Chapter 1

1. The speed of light is about c. Express it in kilometers per hours(km/h).

Answer: V=(3.00×108m/s)×3.6=1.08×109 km/h .
2. The magnitude of two vectors: A=15m and B=3m.The largest and smallest possible values for
the magnitude of the resultant vector R=A+B are
(a) 14.4 and 4,
(b) 12 and 8,
(c) 18 and 12,
(d) none of these answers.
Answer: (c). The largest values: R=A+B=15+3=18(When the magnitude of two vectors A and
B orient in the same direction.) The smallest values: R=A+B=15-3=12(When the magnitude
of two vectors A and B orient in the opposite direction.)
3. If vector B is added to vector A, the resultant vector A+B has magnitude A-B when A and B
are
(a) perpendicular to each other,
(b) oriented in the same direction,
(c) oriented in opposite direction,
(d) in any direction relative to each other.
Answer: (c). When vectors A and B oriented in opposite direction, vector :|A|=A, vector |B|=-
B, magnitude: A-B.
4. Let us define eastward as negative and westward as positive. The correct conclusion is (a) If a
car is traveling eastward, its acceleration must be eastward. (b) If the car is slowing down, its
acceleration may be positive. (c) A particle with constant nonzero acceleration can never stop
and stay stopped.
Answer: The correct conclusion is（b）and (c).
5. As shown in Figure 1.12, (a), (b) and (c) represent three graphs of the velocities of different
objects moving in straight-line paths as functions of time. The possible accelerations of each
objects as functions of time are shown in (d), (e) and (f). Match each velocity-time graph with
the acceleration-time graph that best describes the motion.

Answer: (a)-(e), (b)-(d), (c)-(f).

6. The three graphs in Figure 1.22 represent the position versus time for objects moving along
the x-axis. Which of these graphs is not physically possible?

Answer: (c).
7. A person travels by a car from one city to another with different constant speeds. He drives for
20.0 min at 60.0 km/h, 15.0 min at 50.0 km/h and 35.0 min at 80.0 km/h. (a) Determine the
distance between the initial and final cities along this route. (b) Determine the average speed
 for the trip.
Answer: (a) (60 km/h) ×(20 min)+(50 km/h) ×(15 min)+(80 km/h) ×(35
min)=(485/6)km=80.83km.
(b) v=(485/6)/{(20/60)+(15/60)+(35/60)}=(485/7)km/h=69.28km/h.
8. An object moves along the x-axis, and its position-time graph is shown in Figure 1.23. Find
the average velocity in the time intervals (a) 0s to 1.0s, (b) 0s to 2s, (c) 2.0s to 4.0s, (d) 0s to
5.0s. Find the instantaneous velocity at the instants (a) t=0.5s, (b) t=2.0s, (c) t=3.0s, (d) t=4.5s.

Answer: (a) 0s-1.0s: 4m/s, (b) 0s-2.0s: 0m/s, (c) 2s-4s: -1m/s, (d) 0s-5s: 0m/s. (a) t=0.5s:
4m/s, (b) t=2s: -4m/s（c）t=3.0s: 0m/s (d) t=4.5s: -2m/s
9. The velocity-time graph for an object moving along a straight path is shown in Figure 1.24.
(a) Find the average accelerations of this object during the time intervals 0 s to 5.0 s, 5.0 s to
15.0 s, and 0 s to 20.0 s. (b) Find the instantaneous acceleration at 2.0 s, 10.0 s and 18.0 s.

Answer: (a) 0-5 s: 0 m/s ² . 5-15 s: 1.6 m/s ² . 0-20 s: 1.6 m/s ² .(b) 2.0 s: 0 m/s ² . 10.0 s: 1.6
m/s ² . 18.0 s: 0 m/s ² .
10. A ball is throw vertically upward. Does its acceleration (a) increase, (b) decrease, or (c)
remain constant? Its speed (a) increases, (b) decreases, (c) decreases and then increases, or (d)
remains the same.
Answer: Its acceleration (c) remain constant, it’s always vertical down. Its speed (c) decreases
and then increases.
11. A certain car is capable of accelerates at a rate of 0.600 m/s2. How long does it take for this car
to go from a speed of 55.0m/s to a speed of 60.0m/s.
Answer: t=(60-55)/0.6≈8.3s.
12. An object starts from rest and accelerates at 10.0 m/s2 for the entire distance of 400m. (a
How long did it take the object to travel this distance? (b) What is the speed of the object at
the end of the run?
Answer: (a) t=20s. (S=vt+½at²). (b) v=200m/s. (v= v0 +at).
13. An object accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 40m/s in 12.0s. (a) Find the constant
acceleration of the object. (b) Find the distance the object travels during this time.
Answer: (a) a=40÷12≈3.33s. (v= v0 +at). (b) s=(40÷12)×0.5× 12× 12=240m. (S=vt+½at²).