n nnxe
    Moxer 6uIrr eQQexrunuo HcnoJrb3oBa- .II,pyroe HanpaBJreHHe Hcro.trb3oBa-
    Nxz ffn"ff#on, Koropyn c,reAyer Ao6aBHTb Ha H c noMolrlbto norpe6urutq-perynr- HHf AHCKpeTHOTO peXHMa npOH3BOACTBa
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    K MOTTIHOCTH, HenOCpeACTBeHHO yqacT- ropa. A.rrs ororo seo6xgAnu no46op sreKTpooHepruH na fl3C cBfl3aHo c Bbr-
    Byloqefi B nHKe ryaSHKa /tfft$c. npoH3BoAcrB, cnoco6sutx pa6oraru B pauIHBaHHeMosouefi (n qacrHocrH,
    Tor.qa MorrrHocrnofi aQ$err /VfiJ|, npepbrBHcToM pexHMe U npoH3BoAcr- orypuoB H nortaaAopos) B3aKpbrTolr
    nonyrlaeMbrfi sHeprocHcr€Mofi or n3C, nesHurft npo[ecc Koropbtx JIerKo roAAa- rp yHre.
    P n c . 9 . 4 . C x e n a o n p e A e n e H H n3 H a 9 e H H fSi s u a COCTABJTflET ercrr aBToMarH3aut,tH. Tpe6oeauua K B KaqecrBe norpe6r.lrern gHeprHH
    3rr"a KoMnJIeKca n3C-fAOC TaKHMnpot!3BoAcrBaMc He6oluurHMrIHc- n3C Moryr paccMarpHBarbcfl Hacoc-
    " _ HH3KAfl
    ,ryfi"Ji: il?i5c* ivg;5;r'". (9.5) JIOM qACOB HCNOJIb3OBAHVfl Hbre craHllHH B cHcTeMe nepepacnpeAe-
    TpyAoeMKocrb, MHHHMaJlbHafl Ka nHTaro- JICHHfl CTOKA.
    Cxeva onpeAeneHur 9"rn u 9nsc eMKOCTb H BO3MOX(HOCTbCKJIaAHpOBa- H-peryJrflTopbrruoryr eS -
    florpe6r-rreJI
    Mfl CJryqafl MexcH3Hrur?Horopery- BosltoxHo raKx(e ocyqecrBuTb yqa- HHf npoAYKuHH. QexrunHo ucnoJrb3oBarb sHepruroflSC
    n H poB aHHf l . 9 .4 )n p u l f* r:
    { pHc crne fl3c B nHKoBofi qacrH npaQuKa .[,nn cHuxeHHfl 3arpar no nepeAaqe s 6oruuuHcrBecryqaeB npn ee pa6ore
    npH ee coBMecrHofi pa6ore roJrbKo c aJreKTpogHepFHH ueJlecoo6pa3Ho pa3- e o6re4unessofioHeprocucreMe.
    (9 t * 3r * 3r * 3q + 9 J 0 ,7 :3 ,n n ri TAC, KorAa c noMorrlbro HacocHoro pe- MeureHueraKoro norpe6r.ttenr o pafioue
    xHMa (o'r. pHc. 4.4) n3C norJlorqaer nOC. HeMa.[osax(HbIMrBlflercfl TaKxe 9.4. METOAhKA3KOHOMh'4ECKhX
    3r* 3r:3nscr. (e.4) aHeprHroTOC B qacEilMdJrofiHarpy3KH, yBepeHHocrb B ycrofrvunoM cnpoce Ha o60cHo8AHhlz
    noAKaquBan (nnu orKaqnBafl) ypoeeHr noryqaeMylo npoAyKuHrc. 3rrlu ycno-
    AsalorHqso onpeAenffIorcfl 3Harle- 6accefiHa N nocJre nepHoAa o)KHAaHHn BHflM yAOBJIerBOpflK)r npoH3BoAcrBo 3HeproexoHoMHqecKr.rep acqeru lI3C
    ttur 3"'o z H 3""rns c yqeroM I-A3C s BO3BpaUaeTee B BHAeMOUIHOCTH B qacbl aMMHaKaH BOAOpOAa, )r(eJITOTO
    QoCQOpa, BKJrroqaror ABe craAHH - eu6op oc-
    3oHax 8-10. nHK. Peueune erofi 3aAaqu AaHo s rn.8. xap6n4a KaJIbuHfl. HAea.nrHbIMHAnr HoBHbrx napaMerpoB H ouenKy eQ-
    flpH cyrorrHoM perynHpoBaHHH florepn npn pa6ore fl3C B nHKe rpa- IISC norpe6ure.rqt*,IH-peryJltropaMns B- $exrnnnocru fI3C xar o6reKra crpou-
    Ssbrg.cyr: XSsbrs; u Sngc"yr: Xgngc i i Suxa Moryr 6urr cHH)KeHbr,ecJrn nepe- JlflroTcq TaKx(e npou3BoAcrBo renJla H TeJrbcrBa.flpn erou, KaK yKa3aHo BbI-
    npH HeAeJrbHoM perynl,IpoBaHuu 3ro BoAHrb tlSC e pexuM paforbr B nHKe nepeKar{Ka BoAbr. Heo6xoAuMocrb o6ec- ue, AoJI)r(Hbr6urs yqreHbl Qaxtopu,
    cyMMHpoBaHHeBeAercf za 7 cyr, a npH rpaQlrxa Harpy3KH To.tIbKo B sau6onee neqeHufl B onpeAeJIeHHoMo6leve He- Ha oKoHoMnxy I-19C, H ycJlo-
    B,'ruffrorrlHe
    MexcH3nrufisot't - 3a 29 cyr. Hanpflx(eHHble Anff 9HeprocHcTeMH ne- npepbrBHoro greKTpocHa6xeuus lto6o- BHf [rcnoJlb3oBaHHflee SHeprerHqecKo-
    Tax xax B 3arparbr |AOC BxoAHr pHoAbI. flpn eroM ofuneqHBaercfl Ha- ro gHeproeMKofo npouecca He no3BoJlfl- ro eQ$exra B aHeprocncreMe.
    croHMocru 6acceftHoB, To A.tlfl KoMnJIeK- n6oruuree yqacrHe KoMnfleKca c fISC s er noJrHocrbro yAoBJIerBopI{Tbnorpe6u- O6ocsonaHHe rapaMerpoB f3C urrae-
    ca n3C - fA3C o6uqHo onpaBAHBa- 6a.nance MorrlHocrefi aneprocHcreMbr, a TeJrrr-penyJlflTopa3a cqer fl3c, riro rpe- er cneuuQr.ruecKHeoco6ensocrH. Or-
    eTcfl JIHrrrb cyroqHoe, HHonAa HeAenb- nupa6orxa gHepnHH oKa3brBaercff 6nH3- 6yer nocraBKH uenpepunuofi sHeprHH MerKa [IoAnopHoro ypoBHff onpe,lleJlfler-
    HOeKOMneHCHpytOUlee PerynHpoBaHHeH xofi x MaKcHMaJIbHoBo3MoxHofi. H3 cucreMbl HJIHor A3C, pacnoJloxeH- cfl npn nu6ope roro HJIHHHoro crBopa.
    peAKo Mex(cH3uruftHoe. BogruoxHo yqacrne KoMnencupyro- Hofi n6flHsu crBopa nOC. flpn sa4aHHoM o6opy,uonaHvH Mout-
    KounaexcnOC- fAgC- fOC-TgC ulefi craHlll.tn KoMn.tleKca B Harpy3otl- B sacrosuee BpeMflH B nepcneKTnBe Hocrb r.r 3HeproorAaqa ffBJIsIorcfl Qyur-
    ocHoBHbIM CbIpbeM AJIfl noJIyrIeHHfl BO-
    Ho HcnoJrb3oBarb Bo3Molr(Hocru fI3C, 3yeMoM AJIff peryJIHPOBaHHfl qaCTOTbrTO- npHJrHBaH qncJra arperaroB. Cyruect-
    AopoAa N agorHoft KHcJIorbI (uepea au-
    oco6enHo rpynHofi. OyHxuuu penyna- xa. Ha crauuuflx KoMnneKca,ocyulecrB- rvruax) flBJIHercfl npupoAublfi raa., pac- BeHHbrMMfl onrHMH3auHH e$Qexrnn-
    poBaHHr HepaBnoMepuofi sHeproorAa'rn JIrrorrlnx HeAeJIbHoeH Mexcn3ntnfinoe xoA Koroporo Ha HyxAbI a3orHoH rlpo- HocrH I-l3C gerqercfl coqeraHue qnc.la
    n3C pacnpeAe.lflrorcfl MexAy craHrtl{fl- KOMneHCHpyloqeeperynHpoBaHHe, Mo- MbIIIIJIEHHOCTI{ HCtTUCTflCTCfl AECflTKAMH BoAonponycKHbrx ornepcrufr H arpera-
    MH xoMn{eKca, o6ecneqnsan MHHHMyM xer 6uru pa3Meqen TaKx(e u anapr.rfiHuft MuJrJrrrapAonxy6ouerpoB B roA. ToB, a raK)r(e o6ocHogaHue nocJleAoBa-
    'lqv
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    cyroqHoro KoMneHcHpyroqero perynHpo- ,renHofi AnHTenbHocrbro HcnoJIb3oBa- HHf OnTHMaJIbHOnO 3l{aqeHHff napaMeT-
    poAHoro ronJrHBa Bo BceMMHpe, BblHyx-
    BaHHr Moryr 6urr nepeAaHbr fOC n;ru HHfl. poB AoJrxuu 6nrrr nocrpoeHbl 3aBHcHMo-
    AeHHoe cMeulenne Ao6uqu Bo Bce 6olee
    fA3C, HeAsIIbHoro H MexcnsnrplfiHoro uout-
    PasMerqeuueAononHuTeJrbHofi oTAaJreHHbreIt rpyAHoAocrynHble Mecra H crH aHeprerHrlecKoro eQ$exra IISC ot
    perynHpoBaHHfl-f3C. HOCTHHa KOMneHCHpyrOrrlHX 3neKTpO- cBfl3aHHOeC 9THMnOCTeneHHOe ero yAo- ee napaMeTpoB.
    IIpu pa6ore n3C B craHqnffx Anff BbrnoJIHeHHff
    $yHxuuft poxaHHe o6ycnoo;rnBapr pacryuuft uH' 3ru noxa3areJlu ucnonb3ytorcn AJIfl
    n H K e r p a t p n r a H a t ' p y 3 - p$epBa /Vo Ao.nxHo 6urr npoBepeno Tepec K npoueccau, 6agupyrcqnMcfl Ha sKoHoMHqecKoro o6ocHosaHHn nOC.
    K H 3HeprHr n3C AeJIHTcfl Ha ABe qac- TEXHI,IKO-SKOHOMHqCCKHM CONOCTABJIC.
    yHHBepca.tlbHoM sHepfoHocHTeJIe CxoAcrno crpyKrypbl H AonroBpeMeHHo-
    TH - MeHbUafl BHAaeTCf HenOCpeACT- HHeM3arpar no HHM H no aaruegReuofi 3JIeKTPOsHepfHH. cru Qou,4oe, a raKxe npoH3BoAcrBeH-
    BeHHo B nHK rpaQnrca npn coBnaAeHHH 3JreKrpocraHIIHHc yqeroM Qarropa npe- OAnano LI 3Aecb, B cBfl3g c reM, qro Hofi xapaKrepHcrnKH IISC u I'3C on-
    nepHoAa neHeplrpoBanqfl n3C c npo- MeHH,a TaK)I(e noTepb 3HeprHH, Bbl3bl- He BCe CTaAHHnpO[eCCaperyJlHpyeMbl, peAeJlflror H oAHoTHnHocTb KpHTepHeB
    xox(AeHHeM nHKa B SHepnocHcTeMe,a BaeMHx HcnoJlb3oBaHHeMaaapufiHoro
    AonxHa 6utr o6ecne,Iena rlacrb 6asuc- H HopMarHBoBpacqera. Brrlecre c reM
    66nruran, ocrapulaffcfl nocre B[HcbrBa- pe3epBa.
    93
    92
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    n3c. HTeJrbcrBaHcqncJrsercq 5-8 roAaMH H
    {En
    g61. HanoMHHM, vro SarruqecKafl peH- SxoHotunqHHM npH3Haercfl To Ka[H-
    O6u{Hocrt gKoHoMHqecKoro cono- TaKOeXe IIHC.IOneT npHXOAHTCq Ha ne- m6elnHocrs B gneKTpo3HepreruKe co- TanoBJroxeHHe, npu Koropona R 6onture
    craBJreHHfl 4,ltfl Bcex orpac.nefi H noAor- pHoA ocBoeHnfl o6texra, npHMeHrercs. o/o(198a r.).
    craBnfler Bcero 6,9 eAHHHUbt:
    pacnefi npoH3BoAcrBa 6asHpyercfl Ha
    @pnry;ra 4.rrn npHBeAeHHfl3arpar: C qernp npn6auxeHufl pacqerHbrx
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    unn s@eKrnBnocrn [78] npeAycMarpu- B (9.9) noKa3arelH c ueprouxofi poM CHH)KeHHH nOKa3aTeJIA peHoBar{floHHbre oTqHc.rIeHHff Ao oKoHqa-
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    r02 103
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    qTo npuBeJlo K co3AaHurc TaK Ha3HBae- s 1983r. Ha f3C fucceH raKas MaUIH- paTopa HeJIb3flonHparb Ha oTHocHTeJIbHo
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    nacrH. B arofi KoHcrpyKIHH, nony' BaHHs raHreHtluannHoft Harpy3KH. arpenara CrpaQao:
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    AaBtteHHeMnpx BpalqeHnx ryp6nnu); 5 - KaMepa
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    Puc. I1.5. Arperar CrpaQao,ycraHoueHHHfi
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    qecKoro MaTepHaJIa,noAnHTblBatoTcroT- IIo Arrfl n3C Assanonnc (KaHaaa), xo- KopnycaMu noAurHnHHKoB17 ycrauoa- QerrunHofi .pa6orrr ngc npl urecTH_
    Qu.nrrpoeaHsofi eoAofi AJrff Toro, qro6rr Topar 6n.na BBeAeHaB aKcnnyararrnp B JreHbr ynJrorHeHun 19, KoHcrpyKuufl H raxrHofi pa6ore anperara np€AJraraeres
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    f3C - lO o/o. To.nrxo 3a cr{er reHepa- noBoporHbreJronacru I0 us Hepx(aBep- qacrora 60 I'u, AHaMerp (no xoxyxy)
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    Qopa-Jlox (cu. pHc. 12.1, e u d). pe3ynbrarbr eKcnnyaraqnn na flSC Merpapa6ouero Kqnecaryp6uHu H 6es qeHHr BHAaqH sa4aHHofi ycraHoBneH-
    2. flpuveHeHne Korreca nponeJr- Axsanonnc arperara CrpaQ.no, B Ko- noABoAHbilx cKaJrbHbilx pa6or. uofi uouuoctn fl3C Mox(er 6urrr xotrr-
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    l0 o/o cToHMocrH arperara no cpaBHe- Xorr Qupua-usroroBurerb npeA- no nyru noBbrrrreHuq
    Hx elfiHuqnofiMou{- 3ABUCHMOCTH
    HHIO CO CTOSMOCTbT KanCynbHOrO arpe- ycMoTpena rreTbrpexJreTHrop
    onbITHyK) HOCTH 3a cqeT yBeIHqeHHc AHaMeTpa
    raTa. iy'-*
    3. 3xcn;ryarauns arperara Crya$lo [JryaTaqHfl, HecMoTpf, Ha HeKoropbre c yBe[HqeHueMAHaMeTpacToHMOCTb z - e , s r QHi f , l 2
    Ynpoutaercfl no cpaBHeHuroc sKcnnya- HeHC[paBHOCTr{B ynnOTHeHHflXB pe- arperara pacrer 6ucrpee (n creneHu
    rauueft KancynbHoro arperara. 3yJIbTaTe ruecruMecflqHoro nepepHBa 2,3), ueu ero MourHocrr(n creneuu 2), r4e z - qncno arperaroB; Qi - npr-
    OAHaxo AaHHbre6 yMeHbrreHHH B MOHTaXe, Ilpouna B OCHOBHOM KOMneHCHpOBaTb 9TO yAopoxaHr{ecJre- seAennufi pacxoA.
    o6teuos 3AaHHfl fI3C, npoBeAeHnbre B yAoBnerBopnrerrbno [308] . AyeT 3a cqeT yMeHbrueHHs CTOHMOCTH Ho yrueuuuenuepacqernoro Hanopa
    [209J, ocHoBbrBarorcs Ha conoeraBJrenur{ n ---^--^
    nOCJ-ieAHeM iipOeKTe
    crpouTeJrbHoft qaerr sAaHHs H ygetueB- Hn c Ho; Ao Hpt+t npH YBeJII{qeHHH
    \,rAiiaKO B
    sAaHHfi n3C, o6opyaoaaHHbtxarpera- nOC CeeepH, xoropufi npelnoxeH reHHc 3KCnnyaTauHoHHbrx pacxoAoB Dit ro 6ir*, npnBoArrrK HeKoropoMy
    raMHCrpa$"rroC D1: l0 u x Kaficynb- K ocyqecrBnenuro B 1986 r. npuHflr npH_ coKparrleHHH rtHcJra anperaToB. yBenHqeHnpaupa6orxH flSC ga cqer
    HbIMHc Dr : 7,6 tu. Taxoe cpaBHeHHe xancyauHuft arpenar, nocKoJlbKyar- BosMoxlrocrb npnueHeHsi pafoqux o6ecneqesnq6orrueft nponycxsofi cno-
    npeAcTaBJlfleTcc HeBnqrrHeKoppeKTHbrM, KoJrecryp6unu AuaMerpor*,r g-10 M noA- co6Hocru ryp6unu npH nepexoAe Ha
    perar CrpaQao He no3BoJrflerpeann-
    nocKorlbKyB HacTocqeeBpeMf.qJrfiKan- soBarbo6parnuyrc (HacocHyro)pa6o- rBepxAaercfl npoeKroM n3C CenepH. 6o.nuruHfiAHaMerp pa6ouero KoJreca.
    \t-^-----^----^ -----p------ a----
    Cy.r-ibiilJXarperaTrJBA[aMeTp 7,6 u He Ty, KOTOpaflAaCT yBenHqeHHe BbIPa' B KO-IOpOMnpeAnanaeTcf MoHTax arpe- r r'e{rtHYcHne EblPa(x)'fKH MU}KeT ubt'rb
    fl&rrf,ercflnpeAelbnblu. Kax 6u.norroKa- 6orxn. rara Becrn KpynubrMr 6loxauu Heno- onpeAeJreHoKaK
    3ano B $ I 1.3, Supua Alsthom npe&ra- cpeLcTBeHHOHa [JrOrqaAKecTpoHTeJrbHo- A9 : iVAz,
    OqenHAHo, rtrg Anfl crBopoB, rAe
    raer Arts II3C OaHAHarperaru c D, : ro AoKa H MoHTOI(-AeMOHTaX BCerOarpe-
    : 9 M, a B npoeKre I-l3C CenepH aa- qerecdpa3Ha ABycropoHHflr pa6oTa, rara B c6ope (cu. r.lr. 16). rAeAt - BpeMrpa6oru arperaroBflSC
    JloxeHbr arperarH c Dr: 9,1 u; B BO3MOX(HO npHMeHeHHe TqrIbKO Kan- flp4 rur6ope qHcna arperaroB Kpyn- B HHTepBaneHanOpOnor ffn i\O Hp i+t
    CCCP paspa6aruBaprcf, arperarH c cynbHbrx arperaToB Hof, I-l3C cneAyer yqurhrBarb ABa npe- npn ycnonuu paborH ruApoarperara c
    l18 l19
    nocTosHHofi Harpy3Kofi Ha rul/.utr onpa- BerpoBafl Bo.nHa l.iln I(uc.nory6cxoq
    f1^/- lo ..\ - ',r
    HHr{eH}rx Mutl(nucr ?r. rr./\/ \4 rrv x) PaJa rrPcDErllrarr MnHH-

    VsennqeHHe AnaMerpa pa6overo Ko- ua.nrHsrfi Hanop sa fl3Cl, H3-3a noaB-


    fleca c Dr i AO Dr r*, flPHBOAHTK IeHHq 3HaKonepeMeHHoro KpyTflIqe1o
    yBenH'reHHrc o6beMoB H croHMocTI{ 3Aa- MOMeHTaHa Bany rHApoarperaTa c qac-
    HHn n3C H o6oPYAoBaHHfl Ha AS. rorofi BoJrHoBono soeAeficrnas Mo)t(eT
    3xoHotun qecKu ueJlecoo6pa3Hblfi p ac' norpe6onarrcn ocraHoBKa arperara
    qerHbrfi Hanop HaxoALITcflHa ocHoBaHHH n3C. HeyueHue arofi npo6.neMbrB npo-
    conocraBJleHufl AS n A9 s cHcteMe npn' exte II3C IIIoee (crvr. r.n. 15) noxaaalo,
    BeAeHHbIX 3aTpaT. qTo ycTpaHeHHeH Aaxe cHHx(eHHeKpy-
    Brunnne BerpoBofi BoJIHHHa pa6ory Tflurero MoMeHTaor Aeficrsnn eerpoeofi
    arperara n3C He cuqercfl o[acHbIM, BOJIHbT C nepuoAOttt I C He MOX(eT6Uru
    KOrAa pacqeTHaa BbIcoTa BqlHbil coH3- AOCTHTHyTO npHMeHeHHeMCyqeCTByp-
    MepHMac HanopoM Ha flSc H.ttll MeHbue rrlHx cHcreM peryJrHpoBaHHflBBHAy ux
    ero, KaK aro Ha6rrcAaercq, HanPHMeP, orHoclrreJrbHo Maroro 6uctpo4eir crsu q.
    Ha n9C PaHc, rAe pacqerHat Bblcora Tpe6yercn paapa6oua cneun:uIbHbrx
    BoJrHbI (2 r"r) coH3MepHMa c 4eficrayrc- peryn rropoB Hanpsx(eHus H 6esyc.noaHo
    uIHM HanopoM n3C (ll-l r,a) u.nu cy- coorBeTcrByrouleno coorHouleHHfl Morrl-
    ulecTBeHHo HHX(e ee. Hocru flSC u cncreMbr, a raKxe co3Aa-
    B craopax, rAe Bbtcora Bq)IHbIMox(er HHe poropa reHeparopa c ycn.neHHofi
    cyu{ecrBeHHo npeBbtuarb Aeficreyrournft 4wnQepHofi o6uorxoft n cncteuoft
    Hanop Ha ngc [nanpur'rep, pacqerHafl oxJIax(AeHHr.

    rNABA 12
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    r2.1. 3AAHhE n3C h BOAOnPOnvcKHbIE n c r o u r e f i c go r x p y r a o f t B n p H M H K a H H H


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    OTBEPCTh'
    ,qe.Hcnurasus arofi xonQnrypauHH, npoBe-
    B coaperrleHHblx npoeKTax paccMar-
    AeHHbreua Kucaory6cxoft flSC (cv. $ 20.2), r)
    [oKa3aJIH ee cyqecTBeHHbrerHApaBnHqecKHe
    pHBarorcs KoMnoHoBXH sAaHUfl n3c -n-D- e
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    raroB npH AByx- 'I olHocropoHHefi pa- xne. OAHaKo B nocJreAneeBpeMs Kolrcrpyx-
    ropu Quprr,ruAlsthom B Hnrepecax ynpoqe-
    6ote (puc. l2.l) H arperaroB Crpa$.no HHf, crponTeJrbHbrxQopu cxaoHgbrcfi TaKr(e
    Hefi pa6ore. K K o H H q e c K o Mcye q e H H r o ( c r ' r . $
    ll.4). 3ara
    Hafl qacTb 3AaHHff JreHHe ocH paooqero KoJreca I|oA MH b-
    nnfi (Hanux:unfi reoperu,recxrfi) ypoBeHb
    cTaJra KJraccuqecKofi ,uln nPunI{BHbIx yToqHgeTcq c yqeToM KoHKpeTHbrx AaHHHx
    sJreKTpOCTaH[HfiH npHHfra B npoeKTe crBopa u ycaoarft KaBHraqnH,KoropbreB cty-
    n3C @anau [941. ,[l,.rraeur6opa na6a- qae HcKJItoqeHHfiuacocHoft pa6otu cHrlxcator
    pHToB nporouHoft r{acru AaHa cxeMa rpe6ooaHua r saray6aeHun. OrverKa Bepx-
    Hefi xpouxlt BbrxoAroro ceqeHnf, orcacHBaro-
    Ha pilc. 12.2, rAe pa3Mepbl yKa3aHbl urefi rpy6u onpeA€Jsercr c yqeroM BhrcorH
    B Aqrlflx Dl [94i. fipn onrHMaJlbHoM EOJIHbI.
    BepxoBoM pacnoroxeHl|H Kancynbl Paccrogsue MexAy octMu arperaroB,
    (cr"r. puc. I1.8) lrr.Hna nporouuoft onpeAenflpulee ra6apnrHufi o6reu KoHcrpyK-
    qacru B cropoHy 6accefiua (4,3 DJ, uun (puc. 12.2), onpeAeJlfiercf,raKxe tt3 yc-
    JIoBHfl AonycrHMbrx norepb Hanopa xax 2 D,
    Kopoqe qeM B cropoHy Mops (5,5 DJ,
    BBr.rJtynpeHMyruecrseHHoft npsuoft ryp-
    n.,rpc ronutnsa 6uqra d (2-3 u). 3uavenne
    2 Dt coorBercrByer rnaMerpv KancynH, paB-
    0
    6unHofi pa6orbl B sroM Ha[paBJIeHHH, Houy 0,8 Dr.
    O6qas KoMnoHoBKaBepxHero crpoeHnf,
    KonAa 6qnee AnHHHblfi yqacroK ryp6nn- Pnc. 12.l. KoMnoHoBKr.r
    3r,anHfl l-l3C oau<,,-H ABycropoHHero,(eficrsnn:
    Aorx(Ha oTBeqaTb npex(Ae Ecero ycno8HgM a - I|SC
    HOrO TpaKTa Hcno.trb3yercfl KaK orcacbl- o6c.nyxnaaHug, MoHTaxa H AeMoHTar(a3Jte- Panc_ (1966); 6 - xounoxoBKa 3traHflff Krcaory6crofi ngC ( 1 9 6 8 ) , n p- <i l D
    s earxe. H
    a lH
    r an x ra6apurau
    arperara c pa6o'rru KorecoM MeseHcxof, IISC (Dr-10 n); a - II3C B 3aJt. (lgZ7f ; e -' l-I3C
    Baroqaff ryy6a. MeHToB arperara, Koropue 6aaro4apn Bo3- Ccnepr (1981); d - n3C CrpaHrgopa-Jlox (1983. arperar CrpaSao)
    MoxHocrn Hx pa3Aenbfiofr sbreuxu (ycraHoa-
    feouerpnr nporovHofirtacru,no .qaHHbIM xn) uepes .tIroKHMauHHHoro sara o6nerqapr
    A.ltgIISC PaHcnpHHtra H3Me'
    HccreAoBaHnfi, ttpoBeAenxe peuoHroB (nanpurrrep, BHeM or-
    120 r2r
    6acceua
    A-A
    s.+

    v r u

    Pnc. 12.2. Cxeua .rtrf, onpereJrerus ra6apnron nporornofi qacrn 3AaHHf,tlSC c Kancynb- Pxc. 12.3. KounoHoaxa 3AaHHs flSC n rpoexre CenepH c AeMograxeu arperara e c6ope
    HHM arperarou (l-l3C OaHAn, 1969):
    4 -- oAH@TopoHHero 4eficrnne; 6- - gn;.croporrero Aeficrnfis
    Ha MOHTaXHaq nrOUa.[Ka npHHflra Ha l6 ra, KoTopbrft B oTJruqHeoT QpoHTa peq-
    arPeraroB.
    Hbrx [13C HcnoJrb3yercr He Afls nponyc-
    qe.ntxofr ronacrr H Apyrnx 3neMenroB pa6o- cKonbKy rpe6yercr BHABHxeHHeoronoBKoB H s p n c . l ? . l , a , 6 , e B H A H o ,q r o Ka naBoAKoBbtxH Apyrux He3HepreTH-
    qero Ko.[eca, BKJrK)qasero BTynKy, 6es npe4- 6uqros nepeA BbrxoAHbrM(axo.qHuu) ceqe- qecKHx pacxoAoB BoAbr, a Ans ycKope-
    KoHcrpyKuHr 3AaHHRn3c npH oAHo-
    B a p r T e J l b H o r o , [ , e M o H T a x ar e H e p a T o p e , K a K H f i e Mo r c a c u s a b q e f i r p y 6 r r ( c u . , r a n p u u e p ,
    gro neo6xoAHMo A€Jarb y BeprHKaJrbHbrx ar- I(nc..nory6cxyro F|SC Ha pHc. 12.1, 6). flpn cTopoHHeft pa6ore npHHuHnnaJrbHo He HHS BbrpaBHHBaHErypOBHeft H O6ecne-
    peraroe). BosrrroxHo raKxe npon3BoAurb pacnoJroxenHu peMonrrbrx orpaxAeHnfi B oTJrHqaeTcfl oT 3AaHHq npH ABycTopoH- qeHHff onTHManbHbtx ycJIoBHff paooTbl
    MOHTa)T(-AeMOHTa,|( reHepaTOpa He3aBHCHMO cyxeHroft qacrn ryp6nnHoro Bo,qoBoAaMox- neft pa6ore. B nosreAHeMcnyqae ArHHa ryp6HH.
    or ryp6r{Hbr. Ho coKparilTb pacxoA MeraJrra u o6aerqurr npoToqHofi qacTH yMeHbruaeTcfl Ha
    MaHHnyJtHpqB_aIle 3arpaxAeHurMH (cu.. Taxnu o6pasou, pafura BoAonpo-
    Ha FISC PaHc, Kncaory6cxofi H B npoex-
    re n3C OanAr 1977 r. npuHflr oAHHJtloKAJtt H a n p t { M e p ,f I 3 C P a n c , p n c . 1 2 . 1 , a ) . 23 o/o (2,7 D) BcneAcrBue HcKrtotteHus nycKHbtx oTBepcTilfi BIHfleT Ha sHep-
    s. et
    rv.

    er peMoHT reFeparopa, Ho npfi groM cToH- 6nnxou BoAoBoAefl3C ne rpe6yercr BBHAy Ha- JteHHH H OTCyIlCTBHfl B STOMCJIyqae He- Panc BbrxoAH3 cr?ofl oAHoro H3 uecru
    MocTb cTPoHTerbHHx KoHcrpyKunft yMeHbua- crynabqero qepe3 KaxAHe 6'r l2 MHHecrecr. o6xoAnuoctH HcnoJrb3oBarb noABoIr- ornepcruft yMeubuaer Bbtpa6orKy Ha
    eTcf,, xorn rpe6yercr ycraHoBKa .qByx Ko3- B e H H o r oB H p a B H H B a u n ry p o a n e f i.
    JloBbrxxpaHoB. PacnoaoxeHre rpancQopMaropoB H xpa- uHfi BoAoBoAB Ka'{ecrBe orcacblBapuefi 2 o/o,a oTcyTcTBHe BoAo[ponyCKHbtx oT-
    flpeAcraaaser Hflrepec HoBat NoMnoHoB- HOBBapbHpyeTcf B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KJIHMaTH- rpy6u. Taroe yKopoqeHne nporoqHofi Bepcrnfi, no pacrreraM [IpeHAra, yMeHb-
    Kr, AaHHaf, -B nocJreAnxx npoeKTax n3C 'recKHx ycaoaufr. B npoexre ngc OasAtt qacTH no3Bq[reT vMeHburHTbo6beM 6ero- uaer BbrpafurKy n3C Ha 33 o/o 1246,
    Ceoepn [2541, no3BoJlstoulas npoH3BoAHrb 1977 r. [228] rpanc@prrraropHue nuefixr pac- ToHa B 3.EaHr{uI-l3C npnuepHo Ha 7 o./o,
    noJraraprcs HaA ruaxrofi ,qocryna H noMeue-
    2471- floarorrry qscJlo orBepcruft o6L{q-
    BHeM arperara B c6ope (xax ero 6uao cAeaa-
    no s 19il r. Anf, arperara r'rnrpo-I3C Kacts HHeM cucreMbr nos6yx.qennn H gneKTprqe- HO BeAer K norepe Bbtpa6orKH n3C Ha HO COnOCTaBHMO C T|HCIOMarperaToB t{
    ao Opanunn). Taroe peuenHe ocyqecrsns- cKHx ycrpoficra. flpr HaJTHqHH nepeAaHxHHx 2O-30 o/o. ADKe npeBHUaeT eror H3Mepflflcb ,qe-
    ercn no npHHuHny KoHcTPyKqHHcaMoterHo- penbcoBux naarQopn ycraHoBr(y rpaxcQop' Hcx.lrro.IeHue HacocHofi pafoTbr crrKaMH H corHaMfl (rcC Cenepn -
    ro KpHJta a BHAe uoulHofi KoHcoJtbHoft6aarn, MaropoB Moxno Becrn c noMoul,bro odqero npH ycraHoBKe arperara crpaQ.no 180) u cocraBrnfl 3narrnTerbHyb qacrb
    o6pasyrcuefi nepexpurue ryp6nilHoFo BoAo- Kpana. flocxoaxy oAHH rpaHc@puarop yc'
    BoAa H no3BoJrsrorq,efi naaeyueuy Kpany rpy- TaHaBJrnBaerccHa 8 arperaroe, cso6oAnue (pnc. 12.1, d) no3BoJrsernoAusrb no crouMocrn 3AaHHr (ngc Ceeeptr -
    sonoAbeMnocrbp 2000 r noAurrb c 6apxn x roMeuleHHf, MexAy rpanc{npuaropHHMti ycfioBmfl-M KaBiiTauHri oeb Pa6o-.iero Ko- 40 %) [2:i,iii, nocKoJtbhy r{x nponycKHafl
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    Oqesxrao. qro KoncrpyKuHn BoAonpo.
    MonrHHx sarpalKAeflnfi c o6eux cropon Typ- us ycaoexft KoMnoHoBKnycrpoficra x noMe' CneunQurapexuMa ngc rpe6yer nycKHoro coopyxeflHfi1orxHa o6ecneqs-
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    cocraBJrser Bcero 32 u u xoHenrypaquc (nanpnuep, fleHxancrnft,
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    arperaTa HaxoAHTcfl He HaA Typ6fiHofi,
    AonponycKHbrx orBepcrHfi. flpenuy- a BHyTpH KancyJrbr, npocTpaHcTBO HaA
    ulecTBa TaKofo peueHHff cocToqT B TOM, ryp6aHofi oxa3brBaercff 6oree cso6o,q-
    qTo npH nponycKe pacxoAoB AJrc Bbr-
    HbrM. Heo6xoAr.ruue ycrpoficrna yn-
    ffi)nntr paBHHBaHH fl ypOBHefiucnoaugyeTcfl3Aa-
    HHeIISC H no cpaBHeHHpc paa4enuHofi
    KOMnOHOBOfi CoKpaularoTcs o6teMu sb,r-
    paBJIeHHfl, KOMMyHHKaqHH,MaCJIO- n
    3JreKTponpoBoAbr Moryr 6utr pacno-
    JIO)KeHbIB flq'Iocrgx 6u,Ixos, a raKx(e B
    eMKH u pa6or no ycrpoftcrBy roABoAHo-
    cKBO3HbrXriuepeffx-floTepHax, HAytuHx
    ro ocHoBaHHq H KpenneHnr 6u@a. qep€ Bce 3AaHHe.Taxoe peureHHe npeA-
    ,[,ra crnopa Mesencrofi [l3C aro Aaer rroxeHo JI. E. EepHurreftHoM B lgSg r.
    aKoHoMHro croHMocrH coopyxeHnft Ha
    t6l Ms nanrasHofi KoHcrpyKrtHH u
    l0 o/o. flocxo.rn,xy nponycK BoAbilqepe3 ocyqecre,reHo Ha onuruofi Kuclorv6-
    BOAOnp OnycKHbreoTBepcTH r npoHcxoAHr crofr flSC (crrr.puc. 12.1,6). B eiou
    ruraBHbrMo6paeorr,rnpr{ 3aKpHrbrx ryp6H- coopyx{eHHHnynbT yflpaB.rreHr.rfl
    H BTo-
    Hax HJIHnpn pa6ore Hx B pexuMe xo[o- pHrrHbre ycrpoficraa pacnoJroxeHbr B
    cToro nponycKa, coBMerqeHHe BoAOC6pO- coceAHeM c anperaToMnpqrreTe,a npo-
    HCIIO.ttb30Ba.
    KaKoro-.rru6oanucHus Ha 9u€pr€Tn{€c. Ho KaK BoAonponycKuoe-
    Kyro xapaKrepHcrHKyryp6nnu. Taxuu odpa.
    3OM, OKa3bIBaeTcfl Bo3MOXHbIM UCnO.rIb-
    OqeauAno, qro Hcnq,Ib3oBaHHelr(e- 3oBarb Bct<l [noulaAb Mor(Ay 6nruxauu
    aeso6eroHHofi KoHcrpyKuHr{ caMoro AJs nponycKaBoAHnpll BbTpaBHHBaHHH
    3AaHHsn3C AJrfl nponycKa xsrocrbrx yponnefr.
    n2nY|Fltr^p rr rt fr tvaAt v^ T
    r qorD
    r ar ! r L a dof- d ELaL^ p
    LMrra r-I- ^--.^--
    rsL.rvAvs p Cl qEJIE- tiponycK pacxoAoB HaA ryp6uuofi
    coo6pasrr,rM, oco6eHHo B ycJroBl{ffx npn- ocyulecTBJreeTcff nocpeAcTBOMMaHHny-
    MeHeHufl KancynbHoro arpeFaTa, TaK nHpoBaHHfl nJTOCKHM 3aTBOpOM,pacno-
    KaK sTOT arperaT npH oTKrrroqeH[H yxe JroxeHHhrM c BepxoBofi cropoHu. ,[,ls
    Hcnonb3yeTcff AJrr xoJlocToro upoflycKa, npoBeAeHHflpeMOHTaH AeMOHTaX(a arpe-
    a ecJrH [ponycK ocyqecTBHrb TaKx(e HaA rara ycraHaBnl{Baercfl Hngosoft nnoc.
    arperaToM, To Bcfl KoHCTpyKtIHsCTaHO. Kuft sarsop. OH orpaxAaer peMonTnyto
    BHTcq xax 6ul npflMoyroJrrnoft rpy6ofi, nnoqa,(Ky, KoTopafl Mo)KeTTaKXe Cny.
    o6pasonaHHofi 6uqxaun no BHcore c )KHTbn uoHraxnoft.

    Puc. 12.4. Bo4onponycKxHecoopyxenrs:


    c-- II9C Pa_!l!:_(1966);
    6.- ngC OanAr (1969);a - IISC OanAr ( 1 9 7 7 ) ;e - f I 3 C C e a e p n( t 9 8 t ) : d -
    Megexcxarn3C (19E4r.)

    t25
    lUe.nrAu AJIHHofi2,E xv, vcraHoB.rreH- BOLOTOKOB.) neperUUuex- !{oronr=!o !!!!,!
    Hbrx Ha rny6HHax l5 u (prc. 12.5). crpoureJrb;"""
    hgC F;"' ;;il;-"J;;
    K Hnu ornocuTcfl Taxx(e n S20-uerpo- o/o
    3aTpaTbI 25 cpeAcTB, BrrolKeHHbrx B
    BAfl nJ|OTHHaArs 3aUHTbl oT HaBoAHe-
    HHil JloHtroxa, rAe HanJraBflbrMn Bbr-
    noIHeHH nJIHTbtnoporoB, a 6uqxu sos_
    BoAHnHcb B nepeMbHKax. B CCCP B
    nIoTHHe Anc 3slqnru JlennnrpaAa oT
    HaBOAHeHHfi npHMeHeHH HanJraBHbre MeIIleHHs BO BpeMeHHIIOATOTOBKHnoll-
    6troxu pa3MepoM 132 x bl,l x ll u,
    BoAoH3MeqeHHeM32 ruc. r, npeAcTaB-
    Jrsrc|Ilue co6ofi roroBoe nflTtnpqleT-
    HOe BoAonponycKfloe coopyxeHHe, AO-
    cTaBJrseMoeHa nnaBy co cMoHTHpOBaH_
    HbrMH3arBopaMH (ptrc. 12.6). B nonHo-
    c6opnoru HcnorrHeHHHB lgZT r. TapKe
    B CCCP 6ur.no ycranoBJreno nrrb 100-
    MeTpoBbrxMaqT nepexoAa qep€lt flHenp
    JTHHHHaneKTponepeAaqfi Ha xene3de-
    TOHHbTXoVHAartleHTax-noruraBKax Aua- B yc.noanrx, KorAa crBopbt Bo3Mox_
    Horo crpoHTs[bcTBa fl3C HaxoAflrcs B
    yeTlgy 45 u sucorofi l0 u (pnc. lZ.T).
    B 1985 n. aro peureHue6uJlo-noaropeHo p3jlgTax cypoBoro KIHMara (Kauaaa,
    Arrl lrgpexoAac rpeMfl onopaMHBbrco_ CIIIA), a B CCCP-Ha ueo6xnrux
    rofi 126 r'r. rpyAloAocrynHEilx yAaneHHbrx yqacr-
    flpulreueHue HanJraBHorocnoco6a Kax ApxruuecKoro ndepexbq, nprMe-
    Pnc. 12.5. O6u$rfi BHA H KoucrpyKuun coopyxeHnfi nporuBorilropuoaofi 3aulnrbr B ycrbe HeHfie HanJIaBgoFo MeTOAa no3BoJlfleT
    Bocroqnoft llleauau: Mfl CrpoHreJrbcrBan9c npeAcTaB[r_
    I -xaxennufi nopor: 2-xeaego6eroxxufi nopor nponertoroctpoelv.r.i3- 6eroxxue 6uxx, ycranan- eTcn oco6o npHBJIeKaTe'IbHbtM, nepeHecTH OCHOBHbTe pafoTH no coopy-
    nocKq,Ib-
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    Ky oHo Aaer Bo3MOXHOCTb x(eHHrc nOC H3 Tflx(eJrbrx vc.rroirifi
    xatu; 6 - o6patnufi necqaHo-rpaBxfixutfiQnaurp Mex(1y QnautpyoultMn MHorocJrofixunsvaraxx: 7 - O6Of,rHCr6eg
    xaMeHHagua6pocxa noBepx Onrbrpytoulnx vsorocaofiHHx xaroB Bo3BeAeHHr Ha 3naquTerbHhrx rny6Hr crBopa s 6ranonpurrHyp o6ciaHoaxy
    Hax, B CTBOpax,noABepx(eHHbrxtuTop_ npHMopcKoro npoMbluneHHor-O qeHTpa
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    flpn nepexore or onHrHoro K npo- Aan Nrn aroro oSrexrusHue npeAno-
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    6'.noxu, pacnoJloxeHHHe qepe onpeAe- MEHflTbCfl AJTfl CTPOHTqIIbCTBA B MOPC.
    JleHHOe qHCJTO arperaTrrbtx 6rloxos. KHX 34.'IHBAX HA ruI
    HHX HHX(HH BOAOBOA B aKBaTOpHflX, nOABepXeHHbtx ruTopMo-
    Hcnqflb3yeTcfl Kax BoAonponycKHoe oT- BOMyBo.,lHeHHlo. BHa,tanearo 6unu uop-
    BepcTHe,a BTopHrtHHeKoMMyHHKaUHH t?urcrad aanue
    H cKHe BOAO3a6Opbr, MaflKH, noproBbre HeAcraa cg6q
    nynbT ynpa&rreHHs pacnqlaraprcs B coopyxeHKfl u ryHHeJrH,AbilnqrrHceMhre
    rarepee, uAyqefi no 6uuxaM, KaK 3To H3 norpyxHbrx cexuuft. Han6o.rree
    6uao ocyuecrB.rreno Ha Karvrcxoft f3C s KpynHHeH3 HHX: TyHHqrrbMeTponoJrH-
    CCCP. Onucannas KoMnoHoBKa 3Aa- reHa B CaH-@paHuHcKo H3 57 6noxog
    HHs n3C Ha3BaHa cKBo3Hofi r{MeHHo A.nuHofi100 r*l u uaccofi 14 rurc. r Kax-
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    MeHeHHeM ropH3OHTaIbHOrO arperaTa, KapulHxBpeMeHHbrfi nponycx BoAHnJro-
    onpeAenfleT BO3MOXHOCTbBO3BeAeHHn THHbrBnureprar, ycraHoB.rreHHbrx Ha
    il3C HanIaBHbrMcnoco6ou. llporpecc a r.ny6uuel0 r*r;62 ycron gHcorofi 48 rrl u Pxc' l2'6' Hanaaaxas KoHcrpytfu*t BoAorponyc*Hbrx coopyxeHnft
    nJror,.HhrAnfl 3aur'rbr
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    126
    t27
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    arperaroB, npu Koropbrx ocaAKa 6.noxa rrHH (pnc. 12.8) octtoBaHHa KoMnoHoBKe
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    nocraBHJrH nOA yrpo3y OCyqeCTBJIeHHe
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    coopyxeHuc n3C 6eccnopuo 6u.ro sbl-
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    ronrqrHy Hx yAaercs AoBecrH ao 5-10 cu, o6reua 6erona (n3C Panc - 1,41,
    coxpanf,s ttpn 3ToMnpoquocrb, xeo6xo4nnyrc n3C Ceaepn- 0,375 r'a37xBr1,
    coKpa-
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    Aatoqnx noBepxnocreft npu Hanope l0-12 t't.
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    3HaqHTenbHHX A H H a M H q e C K IH I Xa r p y s o K n P H ll20l. Taxuu oSpasou,ycraHoBJIeHo,
    pa6ore arperaroo, xoJlocrbtx c6pocoa H y.[a- qro HanraBHofi cfloco6 uue.n cyqecTBeH-
    yaeanreHa. Heo6xoAuMo raxxe ycHJIeHHe
    KpaeBHx yqacrKoB BoAocJIHBHofi nanru r rcs n3C OanAn Ir CeBepH.
    co3AaHHeMOHOJTHTHbIX nogcoB B Mecrax Kpen- floHRtno, qro HarIJIaBflaf,KoHcrpyK-
    JteHHr arperaroB H sarBoPoB(crrr.pnc. l2.l2l. ItHs Kucrory6cxofi n3C ilpH AaJIbHefi-
    Ho Aag o6ecneqeuss xeo6xoAutuofi naaayue- rueM cBoeM npHMeHeHHHnpeTeprleBaer
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    6uroxa B crBope IISC nyreu 3anonHennfl MoHo- eKrax ngc @airAn it Ceaepu nPHHf,ra
    IHTHHM 6erosolt coorBercrBylou{Hx 3apanee pa3AeJrbHafl KoMrroHoBKa3AaHHfl n3C
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    puc. 12.1, a, e). 9ro MomBnPyertfl Hc-
    flocre ycneruuoro ocyqecrBneHufl KffOqeHHeU ply6Oxofi BHeMKHB CTBOpe
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    ------ tt --^ -^---1---^e- n^/-r l^--^ I o I <\
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    9 3"*. 1871 t29
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    cruft.
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    cTpoeHr{f B crBope Bo BTOpylo oqepeAb
    (pnc. 12.9), qro odneruaer nepeKpHrHe
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    eKTeCeBepH. OH cocroHT B ToM, qro npH BqIIHbl, AocrHfaloLqero 0,2-0,3 i'iiia.
    oTcbrrrKe TeJla UIoTHHbI HCflOJIb3yeTcfl Tax, n npoeKTe nJIorHHbl apI'eHTI{HcKofI
    apKoo6pasHblfi ulHT, B cBoAe Koroporo flSC Can-Xoce(pnc. 13.3,a), HecMorpR
    HMerorcq orBepcTHfl-6yuxepa Ailfl or- Ha BbInoJIHeHHeo6r.nHuosxltHapyX(HblX
    cbrnKH necKa. flonepx necKa yKraAbI- rpaHeft H3 KpynHblx 6JIoKoBMaccoft or
    Puc. 13.2. Orpaanreaurue .u,an6uanR 3auHrbr o T HaBOAHeHHg: BaeTcqcoprHpoBaHHblfiMaTepuaJIH Ha- 0,05,qo I r u n4pa H3 KaMHt Maccofi 3-
    a - 3aKpbrrle 6peurn a Aau6e (l9$i r l: 6 ---nau6a lllennxex (.(easra -naa r, t95{ cJIeAyIourHe
    at - MaccrrBbr cxaocHofi KorcrpyKqgn 6pocxa. I 00 xr, npeAycMarpHBaJIHcb
    144 l0 3"x. 1874 145
    yKnoHbr orKocoB: | .2 - o6paueH- soft cteHxoft orcbtnaerctt npH3Ma Ka-
    H b r eK M o p r o , l : I - x 6accetlHy.ilpu uennofr Ha6pocxr.r.KeccoHsI coeAHHffroT-
    BHcore nJIorHHbI 18 u runpuHe no rpe6- cfl MexAy co6ofi BoAoHenpoHHuaeMbrMH
    Hto l0 rta pasmep nJIorHHbI nonH3y co- uBaMH. Co cropoHu 6accefiHa uoruHa
    craBJrffer 64 u. HMeeTOTCblnKyH3 IJIHHHCTOTO neCKaC
    3HaqurenbHoe yMeHbuIeHHeo6teua hrntrouleHHbtMorKocoM.
    HacHnH 6u.no AocrnnHyro B npoeKre }ra xoxcrpyKunff 6raI'o4apn ee npo-
    nrroruHbr QpaHuyecxoft n3C ApreHoH crofi pae6opre nocnyxuna npororfl-
    H JIaHcue (puc. 13.3, e), orcexarcurefi noM AJts nepeMbrqeK B npoeKTe nOC
    6accefiHu or Mopfl (xanop 13 ru). I-l.no- llIose (crra.rn. 17) u B AanbHefiureM yco-
    THHa BHnOTHqeTCR npH noMoulHunyH- BepuJeHcrBoBaHHafl B Bt{Ae I'pe6eHxu lls Prc. 13.5.flaoruna tl3C Ko6exyna (npoexr 1977 r.l:
    rogofi nepeMbItIKH, no3aAn xoroPofi HanJraBHbrxKonoHH 6urna ocyuecrmeHa l-Anpo (necex x rpaarfi);2-nepexo4,nac 3oHa (qe6exs); J - xauennan xa6pocxa KpvnHocrbro
    fi) uu (raptepnar); 3a, 4, 4a -coprrpolaHHar KaMeHHan ra6pocxa; 5-xpenaenrc orKocoB
    ycTaHaBnHBalorcq noABoAHMHeHa nJIa- B xaqecrBe nepeMblqKH, orpax<Aanuefi
    By KpyrnHe x(eJle3o6eroHnue KeccoHbl. KOTJIOBaH,B KOTOpOM Bs3BOAHJloCb 3Aa-
    Macca Kax(Aoro 6noxa nocne 3anoJIHe- HHe fI3C PaHc (cru. puc. 15.5). npoQHnH HacunHofi (HarroraHoft)nJro- HenpoHHuaeMocrb o6ecneqHaa.rracbAH.
    HHff cocraBJlfler 7000 r. E.noxn norpy- flocxonrry B nocJIeAHHx npoeKTax THHbr I-13C, MoxHo npHBecru npoeKr aQparuoft H3 MeraJrJrhqecKoro unyHTa.
    )Kaprcr 3a crrer Hano[HeHur nu6pnpo- npHHnMaercg HanragHofi MeroA, He- pa3AeJrurerrsofi nJrornHbr n3C Apre- B .ua.nrneftueu oH 6ur.n.H3MeHeHna 6o-
    BaHHbIM necKoM, xoropufi 3aKpblBaer- o6xoAlruocru s atofi KoHcrpyKuHH, KaK HoH H JIaHcue (pnc. I3.3, d), rAe npo- aee pacnnacraHHuft (puc. 13.6), aHa.no-
    cs 6eroHHbtMH nflHTaMn. I{eHrpalrHan H eoo6ue nepeMHrreK npu cTponTe.Itb- rHsoQHnrrpaunoHHoe necqaHoe ffApo rnqHo nprHsroMy B npoeKre [I3C Oan-
    rracrb 3anolrgflercfl xaueuHofi na6poc' crse n3C, ornaJra. orpaxAeHo c AByx cTopoHnpH3MaMHH3 nll'. }ra KoHcrpvKuHr orBeqaer c.ltox-
    xofi uepes orBepcrHe co cbeMnofi xpuur- Kax npnrraeppeureHHfl, HanPaBnen- KaMeHHofi Ha6pocxr.r. Taxoe peureHue HbrM ycnoBHflM Bo3BeAeHHfln.rIOTHHbl
    xofi. Co cTopoHbl Mopfl neper unynro- HOrO Ha yMeHbuIeHHepacnIacTaHHocTH 6uno HcnoJIb3oBaHoB npoeKTeJlyrrr6oe- npH cKopocrrrx, JlocrHrapqux 5 u1c.
    cxofi fl3C 1940-1941 rr. Arfl nrorHHbr, VnopHaa npn3Ma, orcbrnaeMas B BoAy
    orcexapulefi 6accefiH or Mopt B BHAe c Hcnorrb3oBaHHeM AHHaMHKHnpHnHB-
    ^ Eucceix 6 Mope
    MHorotpycHbrx Ha6pocHurxnpH3M, a B Horo noroKa, cocroHT H3 xauenHofi na-
    Md.Kc. MaKc.6-12 oAHoM H3 BapHaHToBnpoeKra Kqrrscxofi 6pocxr.r, Ha Korropyrc no cJroKt o6par-
    n3C (1983 r.) oHo 6u.rto AononHeHoMe- Horo Qurrrpa npoH3BoAHTcq HaMbrB
    TaflJIHqecKHMunyHToM, aa6nsaeMHlu c 6acceftHosoro KJTHHa[JrorHHu. Ha ot-
    - 5.J BO,(br B necqaHoe TeJto nJIoTHHbl Koce nocJroftHaq orcbrnKa o6parnono
    (pnc. 13.4, a). Hacxonnro MHor'oflpyc- Qurrrpa, nopHori Maccbr,AByx croee 6e-
    Hafl Ha6pocra yMeHbuaer o6reu nJro- ToHHbrxMaccHBoB HnH KaMeHHux 6.no-
    THHbr, BHAHo H3 cpaBHeHHflnp@nrn KOB.
    _ ft_ Fr-^_-^- z^------- ---
    TIJIOTHHbT ^(urbCKOH l rcr\- H rrp(xpHJrH raSMep ue'lutltlbll [{aCCHttOE OKa-
    Ha6pocnofi nJIorHHbr n3C CeaepH 3aICq npeAMemM AHCKyCCHH, TaK KaK
    (puc. 13.4,6). 3TO nOCTaBHJTOnOA BOIIpOC OCyUeCTBne-
    fkornsu nAC B 3aJr. QanAn Btilco- Hne Bcero npoeKTa. Ec"nu nepBonaqarb-

    + + saHHofi ropuofi MaccbrKpynHocrbroAo Cenepu cocraBJrsJra Bcero lO o/o 06-


    200 uv c orKocaMu | :2 (co ctoponn tqefi cueru, To nocJre aKcnepr[au Qup-
    6accefina)n I : 1,75 (co cropoHbil r'ropa) rtmr NEDECO, npe4;roxnnrueft AoBecrH
    (puc. 13.5). B rqrre nJroruHbr pacnqro- Maccy Kax(Aoro MaccuBa Ha MopcKoM
    xeH Hax;roHnnfi necqaHo-rpane.nucrufi orKoce ao 55 T, crouMocrb BcspocJra c
    c;rofi ronulusofi 9 ru, oxpy)r(eH-
    rr,roulHufi 4,1 to l0 u.npa. Q. cr. us-sa Heo6xoAH-
    Hufi 3-uerpoBbrMo6parHuu Qn.nrrpou, Mocru oqeHb AarrHeft AocraBKH 3THx
    Ha orKocax vnoxeHo ,qayxc;tofiHoe MaccHBoB.OAuaro npoeKTHpoBIIlHKH or-
    K penneH H e. cTosJrHcBoro ToqKy 3peHHff Ha ocHoBa-
    B npoexrax fISC OaH.qn6un npe4- HHH p$ynbTaToB 3KCnnyaTarIHHMqrra B
    floxeH oparnHanusufi cnoco6 orcbrnKu pafioHe nopra Ta.n6or, xoropHft yKpen-
    ---a-__----o-
    HaupocHoH
    t-
    (3aMblKaruqeH,
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    AaMubr c
    _ ___
    Me- J-ieH MaCCHBaMii-r,,laCCOfi -nCeIO T, a
    I
    TaJrJIHqecKofiacraxaAbr, B Koropofi urue- BbrAepxHBaer BoJrHoBHe Bo3AeficrBHs
    I,OTCflna3br AJrf ycTaHoBKHsKpaHa H3 6oree cJroxHbre, qeM B crBope nOC
    c6opHux x<elego6eroHHbrx nJrur 12281. CesepH.
    nrornus fl3C.
    Pnc. 13.4.Kaueuno-na6pocnue B npoeKre nJroruHbt nOC CenepH B nocJreAHeM npoeKTe KoraHreH-
    s-Mnororpycxan (Koarcxas fI3C, npoeKT lgttil r.): /-urnyur; ?-necqaHHfi lPYxr; 3-necqaHo-
    rpaaxfiurrfi'"py"r: i-xanenuas na6p'ocxa;5-rarriexr xpyniroctro ll00 MM:6-:xauexr KpynHocrbto nepBoHaqaJrbHo 6u.n npeAJroxeH npo- I{eHrp (crtr. r.n. 17) Ha yr{acrKax ne6o.nr-
    zbo ir.rl O-bliospvcnai C e p < i p r ) :i - . q a a 6 p a r n a - i g u e r a a r r f l q e c K o r ou n y x r a ; 2 - n e c o x : 3-
    tngc
    odpatxufi Qnarrp; 4 - KaneHE uaccoA 6-8 r Qnar (pnc. 13.4, 6), B KoropoM BoAo- uux r.ny6uH KoJrbuesaqraM6a orcHna-
    146 l0' r47
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    T
    ,5
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    ta

    Pxc. 13.6. fhorsHa [I3C CieuepH: (.)


    J - - x a n u r n c c K a ; 2 - o 6 p a r a u i l$ r a u r p ; J - - x p e n a c ' x roc r K o c a ; 4 - - 6 a s x e rA n t n e p e ( p 6 r r l s : 5 - - x a .
    MeHHaq ra6pocxa

    ercr u3 rpyHTa, 3alr{HqaeMoroxaueuHofi cTaBJlflloTct K MeCT)' coopyxeHHf Ha


    Ha6pocxofi unu 6eroHHurrlr{ MaccnBaMr.r nflaBy. B co6paHHoM BHAe Macca tro,rG. (
    20-40 T, a ffApo Bbrno.rrHrercfl H3 6ury- ro MaccHBa cocraB.Irset 3000-5000 t, \i
    MH3HpoBaHHoro necKa uJrH 6eroHa rrro o6ecneqgsaer ero ycrofivuaocm $r
    (puc.t3.7). rrpn paqerHofi sHcore BoJrHbr. stl
    B npoexrax .Ilyr'l6oscxofiu Tyryp- B 1958 r. npeAaoxeH rpoeKr rno-
    cxoft fI3C xpenJrenueMopcKoroorKoca rHHbr nOC Hs 6o.nee KpynHbrx Ha-
    peIIreHo nyreM HanJraBHbrxxereeo6e- nrraBHbrx6noxon tl l6l. [Ipn no4ou3Me-
    roHHbrxnJrur (puc. 13.8). rueHurl 32 ruc. r oHr4 6yayr uMerb
    Crpeureuue KapAHHanbHopeuruTb ocaAKy 23 rtr. HgrorogreHr.re npeAJra-
    3aAaqy HHAyCTPHaJTH3aUHH BO3BeAeHHS raeTcff BecTHHa cTaneJrgx,pacfioJroxeH-
    fl.IIOTHHnpHBenO K nOgBJreHr{rO npOeKToB Hbrx Ha oAHoM H3 OCTpOBOBapxHne-
    nrorHH H3 HanJraBHbrx3JleMeuroa.llep- .nara lllose, c nocJre4ynurefi 6yxu.rpon-
    Bafl TaKafl, KoHcrpyKuss 6uura npeAJro- xofi x crBopy nJIorHHbr.CroHuocrr I rvr q.)
    xeHa 3pr',re a 1950 r. rurs I-l3C lUose. AJrHHbrtanofi nJIorHHbr npH Bblcore ee a_
    o
    Oua npeAcraBJrner xereso6eroHHyro 35 M orasaJracb ua 20 % ueHrure crou-
    nJIOTHHyC no.IOCTSMH,3arpyX{aeMbrMH MocrH KaMeHHo-Ha6pocnoftnJrorHHbr.
    soAofi H rp),HToM. Bucora nJroruHbr B npoeKrHbrx paapa6orxax Tyryp-
    MOXET H3MCHgTbCfl B 3ABHCHMOCTH OT cxofi [I3C 1974 r. nDerJro]KeHHan.naB-
    pe.nreQaAHa or 30 ao 100r*rH AoJrx(Ha Hofi 6.nox nJrorrHbl rpeneuenAarruofi
    nporHBocrosrb oxeaucxofrBo.rrHe, uAy- Sopt'tlt (pnc. 13.8, 6).
    ueft us JIa-MaHrua.fl.nornuacocrour H3 B npoexreKoranreH-L[eHry 1982r.
    c6opHux xereso6eroHHbrx a.neueuioo, t3021 Bo3BeAeHHeorpaxAalourux KoIIb-
    asyloulHx OnoKH pa3MepaMu 52 x UeBbrx n.rIorHH Ha rryoHHax Ao lZ M
    x 26X38 u. Vxaeassue 3JreMeHrbr
    Ao- npHHHToH3 xeJle3o6erosnux flqeHcrbrx

    ,5
    qt
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    \
    I-EecopTHpoEaHHHA Marepfian; 2--6xtyuxsnpoeaHxufi necox; 3-KaMeHHar xa6pocxa xas 6eros-
    xue xy6u 20-40 r.

    t48
    Prrc. 13.9. Orpax4arouran nflorrHa H3 HanrasHbrx 6,roxoe n3C Koraxren-l-[enrp, npoeKr
    1982 r.

    HanJTaBHHX 6IOKOB BbtCOTOfiOKO.rrO30 M sHaqnrqlrHofi rrporflxeHHocrH nJroru-


    (pnc. 13.9). nu (HanpnMep, s M$eHcrcou aalune),
    C.ne4yer orMeruTb, qro B npoeKTax nsr6op cnoco6a Bo3BeAeHHq nroruHbl
    n3C HaflnaBHofi cnoco6 Bo3BeAeHHs npno6peraer petuatoqee 3HaqeHHeAJrR
    NJIOTHH B OTTHqHE OT AHAJIOTHIIHOIO CNO. o6ocHosaHus Bcero coopyxeHur, no-
    co6a eosseAeHur sAanr.rfi He HaueJr uru- cKo.rrbKyBeAeHHepa6or Ha Mecre o6xo-
    poKoro rrpuMeHeHur. 3ro o6rlcxaercR, Psc. 14.1. O6urnft BHA crpolrr€JlbHblx AoKoB a.Its LI3roroBJreHHfl ycroeB .aau6u BocrriqHofi
    AHTcs BecbMaAoporo.Hanpur'.tep, B yc. IIIelrau
    oqeBHAHO,3HaqHTe.[bHbrM pacxoAoM )Ke- rroBuflx MeseHcxofi n3C Bo3BeAeHHe nJrG
    .nego6erounux xoucrpyxuHfi Ha I v rHHhr flSC a.nuHofi 80 KM rpaAHrrHoHHbrM
    ,4IIHHbI NJIOTHHbI (HANPUUCP,AJIf TY. cnoco6or'l Hs rpyHToBbrx MarepHaJroB eue nrar@pMbr Arq Ao6uqu xeQrn B o6garosalrHoft BMecre co [rrJIp3oM ne-
    rypcxofi n3C aro cocraBJrfler 1000, a Moxer cocraBHrb 20 o/ocMerbr H 3arpyA- Mecropo)KAeHHHOpHr Bo3BoAHJrHcbB pevuuxofi Ha pa3Mep ocaAKri Bo3BoAH-
    npH 3aMeHe FpvHToBbrMHMaTepHAilaMH Hrer 3KoHoMHrIecKoeo6ocHoeaHueco. crpoureJrbHoM AoKe 3p4afiH fIofinr Moro coopyx(eHHq. IIo oxonqanvfi pa6or
    1300 u3 ua6pocxu) H coorBercrBeHHo opyxeHHs n3C. floarouv 3Aecb pac- (lllor.naH,qun), pas.u,eJIeHHoM
    Ha ABa Kor- s o6earosaHuurfi yqacroK 3aKaquBaer-
    6onuruefi crouMocrbto (a.nn yc.nonufi cMarpHBaercs HoeHfi cnoco6 co3AaHHt roBaHa. Crponre.nbHbreAoKH TaKxe Ha- cf BoAa,coopyxeHHe BcnJrbrBaeT H nepe-
    Tyrypcxofi nAC 32 ruc. py6. npn x(eJre-
    a^Aamuulrv lf| -,.^
    nporflxeHHbrx nJrorHH n3C B3pbrBoM 3brBapr KoB[raMH,noAqepKHBaflHx oqep- BOAHTCqB UtJItO3, n@Jre qero ypOBeHb
    JwLrvnnD ^unLtpJnr{nrtl\ n lJ tDtL.
    c npHMeHeHHeMXOHUeHTpHpOBaHHbtX TaHHe H BpeMeHHOe 3HaqeHHe. BOAbr noHHXaroT AO eCTeCTBeHHOfO H
    py6. npu ua6pocxe).
    3apffAoB. 3ro no3BoJrHT vMeHbuHTb Crpor.rre.rbHbreAoKH Bo3BoARTAByx coopvxeHHe H3 uJrrosa qep€ npop€b
    Ha no6epexunx, rAe crBopur IISC THNOB: AOK H TUJIP3-AOK;B AOKE CTA- BbrBoAHrcflHa aKBaropuro (pnc. 14.2,6).
    pacnoJroxeuH B ueo6xurux pafiouax oroHMocrb ycrpoficraa raKHx nJrG
    ne.[bHoe Mecro, Ha KoTopoM Bo3BoAHTcg B unrc3-AoKe Bo3BeAeHHe HanJraB-

    noA BOAy, 0 B runrc3-AoKe OHO pacno- cnnaHHposaHHoft craneluHoft nnoqaA-


    rIAEA JloxeHo Ha He3aTon.rlfeMbrx oTMeTKax. K€, TorAa KaK B 4oxe rpe6yercfl ycr-
    11
    floarouy B AoKe HedxoAHMo ycrpoficrno poftcreo KorJroBaHa H BoAoorJIHBa H3
    nPoH3BOACTBOPA6OT Ha BCeBpeMffCTpOHTerrbCTBaBOAOOTJIHB- Hero. Bur6op Mexqy HHMHoflpeAerf,ercq
    nofi cucreuu, a B unp3-AoKe Her. Or- ycJIoBHflMHCTpOHTeJTbCTBa H XapaKTepH-
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    TeJrbHbrepa3MepbrAoKoB B nJraHe H pa3- crpouTgrrbHuft Aox orropaxuBaercq or Qu.rrsrpyrouraxrpyHroB cneAyer Becrn


    CoopyxeHne HanJraBHbrxKoHcrpyt(- BoAbr nepeMbrqKofi, ocyruaercr, H B HeM pafuTbr B runro3-AoKe.
    /qeJIeHHeHx no KorJIoBaHav. Tax, 4la
    tlxft Belercq B crpouTqrrbHbtx AoKax, BeAyr coopyxeHae o6r'exra, nocJre qero flpu eoaeegeHnu HanJraBHbrxKoHcr-
    6eroHuponatrfl 66 HanJraBHbrx ycroeB
    KOTQpbIeB OTJTHqHeOT CTaUHOHapHbTX AOK 3aTanJrHBatOT, B nepeMblqKe Ae- pyxuuft Anc 6orrburuxr.ny6HHB AoKax
    nporuBorxropuonoft nJrorHHbr B ycrbe
    cyxnx AoKoB HcnoJrb3yrorcs o6ur.rHo JIarcT npope3b u o6rexr BbrBoArr Ha aK- Bbrnq,rHseTcsTorrbKo qacTb coopyxe-
    BocroqHofi [IIe;lsAur B HH,[eplaHaax
    TcubKo Ae,Ig'
    KoHKpernoro o6rexra H HMe- Baropnro (puc. 14.2, a'). Taxuu cnoco6ortr HHfl,, a 4ocrpofrKa ero Ha Bcto Bbrcory
    tl38l Hcro.,rb3oBaJracbHa"ura" rJro-
    rcT ynpou(enHoe ycrpoficrno (aeulrHue Bo3BoAHJrHcb HanJraBgbre 6.noxu Bo-
    rrIaAKa 4 x 4 xrr,r, Ha xorcpoft 6amu rpon3BoAHrcq Ha nJraBy (Hanpnuep,
    orKocbr BMecro xe.lt€oderoHHbilx creH, AonponycKHoro coopylr(eHHf B KoMrrJIeK-
    npopmb B3aMeH Bopor c 6aronoprcu). ycTpoeHbr TpH cTpoHTe.rrbHbtxAoKa c 6ypoauren.narQopr,,rbr
    AJrr Ao6uqu HeQrr.r
    ce 3auIHTbr JleuxHrpaAa or nanoAHesuft
    B crpouTerbHoM AoKe Bce HanJraBHbre KorJroBaHaMH800 x 250 u, sar.ny6- ( p u c .1 4 . 3 ) . n CenepuoMMopeBbrBoArrcrtH3 AoKoBB
    6utoxu Moryr coopyx(arbcfl oAHoBpe- r r e H H b r MH a 1 5 r ' r ( p u c . 1 4 . l ) , a 6 y p o - B unp3-AoKe pa6orot BeAyrcfl Ha Cranaurepeu 3paafiHflofiur H Aocrpan-
    r50 He3aron.lfleuoficrangrunoft nJroulaAKe. Barorcs B 3aroHe).
    151
    w{sli

    ffii

    Pnc. 14.2. Cxeruu crpoHre.rrbHr,rx aoxott:


    d-- crporTeJrcHufi ,q,or (Kucnory6cxas FISC); 6 - crpoxre.nbHuft urrro3-.qox (KanosepcKgfi TyfiHerb B
    J I e H H H r p a , u , e ) ;/ - u r a r o s ; 2 - c t a n e ; r u n o c Mecro; J-sanrassute 6rorn:4-nepevbtr{Ka; 5-npopc:.rr,:
    6 - ypoaeru no,llKarrxr Artf, nepeBoAa 610r(ct8 B rtrnn3-.llo]i

    CrponreauHurfi 4ox AJrfl coopy)KeHHfl Ha- Huro 40X95 ru, sar.ny6renne noA HTV Ha
    nraBHoro 3AaHHs Knc;rory6cxofi l-l3C (36x 4,3 ru. Orxocul saJroxeHHeM l:2,2 yxpenae-
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    r H - a M o p e
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    cToflulee BpeMn BHoBb (n xoropHfi y>xe cKoJrbKHxafperaToB npoH3o[rJlo Kaca-
    pasl) 3aMopo)KeH, ll3c PaHc paccMar- HHe poTopa H cTaTopa, KoTopoe B oA-
    pHBaJracb Bo Bce roAbr ee cyulecrBoBa- HoM cryqae npnBeJro K no)Kapy. npH-
    HHfl KaK gTaJrOH,Ha OCHOBe KOTOpO|O pe- qraHofiaroro Kacaur,tflflBHJIocbHeAocra-
    +T.:!
    [IaJracb npo6JreMancnoJlb3oBaHHfl npH- TOr{HO npoqHoe KpenJIeHHe UInOHOK,
    JTHBHOfi sHepfHH B ApyrHX CTpaHaX, V
    Quxclrpyloultrx rroJlo)r{eHHe MaFHI{To-
    3TO qBHrOCb CTHMyJIOM A,Iff COCTaBJIeHHf
    npoBoAa,K Kopnycy reHeparopa. Xorq
    Bo Opauuaa prAa npoeKroB n3C B 3TA AEQOPMAUHff qBHflACb CJICACTBHCM
    IO>xHofi Kopee, Ancrpanuu u ApreH- SJIeKTpOMaTHHTHbTX U MeXaHHqeCKHX
    r H H e H y q a c r H r r Q p a u u y a c K H xQ H p M n Hanpfl)KeHr.rfi
    npu nepexoAHbrxpex(HMax
    cner{HaJrHcroB B rrpoeKrHpoBaHHH n3c e c acHHxpoHHbrMHnycKaMH B Hacoc-
    KaHaAe v Be.nuxo6pHTaHHv. Huenso Hbrxpex(HMaxH acHHXpoHHbrMBKJrroqe-
    noaroMy na I-l3C Pasc 6trnu rpoBeAeHbl HHeMB ryp6aHnux pex(HMax fl3C, aHa-
    o6uHpHbre HccJIeAoBaHHf , Ha Koropbte JrofuqHbre AeQeKTbr6unn o6Haoyxeulr
    o/o cTolrMo-
    3arpal{eHo 80 rra.rrH. Qp. (0 H Ha feHepaTopaxKancyJrbHbrxafpefa-
    cru ll3C). Hau6oaee BaxHbIM pe3yJtb- roB peqHbrx f3C. flpe, 3KcnJryarat\uu
    TATOM 3THX HCCJICAOBAHI,Ift gBTflETCq
    reHeparopa 6ulr.r raKx(e o6HapyxeHsr
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    KO nOTOMy, r{TO OHH fBJIfltOTCfl(CepA- conpoTHBJIeHHflLr3OJIflUHr.r, noBpe)KAe-
    ueM) n3C, Ho H noroMy, rITogru arpera- HHe 4eunQepuofi o6l,rorxr.r), Koropbre
    rbr, co3AaHHbrea.nq fl3C PaHc n Bnep- 5sr.nn 6ucrpo yAarreHbr 12271. PeuoHr
    Bbre Ha Heft ycraHoBJreHHbre, noJIyqH"IIrr cTaTopoBnpoBoAHncflnocTeneHHoc eAH-
    rilfipoKoe pacnpocTpaHeHHeHa HH3Ko- HOBpeMeHHbrM BbTBOAOM TpeX Ma[rHH.
    HanopHbrx f3c. E.naro,qapn roMy, qro Ha ocraJrbHbrx
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    He 6buro o6uapyxeHo KaKHx-JIH6onpn- Kr.rKpenJreHHfcTaropa reHepaTopa 6br-
    3HAKOB KABHTAUHI,I HA
    6uunofi KaMepbr H Jroracrefi pa6ouero poHbr Kopnyca, oHr.rMorJru pa6orart n
    KOJICCA, I{TO gBJIflCTC'I CICACTBI{CM NPH- TeqeHr.reBcero BpeMeHH,npaBAa, c Hc-
    MeHeHHf MeAHO-aJTTOMHHHeBOTO CnJIa- Krror{eHueMHacocuoro H o6paTHoro ryp-
    Ba Ailfl Jronacrefi 12 ryp6uu, Hepx{aBero- 6uusoro pex(rrMoB.3ro noseoJrHJro Ao
    rrreficranu l714 (17 % Cr, 4 % Ni) a.rrs MHHHMyMa (72-84 96) cnecru cHHxeHHe
    Jronacrefi ocraJrbHbrx ryp6HH u crailr4 roToBHocTHafpeFaToB H noTepr4 sHep-
    (18 % Cr, 8 % Ni) Aas o6rHuoBKH ruu (ta7 aer 100 I'Br . u). tlepexoA Ha
    Typ6HHHbrxKaMep. 9TOT nepHOA Ha OAHOCTOpOHHTOTO pa-
    : _ Bce 24 anperara orHocureJlbHo6brcr- 6ory 6ee HacocHbrx poKHMoB 6rr.n uc-
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    P r c ! 5 . 1 1 O 6 r u u r ie H a l " l 3 C P a H c pn Ha Heo6brqHocTb cBoefiKoHcTpyKur4H, pe)r(HMa(cu.$ 15.5).PeuoHro6oruercq e
    b 6^rr^tr"^ l tn .,-,, ,r-^ t,,-,^^ tnoD - \ --
    D rEYtnleE rrEP.EDr/|\ .AEr Jr\LrrJlJarl4r{nn rrvM./rn.urP. \n.yPL rlr()dt./t n rrurpc-
    floc,re BHeN{KH 200 ruc. rta3rpynra B Kor- B K J r r o q eB H 3Heprocucrelry.4/Xtl 1967 r. AOCTH|JIHBbtCOKOfi|OTOBHOCTH,6nUgXOfi 6onan yBeJIHqeHr.rrcroaMocrH aHeprHH
    JroBaHe Haqa,'rocbcoopyxenHe s4aur.rx IISC tsBeAeH B 3Kcn,rryaraquronocne1nHft H3 24 ar' x 95 o/0.V xe e 1973- 1974r r . Ha ar - fl3C Ha 20 o/o, Ho nocJre Hero IISC ne-
    ( p x c . 1 5 . 1 0 ) , x o r o p o e f r p o A o n x ( a f l o c b2 8 r u e ca peraroB. Bcero Ha coopvxeHHe [I3C Pasc peraTax6unu ocyu{ecTBJreHbr
    BcecJrox(- perxla Ha HopMaJrbHyro3KcnrryaTauHro.
    norpe6oaa.ro 250 rurc. ir,tl6eroHa n l4 rorc. 6 r , u r o H 3 p a c x c . 4 o B a H3 o5 0 T b r c . M s 6 e r o u a ,
    T CTA,'IH. l 6 r u r c . r c r a J rn s 2 7 5 r s r c . M 2 o n a . n y 6 x u . H a
    Hble IIHKJIbI pa6oru, o6ecne,{Hsalolqge B pelKr'rMepa6oru fI3C, paccrrn-
    lglvIll 1966 r. nocre 5 .ner crpoHreJrb- c r p o H r e n b c r e e 6 H " : o : l aHf l T o 9 0 0 p a 6 o vt l x . HCKJIIOI{
    HTEJIbHYIO TH6KOCTbCCSKCNJIYA- TaHHoMHa 3BM, o6parHaa HacocHar
    c r B a n e p R b t f tx a n c v ; l u H u f t a r p e r a r P a n c 6 u r O 6 u t n f ts n l l - 1 3 ( lP a n c j t a x H a p u c . 1 5 .| | . raurr. flpu eroM 6un AocrnrHyr rrpo- pa6ora HcKroqeHa 12371,a ABycropoH-
    I84 r85
    HnP. pa6oTa onpaB/iaHa npH H3MeHeHHH Ta 6aHua 15.L Bosnoxnocrx npHBoArlrB cyMMeK norepH3,5 yo3Hep- Ha 3KOHOMHT{eCKr.r 8BH,ny ue6o;tuurofi
    c r o H M _ o c T H3 H e p F H H B T e q e H H ec y T o K K a n c y J t b H o raor p € r a r a P a x c [ 1 2 6 1
    Ig2l- rnul |1261. pa3HHUbrMeXAy CTOHMOCTbTO 3HeprHH.
    I locroqHHblfi KOHTpOJTb B TeqeHHe Vs ta6fl. 15.2 BHAHo, vro pa6ora eupa6arusaevofi I-l3C u 3arpaqHBaeuofi

    : ls,
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    pyxeHHaff E{
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    280 o/o tll7l. 3ro nosBorrrer yBeJrnqnrb
    cpeAHroroMourHocrbfl3C c 45 ao 65 MBr
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    AHa.nHsycaonufi pa6orbr n3C B tl26l H aupa6orry Ha 33 o/o (c 381
    Typ6uuruft: 1973-1974 rr. u nocrrepeMonra1982r.,
    npnuoft (ua 6ac- .qo 507 fBr . ,{/roa). [lp" 3rnx ycJro-
    871r t0-- KOrAa6WAUHaU6O.nee noJrHopeaJrH3oBa- BHsx, xaaaaocs 6u, Her HHqero napa-
    ceriHan uope) 275
    o6paruuft (na 13-l I 731I l5- Hbtee Bo3Mox{HocTH, BbtflBHJIABe npHqH- AOKCanbHOfoB pa6ore HacocoB B qacbt
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    Hacocsnfi: Hofi anpa6orKa : KoJre6auus cpeAHeroAo- qBrnrorcr orpaHuqeHuR sacocHofi pa_
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    pe) H3MeHeHHe pexHMa sKcnJryararlufi n3C
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    * Bbrcora
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    B peeynlrare npHHflrbrx naepn'o6o- BerHqHHax npfiJrHBa: rax, npi A:7_10
    npfi pa3rHrrnbrx
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    eTcff 6ecnpeqe4eHTHbrM AJrfl no4o6Hux
    pa3Ao paHbue, (ecJrH 6u IISC pa6ora- cfl BbtcoKag nrtpa6orxa r 3TH rlachlr
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    ffoxasatean I

    I rszr 1977 I 978 | 979 I980 I 983/| 984


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    AuaMerpa 5,35 rr,r AoruJIH B npoexTax
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    TaroqHe_no npHHqHIIy AsofiHOro npH- Kas, KoMHccHscrpaH O6qero pHHKa IIIose. Taxas Asyx6acceftHosaqcxeMa cefiHosoft cxeMe ecrecrBeHHoro pHTMa I'I
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    qnana ra rpe6oaan coopyxeHufl Aonon-
    IrrHe H orBoAsutue KaHaJrbro6pasyrorca THHbrnpoxoAHTHa Klre B BHAeAyrH oT Mex(Ayo. IIIose H fpaunuey^IpeAy-
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    207
    206
    i4ueuHoroeroMy s lg82 r. eHoss 6Hn MeHHbrxycnoBucx Heo6xoAHMovqecrb, ITIHMH BO3MOx(HOCTflMH PeryJlHpOBa-
    paccMorpeHnpoexr IIOC KoraHreu _ qTo K 1980 r. nHKoBaqMourHocrbB qacbt Hns (o6utr.rii o6ter'r BoAoxpaHnauut i-3C
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    Kaxo, B KoropoMB rreJlrx H3qrrsunu no- no KoopAHHauHHnpoH3BOACTBa H nepe- aHepruu), 6raroAapx KoTopbrMoHH Mof-
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    KoJIbrIeBofiAau6u 4.nuuofi 69 xr*l o6pa- vqacrBoBaro B MexHaunoHd.truou o6- HeHHqKoTauteH - n3C Be.nHxo6pura-
    3oBaJIHcbABa 6accefiua [nou{a.{bto tto 36 I-Br (no nupa6orxe 71,5 fBr'u),
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    pacnorox(eHH BoAonponycKHbre coopy-
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    [263]:
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    rroArBep)KAaercr peuenue 196l r. [9], nocru o6ueua n3C Korasrcu - cKaH- KoMnJreKcaMourHocrsro 50 fBr sxarcqa-
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    CTH. MexcH3Hruftsoe penynHpoBaHHe IISC yBernrreHus paccronHufi nepeAaqu Ao Enponu, oxBarHBaroulue rarcKe Cxas-
    B 1976 r. 6una cAeJraHa erqe oAHa Koraureu B BoAoxpanuJrHulax cKaHAH- 1500-2000 ru. OAHaKo onblr npoeKrn- AHHaBHro. B BoAoxpaHuflHulax ernx
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    ror coorBercrBeHHo 355-260 H 95 - nDH cDer,HeftcronuocrH sHeprHH a CIIIA n
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    BercrBypqHx rer.
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    )Ke 3KoHoMHqecKHHe o6ocHosaHHsre JrHcb ryp6nHu MoulHocrbro scero 345
    HeaxonouHrrHocrb grux npoeKToB
    IIpoeKrbr. MBr. I-lpu arou BMecro HcnoJrb3oBaHHt
    18.1.2. [lpoexrsr Manbrx l-l3C c 3drHae ycyny6.nnercn raKxe H KoHcepBarHB-
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    THpoBaHHaff MourHocrb cocraBllqer 555 6urro onpaBAarb. fpynna xnrenefi no-
    peraroB 6ulu npHMeHeHbrKancyJrbHbre HepoB 1979 r. Ha ocHoBaHHHpaccMor-
    I'Br u nrtpa6orra 3,06 TBr.q. ce.rrKa(500 anopoa), o6c.ny)KHBaroulHx
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    213
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    t Ltpa rul a r rv. r r r t . naaltltt.'nq-
    JrrnDnnA rqnvDvn vvvq Lrlrvtr rvru!
    AErJ ./|,VCr\.LEnnt,IrEtrA JL u{aAbrc 780 xr,rzcoeAHHeHc MopeMy3KHM
    B 3arl. Arrrxepcrs 1912n. qepe Quacxo ToMTexHHqecKoro nporpeccas ernx o6- npo.rrnBoM MelKAy MbrcaMn EyaHoc-Afi-
    Haqaroro H sa6pourennoroB 1936 r. coBercKofttrloAe.tuuc-
    JracrflxH BJIHffHHs pec H l(nuopx. Aeuna npoJrHBa7 r<M,
    crpoHreJrbcrsaflSC Ksogrl Ao coBpe- norrb3oBaHHfl .npu.nunHofiaHeprHH[9J, n"ny6nna 22-54 u.
    MCHHbIX TEXHHqECKH H 3KOHOMHqECKH onbrra crpor,rrenbcrBa Kuc.rrory6cxofi B npoeKre [3C, paspa6oraHHoM B Pnc. 19.1. BosMoxHue crBopbr FISC na no-
    o6ocHosaHHrrx npoeKToB tlSC B 3ar. llSC s n3C Parrcno Opanuuu.floHstHo, 6epexuRx ApreurHHu u BeJrnqnrraI I p H J I H B O B B
    1928 r. HTaJrbflHcKHM HHxeHepoMl-lrnA-
    OaHAn MourHocrbro B MHJIJIHoHbIKHJto- rrro B 3THx ycJIoBHflxoduleaHeprerHqec- HHI

    229
    228
    3ror npoexr He 6bu ocyuecrBren, Han6o.nee noJlHYlo PeaJlH3auHK)
    TA'1 llA'1 \rn.\Eraul. arrAl/Tnnnn"rnAf\nAurr- suanrn rr..rpurrrre
    J l r L H r v r . v r ! . . q . r s r . q
    n2 fo;rsrbo-
    - - - - - T -
    r"..". 1/vwrLrrn}| "anHRoR
    (l TBr-u) He Mof nonJrorr{rbBbrpa6aru- Hyeno n CaH-Xoce MoxHo noJIlIqHTb
    BaeMyrcnpHJrHBHyro sHepfr{to. no cxeMe, npe4.noxeHHofiB 196l f.
    B 1959 r'. B npoeKre, paspa6oraH- EepHurrefiHorrl [9], c HcnoJIb3oBaHHeM
    HoM SOGREAH (<DpaHuun) no HAee 3aJrHBoB no o,[Ho6acceftHosofi cxeMe
    3ppar',rycne, npeAnGrrararocb pacnorrG ABycropoHHefo AeficrBHr c reM, qro6ur
    xnrb ilSC B KaHaJre nepeuefixa norryqeHHyroMourHocrr(18 fBr) H sHep-
    (puc. 19.2) ruex<Ay3aflHBaMHCau-Xoce ruro (46 TBr.u) uanpanurb B Mex(HauH-
    H fo.nuQo-HysBo. CeqeHue KaHara oHaJrbHHe 3HeprocHcreMbllo)Kuofi Ar'le-
    8 rbrc. M2, tuHpHHa(no 1H1') 292 u n 7 H K H . O A u a x o r o r A a u r H u f i( 1 9 6 1 r . )
    AJTHHa7 xu. E.narogaprr cABHr)' Ha 5 q ypoBeHb nepeAa'IH 3HeprHHH He6orb-
    Qasu npHJrHBaB 3aJrHBax fo.nrQo-Hy- luoe MecrHoe norpe6nenue He coorBer-
    eBo H Can-Xoce H pa3Hocrrr xoaQQHqH- crBoBa.nH cxeMe raKoro uacurra6a. He-
    eHToBnpHrHBa (cpe.qHnnBer'tHr{HHa npH- peaJrbHbrMnpeAcTaBJIflJIoCb H nepeKpbl-
    flHBa no KoHrIaM nepeueftxa cocrasrq- rHe nporuBa Can-Xoce r.ny6nHoIi Ao
    er 5,12 s 3,66 rrl)cos4aercfl Bo3Mo)KHocrb 100 rtr HanJIaBHbIM 3AaHHer'r I-13C. B sa- Pnc 19.3.tlo6epe)Kbeurara fyAxapar H
    no.ltyqeHHs HenpepueHofi MoulHocrH, cToflulee BpeMf 3KcnJlyaTHpytoTcs JtH- crBopbrtlSC e 3aJrHBax
    Ka,{ x Kau6eftcxorrr
    H3MeHflrorqeficsor 900 ao 1000 MBr HHA 3JreKTponepeAar{H Hanpt)KeHHeM
    ( p n c . 1 9 . 2 , 8 ) , un u r p a 6 o r x u1 , 5 - 2 T B r x 700 KB, HanJIaBHbIen.narQopurulycra- 20 rer oHa yBeJHqHracb c 17 ao
    Xuiro4. B sAaHr.tH [I3C a.nnnofi 1500 r'1, HaBJIHBarorcq Ha r.ny6nHaxB corHn Mer- 140 TBr.u), aueprerHKa He yAoBJrerBo-
    pacnofloxeHHoM B ycrbeBofi vacrH xa- poB, npoeKTnpyercfl 3AaHHe llesxus- prrer Bce norpe6HocrH l{apoAHoro xo-
    HaJraco cropoHbr safl. CaH-Xoce, ycra- cxoft n3C Anq 60-N,{erpoBbtx r"ny6uu, a ssficrea HuAww. B erux ycroBnqx no-
    HaBJIHBanrcff50 Kanc)'JtbHbrxarpera- Ha p. flapaua nocrpoeHaf3C Kopnyc- HrrTHO, no'{eMy npoBoAHMbleB ApyfHx
    ToB THna n3C Panc MoulHocrbro no Kpucru MoulHocrbro 6 fBr, crpourcfl cTpaHaxHccJreAoBaHHs, npoeKTHpoBa-
    -_._go_xgzEo 12 MBr npu Dr : 8 u H qacrore Bpaqe- f3C Vrafiny MourHocrbto 12 fBr, 6y- HHe v crpoHTerbcrBo n3C BbI3BarH
    nun70 o6lrr,rnn. B npoexre npeAycMorpe- Ayr nocrpoeHbl rcc MoulHocrblo HHTepecK HcnoJIb3oBaHHpnpn.nunnofi
    Ha fA3C. }ry cxer*lyAonorHnrH Apyrue 30 fBr H yxe co3AaHHJTUHHH 3JIeKTpo- 3HeprHH s Vu4nu, oco6eHHo B turare
    usr6 ! t2 181ztt {
    aBropbr ll40l. B npoeKre Pogpureca nepeAaqu B paAHyce 1000-2000 xu or f1'Dxapar, fAe 5,6 rutc. xru 6eperonofi
    l-- , l I
    t'ffin* 3AaHHe[I3C pacnoJraraercff BAoJrb Ka- Can-Xoce. B arux ycroBHqx MolKer6utrs JTHHHH (60 % nporrxeHHocrut no6epexsn
    HaJrac yBeJHrreHHeM qHc"qaafperaToB H ocyurecrBJreHo MexcH3HrHfisoe pe- crp anur)oMbrBaercflBoAaMH Apanuficxoro
    6)
    nupa6orxu ao 2,4-3,7 TBr.,{. Jlou{aros rynupoBaHne He roJIbKotI3C Can-Xoce Mopr c BbrcoKHMn (ao l0 u) npHJIHBaMH
    AonoJrHfler npeAbrAyulyro cxeMy BoAo- (7 ru.nH. xBr), xo u [I3C fo.nrQo-Hyano (pHc.19.3).
    Pnc. 19.2.IISC Can-Xoceu Fo.nrrpo-Hyeao: nponycKHbrMHnJroruHaMHHa nxo4e n o6a ( l l r - , r . n ux.B r ) . EuIe B 1965 r. fiexrana"ua npeAJIox(HJr
    c - naaH 3aJrHBoB; 6 - coeueuennurl rpaSxx ypoa 3aJIHBa,qTO AaeT YBe[HqeHHeMOUIHOCTH BoeN{oxHo raK)I(e BKrIoqeHHeB 3Ty B 3a,'r.Ka,{, B 3cryapHn p. KaHAfla - oA-
    Hefi gaaxBog n xoulnocru l-l3C
    Ao 1,2 fB rs sH pa6orxuA o l 0 TB r.q. cucreMy il npHJrHBHbrx sJleKTpocraHuufi soft H3 MHofoqHcJIeHHbrx peK, BnaAa-
    s 1972 r. n exbe Boaguanu. BonDoco co3- rotIIHx B 3a,fiH onrr ue6oJlblrlvK)
    HOBKy npflMOTOrIHbtX afpenaToB, HMerc- AaHHH Koropbrx n 6yxrax Eeleue (rr,tarc- I-l3C c n.noruuoftAnuHofi1500 u B pyc-
    (8 n l0 r'r). MourHocru n3C I fBr, ulnx D, or 7 Ao 9 M, H, HaKoHerr,no cHMaJIbHbIfi npunua 5,94 r*,r),Can-"rlyup ne r.ny6HHoft 10-20 M, Koropan o6pa-
    BHpaforKa 3,65 TBr.qrfoA H npn Ha- cxeMe, paepa6oraHHofiB 1978 r. focy- (7,8 rrr), Hrasn (8,16 r',r)paccuarptBalr- syer 6accefiH ArlrHoft I I xrtl H rlJlou{aAbro
    JTHqHHflOTpeor.rrerefi
    Mox(er 6urr yee- AapcTBeHHbrM npoeKTHbrMynpaBJreHHeM, cn eule s 1956 r. 3,5 xu2 (puc. 19.4) ll30l. 3Aecr npeA-
    nHrreHaAo 8,9 TBr. q. B npoeKrenpH- KaHaJrpacuHpaeTcr AJrfl nponycKa pac- .flp n noAnMbreAaHHbreop HeHTHpoBoq- no.laraJrocb ycraHoBHTb qeTilpe Kan-
    HflTa OpHrHHaIbHaf KOHCTpyKUHfl 3Aa- xoAoB 200 rnrc. ru3/cnpu ycraHonxe 106 Hbt H 3aBbIIIreHbI,TaK )I(e KaK 3TO OKa- cynbHbrx arperaTa c noBopoTHo-Jlonacr-
    HHfl (cu. pnc. 4.2, s). HHrepec npeA- arperaroB no 50 MBr, r{To yBeJHqHBaer 3aJrocb.Ailn 3ail. @aHAu,Ho, HecMorpq H n n t p a 6 o q u MK o l l e c o u D r : 5 M H npH
    cTaBJrseT SHepreTHqecxaflqacTb flpoeK- MoulHocrbtlSC ao 5,3 fBr, a nupa6orxy Ha 3To, npHJrHBHbre aHepropecypcbrIOx- A : 7 ,27 M (A : 5 r'.r) no-
    Ta, npeABocxHTHBurarcoBpeMeHHbre pe- Ao 21,9 TBr.v (c yueror'r |ASC MouIHo- nofi Arr,lepHKH,fJraBuuntr o6paaou ApreH- "o"r, MourHocrb 20 MBr.
    rryqHrb ",
    lueHHs: npeAycMarpHBaJracb pa6ora crbro 2,5 fBr). OAnaxo 3ror npoeKr, oc- THHbt,npH HX HCnOJIb3OBaHHH B paMKaX B 1975 r. aurnnficxufi arcnepr BH"u-
    [I3C cosMecrno c l3C H T3C, *oropore HosaHHHfiHa cxeMe l(epepaua, KaK no- Mex<HauaoHaJrbHono aHepronorpe6ne- coH, npHrJrar.xeuuurftflpaBHTeJIbcrBoM
    AonxHH 6u.nu KoMneHcr{poBaTbna}/3br wA2qfl r)nklT r. r. nr l". "\ p. k. rT.ul nr rvl a
    v tgurr rr ( l , l o 't|qvu!1 rJrJ <t f,ralF\r'r u rra.r.r- 6nnr-rrtnp npn/.
    " '^"r
    npk'rr,I p,- HH:Hl.r B KaqecrBe r"[aBhr nporpaMMbr
    reHepHpoBaHHs 3HeprHH oAuo6accefi- fI3C eo @paHuau (o'l. r;r. l7), rpe6yer HOe3HaqeHHe. OOH no rexHur{ecKoMvcorpyAHHqecr-
    HoBofi n3C ABycropoHHenoAeficrBHfl, a HeonpaBAaHHo 6oJIb[IHX 3arpar Ha ycT- B),, noAroroBHn AoK.4aA 12871, B Ko-
    HenorJtoIIleHHbte cncreuofi HMnvJIbcbr poftcrno KaHa.ra (1,5 MJrpA. Aoflrr. B 19.2. I'1HAAfl TOpOM paCCMaTpHBaJIHCb BO3MOX(HOCTH
    npunHBHoft 3HeprHH npe.q.naraaoiu Hc- qeHax 1975 r., r. e. 60 06 o6urefi croH- crpoureJrbcrga flSC Ha no6epexrsx HH-
    noJIb3oBarb Aflq HacocHbtx craHuprft rtrocrn), o6ecneqHsapulero nponycK He- Heo-rorpr Ha 6ucrpufi pocr Bbtpa- AHHB [Irare l-yAxapar u Ha no6epex(be
    opolueHHfl. o6xoAr.ruux pacxoAoB BoAbr. 6orxn s.rreKTpo3HeprHH (sa noc"rreAHHe Eesra.nscxoro 3arHBa. ByayuH cropoH-
    230 23r
    BaeMbre 3aJrHBbr BnaAaroT peKH c Bbrco- Ta 6lHua 1 9 . 1 . T e x a n x o - o K o n o M [ q e c K r en o K a r a r e a n I I 3 C ,
    KHM 3HeprOnOTeHUHaJrOM H 6OrbUrHMH npeAnoxeurbrx Ha no6epextnx urara l-yaxrapar [2591
    BO3MOXHOCTTTMH AJrfl CTpOHTeJbCTBa
    Kax6ef,crHfi saJHs
    f3C c perynHp yrouruMH BoAoxpaHHaHula- (pxc. 19.5)
    Ilorasaterrl
    ruu.!,ax sar. Kaq uu 6uno npeAJro)r(eHo
    l-^z- tn t\
    (TaoJ-i. iv.iJ TpH BapHaHTa - cTBopbr
    Kr, K, n K (puc. 19.4) u ABa crBopa
    Cr,Cr 6.nsar." ExaaHanap n Karrr6eficxorvr /"p"", 10,29 I0,29 7, t 7 7, 1 7
    A.o 6,8 6,8 5,3 5,3 5,3 5,45
    3 a r r u B e( p u c . I 9 . 5 ) . 26 32,1
    n n u s a c r B o p a ,K M 26 3l 34 3+25
    ,If,.nap ea.nu3a\Hu npeAJro)Kenr.rfi Aox- I'ay6nHa B crBope, M 29 27 t3 l3 l3
    raAa 6u.nu co3AaHbrABa KoMnrera: no I-l.noutaAr 6acceftna, xu2 t972 t75l 639 538 278
    rexuuqecxofi KoopAHHarIHHB paMKax VcraHosreHHasMourHocrr,fBr 7,3 5,5 1,2 t,2 0,6
    loAosaq oupa6orra, TBr.q 15,4 il,6 3 3 1,3
    flerirpa.nrHoro 3HeprerHqecKono ynpaB- Cronnocrr, MrpA. pynnft lg,2 0,6 0,5
    JIeHHffH KoHcynbrarHBHo-xourpo.nuurrfi Cronuocru I xBr-.r, pynnfi:
    noA pyKoBoAcTBOMMHHHCTpa3Hepfe- npx 10ft Ha KannraJr t,4 2,1 4
    THKH.Ha pa6orbr accurHoeano 2l rvrnH. npx 5{p Ha KanHra.tl 0,9 1,2 2,2
    pynufi. 3ax.npqeHAoroBopc SOGREAH
    Psc. 19.4.flaan sar. Kaq c yKa3aHHeM
    crBo-
    pos [I3C: H E d F . B 1 9 8 7 r . 3 a K a H q n B a e r c f ln p o -
    - clqopH, eKrHpoBaHHen3C B ear. Kaq y nop- nJrorHHe pacnoraraercfl 3AaHne flSc c Vo.nxorr, orcroffurHe or r. .Il,ep6u Ha
    $,,'- KZt i(. npeAnoxeHHbre Brucouou;
    Kr KaHAla; (s - Haaaaxxx ra Hasnaxxn MoruHocruro600 rsrc. xBr 30 KancynbHbrMn o6parnuuuu arpera- paccroflHHu 140 xr"r. llpu arou nu6ope
    c nupa6orxoft 1,6 TBr.q. EaccefiH I-I3C TaMH MoulHocrbro no 20 MBr, ocHauleH- ,Ilrtouc p yKoBoAcrBoBaJrcffoTHorueHr{eM
    HHKoM oAHo6accefiHoeux cxeM, oH Ha- o6paayercq 3-xHnouerpoeofi nlornHofi HbrMHnoBopoTHo-JIOnacTHbn.fli p a6oua uu MourHocruHa I KM Qponra (NlL); san.
    IUeJrAJIrrHHx 3Aecb BecbMa6.naronpuar- B rop./re XaHcra.nr, orceKaouleM 3aJr. KoJrecaMH . Ans npeAorBpauleHuq 3arorr- Yoaxorr ro aroMy rloKa3arqrrlo
    Hbre ycJroBHff, nOCKOJTbKy
    B paCCMaTpH- Ma.nurft Kav (pnc. 19.4, crBop Ku). B JreHHffBbrcoKHMuIIpHJTHBaMH npeAycMa- (500 MBr/xu) aenrercr oAHHM H3 nyrr-
    TpHBaeTCff 3eMJrflHaff AaM6a sHCOrOfi rxHXcrBopos fI3C B MHpe(crra.ra6n, 5.1).
    Ao 4 M H ArrHHofi 4l xr',rt2431. B I965 r. no 3aKa3y ancrpa.nuficKoro
    Kpor're crBopoB MorrlHbrxtl3C e ao- npaBurerbcrBa SOGREAH BHoBb pac-
    KJraAeBu.ncoHa 6snu npeAnoxeHbr fl3c cMoTpeJra cTBopbr AJrr cTpoHTe[bcTBa
    Ha no6epex{be Eeura.nscxoro 3a.rrHBa II3C na l(r.rrvr6ep.rruficxorra
    no6epexre c
    (Ae.nura CyHaep6an). OAsaxo He6o.rb- Ao6aBreHHeMK HHMeufe l0 crBopoB npu
    IIIas BeJIHT{HHa npH"rrHBa (Arr:3 nr) u o0Irlefi Bo3Mo)KHoft MouIHocrH Ao 300
    He6oltbtrrue nnoulaAa 6accefiiroB no3Bo- fBr [26] J. B quc.ne srux crBopoB 6unu
    TqIOT NOCTPOHTb 3ACCb JII,IIUb MA.IIbIC rrpeAJroxeHbr crBopbr B 3aJrHBax Von-
    |ISC ruourHocrbro2-15 MBr c nnpa6or- xom (8,9 fBr), Cexrop (l fBr), I'eopra
    xoft 3-31 fBr-VroA, qro npHBoAHrK (7+ll fBr), Kernr6pn4x (3 I-Br), a raK-
    HeorrpaBAaHHo BbrcoKHM 3aTpaTaM )Ke 20 ycraHoBoK MorrlHocrbro no
    l5 000 Dvnnfi/xBr BMecro5000 -3000 100MBr. s
    pynuft/xBr Ha no6epexnerxrara fya- Koo.nau, HMerorrlux pa3BHTyro pyAHyro
    xapar 12431). npoMbrrunenuocrb tr .rrHueHHbrx co6cr-
    BeHHbIx aHepropecypcoB. I-IpeAno.nara-
    I9.3, ABCTPANNA Jrocb, qro crouMocrb rHrroBort ue6o.ns-
    ruoft n3C npfi nnouraAr4 6accelisa
    3Ha,IHrerbHHe npHJlr.rBbr
    Ha ceBepo- 3,22 xuz u A.o"^, : ll M cocraBgT
    3anaAHoM no6epexre Ancrpannu (or 10 rr,r.nH.
    Q. cr. (-e rleHax 1963 r.).
    5,5 u y flopr-XeAneHAa go 12 M y Aep- 3ro o6c.neAoBaHuenoATBepAHJroBbr-
    6u) u HarurrHe MHoFoqr.rcreHnblxsiulu- BoA .Ilbtouca o roM, r{To ABcrpaJlr.rfl pac-
    BoB H 6yxr (pnc. 19.6) no6ylunu K pac- noJraraer uan6o;rtruuM B Mr{pe gHepro-
    cMorpeunro Bo3Mox(Hocreftcoa4aHrfl p fr- noreHIIHaJIoMnpHJrHBa H BecbMa 6flano-
    Aan3c. nn Ir CITlrLIrrtr ltn 'Irtnrt clf,rtr . L Tr tT ('
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    -

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    nepeqeHb40 cmopos llSC Ha Knr*a6ep- 6urr crBopbr B 3aJrHBax Cexrop H
    auficxou no6epexse, rAe Mox(HonocT- Vonxorr, flo npoexry 1965 r. npeA-
    pourb |I3C o6urefi uoutnocrlro 90 fBr noJraraJrocb3a.[. Cercop orcerrb or Mops
    Pnc. 19.5. Crnopu nOC s Kanr6eftcxoM3aJrHBe: tl99l. Han6o.neenepcneKrHBHbre crBo- nJIorHHoftB npoJrr.rBeOaHuen. flnotuHa
    / - BoAonpoflycxubre 2 -
    orBepcrHc; sAaxuc nOC pu 6unu BbrAqrreHbrB 3:MHBaxCexrop u o6reuou l0 rr,r.nu.
    us orcbrnaercana7sYo
    232
    233
    B npoeKre1976r. [95] npeAycMar- o6reuou 1,2 uas. M3. Tararra o6pasorrr
    p H B a J r o c b H e n o J I b 3 o B a H H ee K B O 3 H b ! XH a - r{ak nratuqpTl-d r l nLr n In f i n vr or r^!
    | uv
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    J t' n auP LrL n(Jn
    nJIaBHbrx6.noxon, H3 Koropbtx no 3"rle- nJrornHbr o6reuou l0 runn. M3 K croH-
    MeHTaM(ryp6unHsrfr rpaKr H BepxHee Mocrbro57 rrlnn.Aorrn. (e qeuax lg6b r.),
    crpoexne) MoHrHpoBaJrocbAByxbflpyc- a HanJIaBHbleKoHcTpyxr{til.r coBMeuIeH_
    Hoe 3AaHHeIISC (cr'r pnc. 12.9), a 3areM Horo rHna yMeHburrtJlrlo6teu 6eroua c
    H BoAonpo[ycKHaq nJrorHHa. flo arortay l,l 4o 0,6 u.nH. M3, HTo rapKe BeAer K
    npoeKry B 3AaHHHfl3C a.nnsofi 465 M yMeHbueHuro croHMoct.H Ha IBS MJrH.
    pa3Meuraprcfl 30 KancynbHbrx arpena- AoJrJr. 3ro 4aer cyMMapHoe cHH)KeHHe
    TOB. npornB cror.rMocru npoer(Ta 1965 n. Ha
    !,.nn yrr,reHbrueHuro6teua Ha6pocxrl 192 u;rn. AoJrJr.,r. e. 3a cyMMV 480
    B nnoTHHy crBop ee repeABr.tHyr H3 MJrH.AO-rJr.,6laaxyrc x cronru'ocrr npo-
    caMoro y3xoro Mecra B [poJrHBe (DaH- eKra 1965 r. (440 r*,r.nH. AorrJr.), Mo)Ker
    Herr s 6oree uupoKoe (puc. 19.6), Ho 6urr nolyqeHa MoulHocTbHa 33 o/o 6o-
    npH 3roM r.ny6nHu yMeHburaprcffc 75 lo Jree BbrcoKafl, qeM B npoeKTe l96b n.
    50 n, a 75 % AJrHHbr crBopa HMerorrJry- (860 nruecro 570 MBr).
    6uHu MeHbrue30 rr,r[95]. Taxau o6paaou, 6laro4apa npnMe-
    flpuueHeHHe HanJraBHoro cnoco6a HeHHroHanrasuoft KoHcrpvKr{HH 6o,ns-
    no3BoJIHJIO yMeHbIXHTbCTOHMOCTb CTpO- wafr ray6uua npo.,rHBa,Koropaq rBH-
    HTeJIbCTBa nO CpaBHeHHIOC npOeKTOM Jracb n_p^HqHuoft
    sbilcorcoficronuocrH rrpo-
    1965 r. ua 28 %. Cront 3Har{HrerrbHoe eKTa 1965 r., craHoBuTcr HcroqHHKoM
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    noro 6reQa BBHAy xyArrrux yclonr.rfi 1T^ cefiua H orHocuTeJrbHou.a.nofi BerHqH-
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    Mu nJroruHb[H3 KaMeHuoftHa6pocxu, 4o_ paropHoM. pg1rye H nocrreAypqefioHep_ repexoAa r Megeucxoft ll3C. u cefi.rac npoeKTHar paspa6orr<a lr reo-
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    (cv. puc. l3.l). B_npoexrc'np"H"ru y.- n3C. Onraua.ntuuu npeAcraBJrflercff satlHr,r3HeprerurrecKux nap aMerpos nOC
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    F O I r * i l t E r | : | | i l. AnQnuoa B. H., Baraxog F. H., IIar- SHeprernuecKoe crpoHTe.rrbcrBo, I977, Nb 8,
    =x
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    tts
    E - Jre$xo B. l'. CyaoBbrerflroBbre pacveru. M.: c. 26-29.
    ( o o = F
    V T -
    TpaHcnopr. 1970, 223 c. 16. Eepnurrefit JI. E. TexHH.recKHe tl
    $ ? e r- FE
    2. Baprnoe O. f., lopelxoe B. M., SHepro3KoHoMHqecKHe acneKTbr HcnoJrb3oBa_
    V tE.
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    npeo6pasooaHxr 3HeprnH oxeaxa/[BHI
    - B xu: MeroAu (Mocxea), 1980. 55 c.
    17. Eepnrurefix JI. 6., Vcaqes H. H..
    = e

    ^ A H C C C P . B ; r a , 4 n n o c r o x ,1 9 8 3 , c . 6 5 - 7 1 . H n a x o r O . M . , F o n v a p o a B . B . E e r o H H b r ep a -
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    o npx;lunHar f3C. -fn,4porexHHqecKoe crpo- IrfeHToB nePexOAa JIHHHH 9neKTpOnepeAaq
    H r e r r b c r B o1, 9 3 9 ,N b l 0 - l I , c . 4 1 . - 4 5 . q e p e 3 K a x o s c x o e B o A o x p a H H n H u r e-. 6 e r o s
    Fl ! sE
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    v
    Y f | | I I
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    rernKa.- flpnpo4a, 1959, N! ll, c.4l-50. 18. Eepnuref,n Jl. E. Onursan npn-
    9r
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    F " 9 5. Eepururefin Jt. 6. flosHueHne eQ- JrHBHar 3JreKTpocraHuufl AHHanoanc. -
    Qexrnauocru Hx3KoHanopHbtx Il3C. - I'ra-
    @
    :r! .+ 8 B : lF*

    porexHnqecKoe crponr€JrbcrBo. 1959, Ne I,


    S H e p r e r n v e c K o ec r p o H r e r b c r B o s a p y 6 e x < o v ,
    1 9 8 3 ,N b 6 , c . 1 6 - 2 3 .
    e 9 i
    - = o c. 33-42. 19. Eec.tilHcxtfi A. A. flpo6.neMbl pa3-
    r
    T g lF eX 6. 6epxurrefix JI. 5. flpulunHble sJIeKr- B H r H f i u n p o n o r i 3 H e p r e r H K H .- T e n a o g H e p -
    \o
    pocraHuHH-HcroqHHK rapaHrnponanHoft r e r u K a , 1 9 8 4 , N - b3 .
    lo
    o 3HeprHH.- fngporexHr{qecKoe crpoHrenbcr- 20. Enxcon C. f. O cepnrinor"rcoopyxe-
    s I
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    l l I l t t r -'
    l '
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    *P so, 1959, Ns 2, c. 17-26. Hua T3C n CIIIA. Suepr-ernvecKoe crpoH-
    i 7. 6epnurref,n JI. B: CxsosHaq KoHcr- re.rbcrBo sa py6exou, 1980, N! 6, c. 8-9.
    F q > p y K u H H 3 A a H H f l H u s K o H a n o p u o f ip e v x o l i l l 2 1 . D o n , [ a p q y {A . f l . , A n l p y c e n x o H . H . ,
    a
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    : e nprnnanofi 3neKTpocraHuHH It3 HanJIaBHbrx flauvenxo B. M. Eyxcnpoaxa ll ycraHoBKa
    9 .(E ,qox- 6J o xoa. - f r,qporex Hl{qecKoe crp oHTenb- Han./raBHbrxonop BJI 330 xB. - SteprerH-
    i qecKoe crpoureJrbcrso, 1979, N! 5, c. 38-40.
    l o r '- l l E Q t
    o -| l l r v 6

    I I I
    -
    crgo, 1960, Nb l, c. 22-28.
    q Hrq
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    rrl cf)
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    8. Bepxuref,x JI. E. Onuruafl npHnflB- 22. EorsnHHHx M. M., Illaxaprn lO.F.
    l q
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    6l
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    6 E
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    crpolrenbcrso, 1962, Nb 3, c. 33-37. Hayxa, 1969. 140 c
    t =
    9. Eepnurrefir JI. 6. flptt.nxnxue a,:e 23. 6nxos A. K., Jlxnxnr IO. n.
    - r g = cTaHqHH B COBpeMeHHOg
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    O O A O O _ A F-c.)

    -
    g" E! I-oceHeprons,qar,l96l - 271 c.
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    24. BolrQ6epr A. E. SneprernsecKas
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    E
    =E T; uHn ropH3oHTanbHbrx oceBHx arperaToB 3 H e p r o x o s n f t c r s os a p y 6 e x o u , 1 9 8 0 , N b 2 . c .
    !
    - r r ) a'i E iE (xancy.nsHux H uraxrrux)- M.: SuepnuR, c. l-7.
    t

    \ | | r l.l | \ | | I * x = E3 1966. I l2 c. 25. Boluannx B. 3., 3y6apea B 8.,


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    = rb
    12. Eepnurref,r JI. 6. Kancyasuue u
    rrraxrHbre.ruApoarperarbr. Hroru HayKH u
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    Berpa, oKeaHcKHxBo.rrHH reqexnfi. .-_ Cepnn
    3+\+\i* ast Efi" v,9 rexHuxs/BVHVITVI. M.. 1968. 216 c. HeTpaAHUHOHHbIXHCTOqHr.rKOnaneprnn /
    s ; lro-- ll; 9--- I | | = x o k
    rl) - t - X 1 3 . E e p n u r e f i n J I . 6 . , H e x o p o u r e rH . H . , BHHUTH, r. l. M.. 1983. l0O c.

    fr3Egi:E l'ear$ep C. Jl., Vca.rer H. H. TpaHcnopru- 26. l'arptaos B. F. floasoaHoe BbrnoJt-


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    poBKa 6loxa K-nc.nory6cxoft n3C a ry6y HeHHe nocrellH nol HannaBHoe -?AaHHeKtc-
    Kncryro. - 3HepreruqecKoe crponre.rbcrBo, .nory6cxofi nOC. - lu,qporexHuqecKoe crpo-
    =* 1969, Il! 3, c. 29-35. H r e r b c r B o . 1 9 7 1 .N b 2 . c . 8 - l l .
    () E
    14. Eepnulreftn JI. E. Hcnoau3oBaHxe 27. Fear$ep C. JL BrssHue rbAa Ha
    o E =
    ;:qE. e H e p r H Hn p a n n B a A n s p e u e H u n a x r y a r r n o l i 3 H e p r e r H q e c K H ex a p a K T e p H c r H K n 6 a c c e f t n a
    qt
    i 4 x I - n p o d n e u u c o B p e M e H H o fsi H e p r e r u r s - - B o - n3C. - C6opHux HayqHbrx rpyAoB fn4po-
    qt to - > ti
    6 0-V h p o c u r e o r p a Q n n , 1 9 7 0 , J . l b7 4 , c . 5 l - 6 6 . n p o e K r a . 1 9 8 0 ,s b r n . 6 9 . c . l l 6 - 1 1 9 .
    o
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    C o o p y x < e H n en e p e x o A a B J I 3 3 0 x B H a H a n -
    28. fepanx E. Xeaeso6eronuHe coopy-
    x(eHHf, Anf, apKrnqecKnx paftouoa. - EeroH
    : Q .rIaBHbrx xelego6eroHnux Qyn4aueurax.- , H x(e.tle3o6eros, 1980. ]G 2. c. 28-N.
    I8i 288
    29. Fr4poercxrpHqccxrc craHuHH/'no,q craxuxs/flg4 pen. JI. 6. 6epxurrefiH2. M.: 62. HexpacoaA. B. [IpnanaHHeBonHbr 6lorca l(rcaory6cxofr nAC. - 3HeprerH_.re-
    p e A . O . O . f y 6 n H a , f . H . K p x u u e H x o .M . : 3 r e p r u n , 1 9 7 2 . 2 6 3c . B oKpaHHHbrxrrropf,x.JI.: fu4pOueTeoH3AaT, c K o e c r p o H r e J r b c r B o ,1 9 6 7 , N c + , c . 6 i - O i .
    Saeprxa, 1980. 367 c. 46. Kaa6yxoa B. M., lnxrprea C. f. 1975.247c. 81. Vcaqes H. H. Cpe4craa 3arrlnrbr or
    30. FxlpoexeprerxKa H KoMnJreKcHoe H a r y p u u e H c c J e A o B a H H so 6 p a r n u o r o K a n - 63. Hcxpacor A. B. CrpyxrypHure H o6p_acraHnnxoncrpyxunfi u o6opy4oBaHHq
    HcnoJrb3oBaHHe BoAHbrxpecypcoB CCCP/l-loa. gy{!Hgfo _ arperara. _ ]p. I'x4ponpoexra, 9HepreTHqecKHe xapaKTepHcTHKlt npRJrHBa fOC n nOC s ceBepgbrx MoPfix. --C6opHnx
    rr f u^-^-^.,,.,^-^ f,r . 5,.^--^^-^.. F l o u vr runu.a. u n rf ri L ^ v nrrlSu u uy tnqs^rlrnnrrarrrrt -^tt
    pEA. a r. v. I rErrupuanrt u. /tr.. Jntpr (rdl (rM-
    ln?o
    tirro.
    lf- cr -
    r , Y c( ) . t . c .
    tnd
    ruo-t
    I It
    I /. I tL TPyAoE iOPbKOBCKOTO F--- -----.,^-^
    i-ocyAaPcTBeHiioro
    H3,qar.1982. 560 c. 47. Kaa6yxos B. M., ,[mxrpaen f,. f. coopyxennr nroruHbr nOC.- B xH.: Meio- y-ra. EnonospexAeHHf,. 1981., c 226-227.
    31. l'opcaxoa B. M. 06 oueHKe H3MeHe- 3af,qea A. H. KancyalHufi arperar Knclo- 4u npeo6pa3oBaHnr sHeprHH/oreana/ABHLI 82. Userroa E. 8., Aan6uuera T.M.,
    H H f , n p H n H B H o r o p e x H M a M e n K o B o A H o r3oa - ry6cxofi fl3C. 3xaqeHue ero HccJreAoaaHxfi AH CCCP. B.na.queocror, 1983, c. 56-64. fiapQenoo Jl. l'. OnrnMarbHbre pe)KHMblrHA-
    JIHBaB Pe3yJlbTaTeTHAPOTeXHHTIeCKOTO CTPOH- A n q p a 3 B r T H f l K a n c y n b H b t xa r p e f a T o B H C o 3 - 64. Ocnostrrre noJIoxeHHfi aHeprerH- posteKTpocrauqnfi B gnepreruqecKnx cucre-
    rearcrsa. - B KH.: ilarepnanu Bcecorcs- AaHHe arperaTa c neperrleHnoft qacrorofi 'tecxoft nporpaMMbr CCCP Ht ,ll,rrHr€JrbHlKt uax. M.: SneproaroMnsAar, 1984. 303 c.
    H o r o c o B e u l a H f l f l( n p n p o , a a A p x r H K H B y c r o - BparqeHHfl.-1 nepcneKrnBy. M.: flornrHsAat. 1984. 32 c. 83. lllarapnn K). f. AcnHxpounsHpo-
    _ C 6 o p H n xH a y q H b t xr p y a o o I ' u 4 -
    B H s X M e x ( s O H a J r b H o r on e p e p a c n p e A e n e H H f l p o n p o e K r a . 1 9 8 0 .N b 6 9 , c . 6 0 - 8 2 . 65. Iloann Jl. E. Ea.nrnxa - t{ep- B a H H b r ec [ H x p o H H H e M a r r r H H H .M . : 3 n e p r o -
    BoAHbrx pecypcoar/JlBHMy. JI.; 1980. 48. Kasaxqea 6. 9. fpaQrvecxufi Me- Hoe Mope(neperox nJlaByqero,qoxa). M. Mop- aroMn3Aar,1984. 156 c.
    c. 32-33. r o A p a c q e r a p e r y n H p o B a H H fn, p r l n n n o f i s o . r r - cxofi rpancnopt, 1963. 140 c. 84. llloxaarcxnfi IO. M. OxeanorpaQnn.
    32. Fopeaxor B. ,ltl., l'pnropbeBa Jl.H., Hbt.- C6opHnx AoxnaAon tto rnAporexHnxe/ 66. Paayraen B. Pa6oraer BoAa. - flerporpa4, 19 17.
    rtlonocor it. Jl. TpaHcQopr'raunffnoJrycyroq- B H H H | , 1 9 6 5 , a b i l n .6 . <fIpan,q,ar, 25.07.1979. 85. lll-y_aefixnx B. B. Ougnxa Mopc.
    H o r o n p H n H B aB c e B e p H o f tq a c r u E e a o r o u o p n 49. Kosanes H. H. fugporyp6unu. JI.: 67. Perxcrp CCCP. flpasnaa xaaccHSn- M. - JI.: Hsa-Bo AH CCCP, 1933.
    npn yctoBHn crpoHTerbcrBa Mesencroft M a u r n u o c r p o e H n e ,1 9 7 1 . 5 8 4 c . xarlHH r noctpofirn MopcKHx cyAoB. Tou l. 86. 9neprerrqecxne pecypcn CCCP. Iu.q-
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    Mo4elxpooaHue nonycyrorlHoro npfinflBa B unll ryp6uHbr, rrnrarourefi FISC c onruMaJrb- BaHHf, oneprltn oxeana/ABHII AH CCCP. qecxofi eQQexrnnnocrn ruApo3reKrpocraH-
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    JteJIbHo pa6oranulxuu gneKTpocraHuHsMH. E_erou Mopf,x.- Mopcxoe o6pacrauue. Tp. npHJrHBHbrx BoJrHB flesxnscxoft ry6e Oxor- Eng. News Rec., 1981, v. 207,N! 20, p.44.
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    3 7 . X x 6 p a P . S n e p r u q n p H n H B o B .X I 54. Jlrrxep B.m. Texxnqecxne nep- rHKa H AHHaMuKaxopa6la. JI.: Cy4ocrpoe- on.- Int. Power Generat., 1983, v. 6, Nb 4,
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    Brnorpa4ora O. B. EeroH l(ncaory6cxoft 56. Maxapoa B. A., MexexH A. 8., HeTOqHOCTII Sa,qaHut HcxoAHbIx xapaKTepuc' N! 5102, p. 26-27.
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    pexr.tMa pexHMa llJL.- rP. r,rTrrYri,, tYtz, EH . v q e r v r . r t J

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    77. Crupuroaxq M. A., Cnnnron lO. B.
    ll Jf ttcrnvrr.uo
    n { 1 r 4
    nn
    . . v
    u?nnrnn
    . . . v . .
    trauuh
    | A
    Fu n- C C C P , 1 9 8 4 ,J . J - b 6c . 2 l - 2 9 . ^ -__--
    _
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    39, Jll! 12, p. 42. 1964,v. 24, Nb 415, p. 290-291.
    290
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