Universiti Kuala Lumpur Institute of Medical Science Technology

(UniKL MESTECH)

MPU 3242 INNOVATION MANAGEMENT

TITTLE: INNOVATION PROJECT

COMPANY NAME’S: RENAL PURIFIER DIALYSIS CENTER SDN BHD

CLASS: BBMS FLEXILERN

Prepared by:
NO GROUP MEMBERS ID.NO
1 Luqman B Abu Bakar 12213118160
2 Mursyidah Bt Mohd Azit 12213118162
3 Shalene A/P Gunalan 12213118156
4 Sri Sankari A/P Mohan 12213118157
5 Norainin Sofiya Bt Azman 12213118159
6 Siti Nur Fitrah Bt Ahmad Yani 12213118155
 Table of Content

No Contents Page No

1 Introduction of group member 1-7

2 Introduction 8

2.1. About Us 8

2.2. Objectives 8

3 Problem Statement 10

4 Product Description 11

1.1.Form of Innovation 11

1.2.Type of Innovation 12

1.3.Factors that affect Innovation 13

1.4.Sources of Innovation 14

1.5.Product Classification 15-16

1.6.Process Model 17

1.7.Innovation Process Design 18

5 Product Applications 20-24

6 SWOT analysis 25-27

7 Target Customer 28

8 Customer Value 29-30

9 Conclusion 31

10 References 32

11 Appendices 33-34

i
1.0 Introduction to group members

Name: Luqman Abu Bakar

Position: Chief Executive Officer (CEO) /Medical Director

Education 1.Master in renal medicine

Background: 2. Bachelor in biomedical technology

3.Diploma in medical science

4.Board certified in internal medicine or

paediatrics by a nationally recognized

professional board

Skills and Certificate: Completion of a board-approved nephrology training

program 12 months experience in caring for dialysis

patients, including time spent in nephrology training

Job Description: He has the authority for observing and moulding

practice patterns by the full medical staff in their

facility, guided by the medical leadership of the

dialysis provider organization. Such facility practice

patterns are dictated by the clinical and medical needs

of the patients, the safe environment of the facility,

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and a highly integrated reporting and analysis process.

The role of the medical director has evolved into a key

decision-making component on both the delivery of

clinical services and operations at the dialysis facility.

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Name: Shalene Gunalan

Position: Senior Dialysis Manager

Education 1.Bachelor in Medical Assistant

Background:

Skills and 1. 10 years working experience in dialysis with 5 years at

Certificate: managerial level.

2.Renal Nursing Certificate

Job Description: 1. Integrates the principles and philosophy of the

professional nursing care delivery system in practice.

2. Serves as a role model to other nursing personnel by

demonstrating effective direct patient and family centered

care,

leadership and professional behavior.

3. Plans for and provides a staffing pattern which meets

patient and family care needs and provides direct

hemodialysis nursing

care and patient education with patients and families,

assuring continuity of care as necessary.

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 4. Conducts the performance evaluation process which

includes appropriate counseling in relation to performance,

progressive

discipline and termination

5. Participates in the recruitment process, including

interviewing and selection of staff.

Name: Sri Sankari Mohan

Position: Operations Manager

Education Background: 1.Master of Social Work, National Taiwan

Normal University, Taiwan

Skills and Certificate:

Job Description: She was a medical social worker with extensive

case management experience with patients

suffering from chronic kidney disease, assisting

them and their families in handling the mental,

social and financial problems resulting from the

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 condition and working closely with health and

nursing practitioners to ensure quality treatment.

Name: Mursyidah Mohd Azit

Position: Human Resources Manager

Education Diploma in Strategic Management and Leadership

Background:

Skills and Master of Business Administration (MBA)

Certificate: Certified Human Resource Manager

Job Description: She has built her career and years of experience in a

variety of roles and industries. With her diverse

experience and skills from various sectors across

education and security training, which is not solely in

Human Resources, but also in other administrative

capacity such as Procurement, Insurance claims and

Corporate Secretarial services, she has brought about

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 significant changes and improvements to the various

organisations

Name: Norainin Sofiya Azman

Position: Finance Manager

Education 1.Bachelor in Accounting

Background:

Skills and ACCA, Association of Chartered Certified Accountants

Certificate:

Job Description: She has extensive experience in finance and accounting

in the healthcare sector. At Renal Purifier, she oversees

and supervises all aspects of the company's functions of

finance & accounting and corporate secretariat. She

directs the review of short-and long-term strategic

financial goals and provides budget analysis, economic

indicators and predictions.

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Name: Siti Nur Fitrah Ahmad Yani

Position: Nurse

Education Post Basic Haemodialysis Nursing Programme

Background: Bachelor in nursing

Skills and People Management & Supervisory Skills at National

Certificate: Kidney Foundation Malaysia

Job Description: She make sure that all equipments are functional.

Furthermore, it is crucial to assess first the circulatory

status of the patient with the use a intravenous catheter.

An anticoagulant drug is administered into the catheter to

prevent formation of blood clots. She should also perform

basic precautions in order to prevent any occurrence of

infection to the punctured site.

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2.0 Introduction
2.1 About us
Kidney Care Dialysis Centre has been established since 2004 beginning at the

Batu Caves branch, Selangor. Today Kidney Care Dialysis Centre has expanded

to several states, including Penang, Terengganu and Kedah. It aims to help and

facilitate the community to receive comprehensive and quality dialysis

treatment.

Mission

Kidney Care Dialysis Center that meets the requirements best service, dedicated

and professional.

Vision

Kidney Care Dialysis Centre has a strong commitment to helping improve the

health and well-being of the community through providing the best dialysis

treatment. We will ensure customer satisfaction is achieved through the use of

the latest treatment technology and the provision of quality support services.

Development of Rabbani generation, quality of life for our patients, staff and

community in general.

Motto

"Service From The Heart"

2.2 Objectives

Specifically, to help kidney patients get the best dialysis treatment. With

the concept of patient-friendly management, it is pioneered by a team of highly

experienced and experienced management and staff. We take steps to work

closely with the government to ensure that people suffering from kidney failure

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suffer from proper treatment, counselling and support services so that they can

live their lives as effectively as possible.

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3.0 Problem Statement

The most often reported psychological issues of human beings present process

haemodialysis are food and fluid restrictions, modifications in marital role, financial

concerns, changes in social and marital relationships, widely wide-spread

hospitalisations, obstacles in vacations, barriers in enjoyment activities, multiplied

dependency on the artificial kidney machine, the medical staff and family environment,

uncertainty about the future, sleep disturbances, physical fatigue, sexual problems,

dilemma in physical activities, unemployment and adjustments in physical look.

Moreover, many patients on haemodialysis have anaemia which is the most

frequent complication of the above remedy. Anaemia occurs as fatigue or despair and

affects negatively the excellent of these patients’ life due to the fact it is responsible for

the inadequate physical rehabilitation of sufferers. Additionally, ache is the most

frequent symptom of these patients which has a poor impact on the high-quality of their

life. Pain is precipitated with the aid of multiple factors, such as the manner of dialysis

itself accompanying systemic illnesses and painful syndromes.

It be stated that patient’s compliance with the treatment technique is very

important, due to the fact that it impacts the prognosis of the disease and the satisfactory

of life of sufferers beneath persistent dialysis. Reduced compliance can be caused with

the aid of psychosocial factors (i.e poverty, lengthy periodic dialysis, immigration,

household dysfunction, well-known hospitalizations of patients and lifelong medication

while it is related with accelerated mortality.

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4.0 Product Description
4.1 Form of Innovation

PRODUCT INNOVATION

Renal Purifier Sdn. Bhd. has come up with Product Innovation. Product Innovation is

the creation and subsequent introduction of a good or service that is either new, or an

improved version of previous goods or services. In addition, product innovations are

represented by the new products or services introduced to meet the needs of the market.

Such innovations are reflected in new products or services on the market to the benefit

of customers (Knight, 1967, Utterback and Abernathy, 1975). Product innovations

include consumer products, such as smartphones and personal health gadget, as well as

machinery and equipment. Consumer products usually offer a lot of potential and space

to be improved innovatively.

This is in line with the purpose of a company incorporated in Malaysia to meet the

needs and service of blood purification and dialysis to ease the burden of kidney failure

patients (especially patients with End Stage Renal Disease-ESRD) as well as improved

their quality of life. The product that our company will produce and bring into the

market is innovative product of blood purification and dialysis based on nanostructured

materials. Nanomaterials offer a great potential for the detoxification of blood allowing

miniaturization of blood treatment and dialysis devices. The focus is on the Miniature

Portable Artificial Kidney for use as a handy home hemodialysis device. Basically

this product would assist the people with kidney failure to do home hemodialysis. Our

product give flexibility in terms of dialysis treatment time and when the dialysis can be

done. For example, in-dialysis center, treatment time is 3-5 hours, 3 times a week while

people who do home hemodialysis will have more flexibility about how often it can be

done. If done daily, treatment time would be 1½ to 2 hours. Besides, the miniature

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portable artificial kidney is also an ideal solution for kidney failure patient such as

ESRD, which provide a significant improvement in their health status and quality of

life.

Our product comes with many important features for both the patient as well as the

healthcare system. The important features are as follows:

 Offering flexible time of blood cleansing

 Improved blood purification via adsorption filtering (better clearance than

current hemodialysis)

 Improved health condition thanks to continuous or semi-continuous treatment

 Increased life expectancy

 Higher mobility and employability

 Less nursing and medical care needed, resulting in lower healthcare costs

Traditional Hemodialysis Machine Miniature Portable Artificial Kidney

(3x/week) (1½ to 2 hours daily)

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4.2 Type of Innovation

INCREMENTAL INNOVATION

Innovations are usually differentiated based on the degree of novelty associated

with the product, ranging from the highest to smallest. However, this is rather

restricted and does not clearly explain the differences between innovations.

Therefore, an analytical framework is needed to allow us to analyse more

modest innovations and to predict their impact on competition.

Regarding this product that Renal Purifier Sdn. Bhd. intend to produce, it

involve incremental type of innovation. Incremental Innovation is a series of

small improvements or upgrades made to a company's existing products,

services, processes or methods. The miniature portable artificial kidney is one

of the type of incremental innovation and improvements to existing dialysis

therapy. The design of the product is to improve the existing dialysis device that

are available at the hospitals and dialysis centre around Malaysia. It is important

to note that these improvements are not radical changes to the components.

Instead, it is gradual change that builds on a firm’s expertise in components

technology based on nanostructured materials which offer a great potential for

the detoxification of blood, allowing miniaturization of blood treatment and

dialysis devices. Most incremental innovations involve little technological

change rather than creation of totally new product which is suitable and match

the company product.

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 4.3 Factors That Affect Innovation

Renal Purifier Sdn. Bhd. output product is affected by several factors that make

the product widely uses by consumers. In addition, consumers also comfortable

with our company product because it is convenience and user friendly device.

The factors that affect innovation of our product are time and financial reserves.

The factors are as follows:

a) Time

The innovation period is the time elapsed between the conception of an

innovation and its introduction into the commercial market. The period covers

the point of first invention or basic discovery through various phases of research

and development, test, design engineering, manufacturing, market analysis,

marketing and commercial introduction.

b) Financial Reserves

The amount of finance available, and in particular the research and development

budget, this can limit and affect the innovation of the miniature portable

artificial kidney.

4.4 Sources of Innovation

The innovation of the portable hemodialysis is a must as there as so

many dialysis patients nowdays, it has a negative impact on quality of life.

The person whose undergoes dialysis have to avoid foods and limit their fluids

intake. Besides, conventional hemodialysis machines are heavy which

connected to an electrical oulets and many litres of water been used each

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session. This restricted patients movements throughout the whole dialysis

process. Other than that, the cost of home dialysis or in-central dialysis cost

alot money for dialysis treatment and also transportation cost of travelling

several times a week. Futhermore potential loss of employment are high

because of the time needed for each time dialysis.

Benefits of the portable hemodialysis are more patient has independence and

freedom of movement either work or travel. Its also reduced treatment impact

for patients on work, mobility and travel. The patients also will able to

continuous treatment and improved social and physical well-being. Besides

its significantly lower fluid requirement and reducing cost and capacity on

hospitals.

The technology may enable hundreds of thousands of current dialysis

patients to improve their quality of life through portability, which shall enable

them to continue their existing occupations and get back in the employment

pool.

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4.5 Product Classification
A healthy kidney major function is to clean our blood and remove

extra fluid in the form of urine. In previous century, the dialysis was not

existing yet. Every total kidney failure will meant to death. Nowadays, people

with kidney failure would survive because of the treatment such as dialysis

and kidney transplant. Kidney transplant require higher cost. This procedure

also burdening as it require the doctors to find the compatible organ with the

patients. Whereas conventional hemodialysis require a lot of time to be

wasted, limit the patient’s mobility and interrupting patient’s daily routine.

With this, invention of portable dialysis is needed to assists clinician,

patients and also the family members of the patient. By referring to the Kotter

and Heskett classification of culture, the new portable dialysis is invented.

Theory III of Kotter and Heskett suggest cultures that anticipate and adapt to

environmental change will lead to superior performance. The device that we

had invented was adapt, focus on creativity, promote a proactive approach,

accept risk, and deal with uncertainties.

Besides that, this product had also undergo some changes and

innovation throughout the process of inventing. After all, there is a shared

feeling of confidence and support within the team members as we were trying

hard to support each other in identifying problems and implementing solutions

of dialysis in this era.

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 4.6 Process Model

•Market need is the main factor of the idea and production of Miniature Portable
Artificial Kidney

Market Need •High demand of the product is important to maintain the profitability of the
company.
•Due to patients/consumers, the markets has contributed ideas in creating and
upgrading the existed products.

•Development stage is the main part where Miniature Portable Artificial Kidney
prototype is marketing. This stage valied to identified the flow of the product
and arrangement for improvement.
Development •It is involved transform ideas that has been collected into products.
•It is important to build a prototype and models of a product. To identify the
faulty and function,thus gradually increase room for investigates any mistake
arises.

•Manufacturing play role in ensuring Miniature Portable Artificial Kidney is

Manufacturing properly functional and to maintain the quality of the product.
•Product created in the form of complete prototype that has been improved.

•Marketing strategies to approach consumers/patients used to achieve a

marketing objectives.

Sales •Efficient marketing take places to promote and ensuring Miniature Portable
Artificial Kidney is well known among the target audiences.
•Through advertisement online or physically (health magazines, newspaper,
phamplets, flyers and etc.

Customer •Customer service process is to investigate any customer complaints.

•The process also drives improvement to the organization as failures may be
Service logged as probelms and will be fixed.

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4.7 Innovation Process Design

Insight/Research  A survey was conducted to collect info on solving problem

statement.

 Application of new technologies to device to become a better

product.

 A long research in process associated with new technologies

application.

Development  Gathering ideas and technologies into products.

 Testing, modifying and improving the products to ensure the

products functioning.

 (Evaluation) The process of build the prototype and if there is any

abnormalities and malfunction during the testing, the products
will be reanimated to function as initial idea.

 (Integration) The component all works well without interrupting

function of other components.

 (Learning) Developers would have chance to learn the

mechanical function of the components.

 (Risk Reduction) Assessment of Miniature Portable Artificial

Kidney

 Prototype aid an detecting possible risk and problem that might

occur during the usage of Miniature Portable Artificial Kidney

Design  Creating 2D and 3D model.

 Appearance – Form and firm proportion are used to integrate the

product into a pleasing whole.

 Utility – Product should be safe, easy to use, and intuitive.

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  Ease of maintenance – Product maintenance and repair guidelines
must be handled easily.

Production  Wide range of tools and software are used to ensure products
Engineering works well.

 Quality and Assurance takes place (Q&A)

 Feasibility analysis by engineers.

Pilot Testing  Ensure the safety and appeals of the products to the customers.

 2D trial simulations

 Used to test in any dialysis centre at government hospitals or

private hospitals.

Full Scale  Expert workers of engineering, operator and maintenance are

Manufacture imported in service in manufacturing to gain their expertness.

 2 stages of manufacturing:

o First production of Miniature Portable Artificial Kidney

o of only 20% to evaluate of any flaws or arising problems

to ensure the maintaining of the product quality.

o Second production of Miniature Portable Artificial Kidney

is overall after adjustment and improvement of the

product.

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5.0 Product Applications

i. Provide quality of life

Enable patient to walk around instead of being tethered to a machine for

those long hours. Previous conventional dialysis takes 3 times per week, with

every session of 4 hours period. In contrast, Portable Dialysis provide the ability

to give the patient quality of life where they can walk around, eat and drink to

their heart’s content. They can also have a regular daily life like going to school

or even work.

ii. Reduce medical care and nursing

Portable Dialysis use the sorbent technology as to regenerates and

reconstitutes used dialysis fluid into fresh fluid while removing the uremic

toxins from the spent dialysate. This device requires between 1.5 and 2 litres of

19
dialysate to perform a patient's entire daily therapy, compared with 8 to 12 litres

required by traditional PD methods.

iii. Environmentally friendly

Despite of its small size and light of weight of only less than 2kg,

Portable Dialysis also require only low energy power as it only require battery

to function. The battery is also rechargeable for the next usage. It can be lasting

about approximately 24 hours.

iv. Increased life expectancy

Finding new kidney from a donor is very difficult as it is highly demand

and costly. It is also very hard to find a compatible kidney. With this Portable

Dialysis, is like having new kidney to assists patient’s life.

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5.1 Features

Miniature Portable Artificial Kidney (MPAK)

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 Connected to device

i. AV Fistula Needle

 Attach to the port

 Connecting at the artery to the patient’s vein

ii. Screen Monitor

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  To view and start the operations

iii. Plug slot and Tube slot

Plug slot

- To recharge the machines

Tube slot with valve

- Connected into the machines

- Filtered blood back into the body

- Remove waste product

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6.0 SWOT Analysis

Strengths Weaknesses
• Profitable income from patients payment • Risks of malpractice
and private insurance • High payroll expense for specialized in
• Funded healthcare system kidney related employee

SWOT
Opportunities
• Expanding the number of facilities
• Financial institutions provides business
loan for expansion purposes
Threats
• Low impact because people always need
specialized kidney care
• Changing of the payment plans by
publicly funded healthcare .Therefore,
revenus-related issues will arise

One of the healthcare industry's most lucrative things has become dialysis

centers. People will need nephrology services in any economic climate, and dialysis is

the only treatment available for many kidney disorders. Therefore, given that this is a

health-related enterprise almost every financial institution is able to provide a

significant amount of capital to buy dialysis machines and related equipment. This is

even more true if the owner is going to be a specialist who will conduct on-site

operations related to nephrology and the kidney. The start-up costs associated with a

new dialysis center are very high, and the typically very limited competition can push

forward once they are established.

6.1 Strength

As it relates to strengths, even in times of economic recession, this business can always

remain profitable and cash flow positive. This company are able to generate a

significant amount of income not only from private insurance and patient payments, but
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also from publicly funded healthcare systems such as Zakat and others NGOs’. While

the ongoing costs associated with these companies are typically high, the dialysis

treatment reimbursement rates are also very low. Within the first year of operation,

these companies tend to become profitable.

6.2 Weaknesses

As with all healthcare businesses, problems related to malpractice are always a concern

for weaknesses. However, in order to mitigate these risks, the entrepreneur can easily

acquire a large insurance policy for malpractice. In addition, employee nephrologists

and related nurses specializing in kidney issues are also a significant payroll expense.

6.3 Opportunities

One of the ways most dialysis centers usually grow their services by expanding the

number of facilities they managing and operating Also, given that this is a healthcare

business, for expansion purposes, almost all financial institutions will provide a

business loan or credit by the company equipment and receivables. In addition, despite

the very high return on investment associated with these types of businesses, there are

numerous private investors willing to raise any of the capital needed to expand and

begin operations. This is particularly true for an established company that generates a

significant amount of revenue.

6.4 Threats

For threats, the way these businesses conduct their operations will have very little

impact. People will always need specialized kidney care and as such these companies

will always remain in demand. The biggest challenge facing any healthcare business,

including dialysis centers, is that if there is a major change to payment plans from

publicly funded healthcare services, these companies may have revenue-related issues.

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26
7.0 Target Customer

Our miniature portable artificial kidney machine are more convenient product

to buy and use in the market.Mostly our customer are hemodialysis patients whom are

suffering from End Stage of Renal Disease(ESRF) and Chronic Kidney

Disease(CKD).This is because there many many hemodialysis patients nowdays which

are spending most of their time at hospitals or dialysis centre without any other sosial

activities.Secondly our targeted customer will be goverment hospitals and private

hospitals.This is because hospitals have limited dialysis machine, with our portable

machine they can do emergency dialysis even at wads for the patients as our product

are portable and save their time as well. Third, not forgotten the dialysis centre, because

not all the dialysis patients undergoes dialysis at hospitals. Normally, they have alot of

awaiting list of the patients, and with our product, the centre can increases the number

of patients for dialysis as its required short period of time compare to normal dialysis.

Lastly, our portable hemodialysis machine are very useful for old folks centre, which

have full facilities with them. This is because with our product they can stay at their

place and proceed with the dialysis without travelling far to hospitals or dialysis centre.

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8.0 Customer Value

Based on our innovation project, we had firstly discovered many way to help

patients with dialysis treatment to make them having a better quality life. In addition,

nowdays the awaiting list for the dialysis patients are very long, as goverment hospitals

will give priorty for those whose needed the most.Therefore by using our portable

hemodialysis machine they don’t have to wait for their long turn.

Firstly, we had notice that the conventional dialysis machine is a bulky in size. It

is also heavy and cannot be brought anywhere. Whereas in our project, we had reduced

the size to only 210 mm length and 300 mm height with 80 mm width. In addition, the

weight is also had been reduced compared to previous conventional dialysis machine.

We believe that, with the reducing of size and weight would also make the convenient

for the patient to bring the product anywhere they would go. Futhermore, our main

focus are looking a best solution for dialysis patients to perform their daily life

normally.As we know, dialysis patients cant live their life as normal person due to many

obstacle. By our products they can go to work or travel or even carry on their normal

routine life style as they don’t have to spend most of their time in dialysis center or

hospitals. This is because our product are easy, small and portable to any place, which

easy to handle and proceed routine dialysis process.

Beside that, we also reduce the time for processing the blood from 4 hours, thrice

a week to only 1-2 hours per 1-3 times a day. We decided to limit the time per usage

for only 2 hours per one cycle. Which means, the patient can choose according to their

life schedule, to have about only 1-2 hours of dialysis processing each time. With this,

we hope to minimize the burden of the patient in allocating the time needed for the

treatment of dialysis.

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 Morever, this type of portable artificial kidney require only certain time to be

monitored by the healthcare provider. The healthcare provider will only help the patient

at the beginnig of the process to insert the needle and making sure that the setting is in

the right position. Patient will then, will be allowed to do their own activity as usual.

This will reduce the boredom of the patients during the treatment.

Beside that, we had also design the project to have minimum size of waste

substance up to only 900ml. This will then allow the patient to carry the product with

lighter weight.

This product can be also connected to their smart watch to monitor patient’s blood

pressure, temperature and heart beat. This would ensure that the patient is in the good

condition before proceed with the treatment. This system would also warning the

patient not to proceed with the treatment if the patient is not well. The healthcare

provider will also get notification from the system, which would also monitor the

patient’s condition.

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9.0 Conclusion

Based on our innovation project, we can conclude that our innovation project is

highly benefit to patient who is End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) who really need

dialysis in any sort of matter to cure and prolong their life. On top of that, we believe

that this project will be able to penetrate and in main economic sector in Malaysia

especially in healthcare industries and be able to compete and outstanding our

competitors. Besides that, our company has already been in good relationship with

Ministry of Health and Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM) hence we can make

a revenue on financial assistant in order to run our business smoothly and our target is

to expand our product to private healthcare industries as well. On the other hand, our

headquarters is in heart of Kuala Lumpur which is in Batu Caves and it is vital for our

customers and dealers to access our products. As our motto is “Service From The

Heart”, we also love to hear feedback from our customers or patients in order to improve

our product for the better future. Last but not least, we took these chances to expand,

overcome and improving our product to give a customers and patients satisfaction.

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10.0 Reference

1. https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysis#1

2. https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11173

3. https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/everyday-

innovations/question17.htm

4. https://www.davita.com/treatment-services/dialysis/in-center-hemodialysis/how-

does-a-dialysis-machine-work

5. https://wiki.ucl.ac.uk/display/BECS/Kidney+Dialysis

6. https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/design/technical-

documents/tutorials/4/4698.html

7. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis

8. https://www.kidney.org/sites/default/files/docs/ckd_evaluation_classification_strat

ification.pdf

9. https://www.ottawahospital.on.ca/en/clinical-

services/deptpgrmcs/departments/nephrology/clinics-programs/home-dialysis-

program/

10. https://www.healthline.com/health/dialysis

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11.0 Appendices

SSM of Renal Purifier SDN BHD

32
Product Overview

33