Exercise

(7.1 The Characteristic of Fluid)

1. At room temperature, which of the following are not fluids?
(a) gasoline; (b) glass; (c) mercury; (d) iron.
Answer: (b) (d)
(7.2 Static fluid)
2. The top surface of an ideal fluid is open to the atmosphere. The pressure at a depth h 1 below
the surface is p1. How does the pressure p2 at the depth h2=3h1 compare with p1?
(a) p2>p1; (b) p2=3p1; (c) p2<3p1.
Answer: (a) (c)
3. An air bubble at the bottom of a lake start to float upward, as the air bubble rises:
the air pressure inside the bubble (a) increase; (b) remains the same; (c) decreases; (d) varies in
an unpredictable manner.
Answer: (c)
The volume of the bubble (a) increase; (b) remains the same; (c) decreases; (d) varies in an
unpredictable manner.
Answer: (a)
4. A U-tube open at both ends is partially filled with two different fluids of different densities
(Figure 7.26). Which parts of points in the figure have the same pressure ?
(a) P1=P4; (b) P2=P5; (c) P3=P4; (d) None of them.

Answer: (c)
5. When a doctor measures a patient’s blood pressure, why the blood pressure cuff is placed on
the patient’s arm at the same vertical level as the heart? Explain.
Answer: so that the blood pressure measured is equal to the patient’s arterial blood pressure.
6. Suppose an elevator is in free fall, and a fishbowl is placed in the elevator. Does the fish in the
fishbowl can feel the buoyancy in the free fall?
Answer: No
7. A swimming pool has the area of 16m×50m, and its depth 4m. What’s the force exerted on
the bottom when it is full of water?
Answer:
p=p0+ ρ gh
F=ps F=1.1216×108 N
8. A stone of volume 0.10 m 3 is on the bottom of a lake. How much weight does the stone lose
due to the buoyancy of water?
Answer: Buoyancy force = ρ gV=1000kg/m3 *9.8*0.1=980N; We cannot get the loss weight
because of insufficient conditions.
9. A 70 kg person is just floating in water, with negligible volume in the air. What’s the person’s
volume?
Answer: ρ gV=mg V=0.07 m3
(7.3 Fluid Dynamics)
10. The continuity equation is based on (a) conservation of mass, (b) conservation of angular
momentum, (c) conservation of momentum.
Answer: (a)
11. A main pipe12 cm in diameter is used to supply water for a building. A 2.0 cm diameter
faucet tap which locates at 3.5 m below the main pipe, is observed to fill a 60 cm 3 container in
20.0 seconds. What is the speed of the water leaving the faucet ? (Assume the faucet is the only
lack in the building. )
Answer:
R=V/t
R=Av
A= π r2 v=9.6×10-6 m/s
12. A thin spherical shell of mass 1.5 kg and diameter 0.50 m is filled with hydrogen (density
0.0899 kg/m3). It is then released from rest on the bottom of a lake that is 5.0 m deep. (a)
Neglecting friction between the water and the wall of spherical shell. (b) How long will it take for
the top of the shell to reach the water surface from the bottom of the lake?
Answer:
(a) ρ wgh-mg=mha a=2.123×104 m/s2
(b) h-d=1/2at2 t=20.6ms
13. The device shown in Figure 7.27 is the same as the Venturi meter in example 7.8. The
diameter of the bigger cross section of the horizontal pipe shown in is 4.0 cm. Water flows to the
right at a volume flow rate of 0.10 m3/s. Determine the diameter of the small cross section.
Answer: 1. d1=4cm=0.04m, A1= π r2=0.001256m2; V1=R/A1=0.10/0.001256=79.6m/s
2. According Bernoulli equation at same level: P1+1/2 ρ v12= p2+1/2 ρ v22
Then P1 -P2=1/2 ρ v22--1/2 ρ v12; ρ g(h1-h2)=1/2 ρ v22--1/2 ρ v12=1/2 ρ (v22- v12)
3. Continuity equation: v2=A1v1/A2
Thus, ρ g(h1-h2)=1/2 ρ (v22- v12)= 1/2 ρ (A12/ A22-1)v12, cancel density, then Bring in data, get:
A2=1.24×10-3 m2, d2=4cm.
I think there is a problem with the value of this question.
14. (a) For a healthy adult the aorta connected with heart as the diameter about 3.5 cm,
calculate the mass of blood pumped from heart through the aorta in an hour if the flow speed is
50 cm/s and the density of blood is 1.0 g/cm 3 . (b) Assume that the aorta bifurcates into a large
number of capillaries into a large number of capillaries with a combine cross-sectional area of 3.2
×103 cm3. What is the flow speed in the capillaries?
Answer:
(a) R=Av
A= π r2
V=Rt
m= ρ V m=1.7316×103 kg
(b) R=Av=A1v1 v1=0.15 cm/s
15. An airplane is flying at an altitude of 8 km. The pressure outside the craft is 0.25 atm; within
the passenger compartment, the pressure is 1.0 atm and the temperature is 25 ℃ . The density
of air is 1.18 kg/m3 at 25 ℃ and 1atm of pressure. A small leak forms in one of the window seals
in the passenger compartment. Assume that the idea is ideal fluid, and find the speed of the
stream of air flowing through the leak. (1 atm=1.01×105 Pa)
Answer:
P1+1/2 ρ v12= p2+1/2 ρ v22
V1=0
V2=358.32m/s