4.

I l l m
Chapter 1
5. a) $0.75
b) Tamara bought four, Teo bought five.
1.1 Identifying Prime and Composite Numbers 6. four tennis balls
1. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 7. In 30 days
2 . The n u m b e r ends in 0, so it is divisible by 5
and by 10. 1.4 Calculating Powers
3. a) c o m p o s i t e : 1, 3, 7, 21 1. a) base: 3, exponent: 7 b) base: 10,
b) p r i m e exponent: 8 c) base: 1, exponent: 3
c) c o m p o s i t e : 1,3, 1 1 , 33 2. a) 7 X 7 X 7
d) composite: 1, 3, 13, 39 b) 12 X 12 X 12 X 12 X 12
e) c o m p o s i t e : 1, 3, 17, 51 c) 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4
f) prime d) 25 x 25 X 25 X 25
4. a) N o , it is composite. 3. a) 29 b) 9* c) d) 103^
b) The area of the park can be divided by 4. a) 32 = 9 b) 23 = 8 c) 52 = 25 d) 43 = 64
itself, 1, 17, and 1 1 . e) 34 = 81 f) 2^ = 32
5. a) 2187 b) 6561 c) 20 736 d) 390 625
1.2 Prime Factorization e) 0.031 25 f) 0.456 533 g) 39.69 h) 8615.125
1. a) The missing factor is 3; 18 = 2 x 3 x 3 6. a) 0.7 X 0.7 x 0.7 x 0.7 = 0.2401
b) The missing factors are 45 and 5; b) 1 1 x 1 1 x 1 1 = 1331
225 = 3 X 3 X 5 X 5 c) 1.3 X 1.3 = 1.69
2. a) 5 X 19 d) 99 X 99 X 99 X 99 = 96 059 601
b) 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 X 7 7. a) 44 = 256 b) 6^ = 46 656 c) 133 = 2197
c) 2 X 2 X 41 d) 3^ = 2187
d) 2 x 3 x 5 x 5 8. a) < b) < c) < d) > e) > f) > g) < h) > i) <
3. a ) 2 b ) 3 c ) 7 d ) 5 e ) 23 f) 3 g) 13 h) 3 9. 531 441 pieces of paper
4. 10. 6561 elastic bands
119
11. seven times
17
1.5 Expanded Form and Scientific Notation
5. 6859
1. a) 2 b) 3 c) 2 d) 6
2. a) 102, 10, 1 b) 103, 102, 1 c) 2, 0, 8 d) 430
3. b ) 3 4 8 1 , 3.481 x 103
c) 7110, 7 X 103 + 1 X 102 + 1 X 10
d) 9 X 103 + 8 X 102 + 5 X 10 + 4 X 1,
9.854 X 103
1.3 Common Factors and Common Multiples
e) 88 030, 8 X 10* + 8 X 103 + 3 X 10
1. b) 25 and 750 c) 40 and 240 d) 10 and 2100 f) 1 X 10" + 7 X 102 + 7 X 10 + 2 X 1,
e) 50 and 150 1.0772 X 10*
2. Possible answers include the f o l l o w i n g : g) 109 005, 1.090 05 X 10^
a) 2 , 7 , 14 and 84, 168, and 252 h) 60 300, 6 X 10* + 3 X 102
b) 5, 10, 25 and 350, 700, and 1050 4. a) < b) > c) >
c) 8, 12, 24 and 144, 288, and 432
d) 4, 6, 12 and 264, 528, and 792 1.6 Square Roots
3. a) 15 and 90 b) 5 and 350 c) 18 and 252 1. a) 3 b) 5 c) 7 d) 8 e) 9 f) 11 g) 20 h) 60
d) 21 and 252

Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson

130 Answers
 2 . b) 8.1 c) 4.9 d) 10.1 e) 3.2 f) 5.9
3. a) 4.359 b) 5.745 c) 9.220 d) 11.747 e) 27.148
f) 22.091
4. 25 m X 25 m
1.7 Exploring Square Roots and Squares
1. a) 3 cm b) 9 c m ^ c) 4.243 c m
2. a) 36 c m 2 b) 64 m2 c) 121 c m ^
3. a) 8.485 cm b) 11.314 m c) 15.556 c m
4. a) 7 cm b) 12 c m c) 15 m
5. a) 9.899 c m b) 16.971 c m c) 21.213 m
1.8 Order of Operations
1. a) Selena did not do all the multiplication
first before starting to add.
b) Nathan started by a d d i n g .
c) 9
2 . a) (5 - 1) X 6 = 24
b) 12 ^ (4 - 1) = 4
c) (3 + 4) X (6 - 5) = 7
d) (6 + 8) ^ 2 = 7
e) (1 + 2)2 = 9
f) 20 - (3 X 2 + 5) = 9
3. a) 44 b) 17 c) 80 d) 270 e) 100 f) 3
4. a) 20 b) 23 c) 75 d) 5 e) 12.5 f) 81 g) 2 h) 3
5. (15 + 22 + 53) ^ (12 + 18) = 3
6. 4 X 12 + 6 X 8 = 96
1.9 Communicating about Number Problems
1. a) 5.91 X 109 km b) 4.1685 x 10^ m i n
2. a) 5.9737 x 102* kg b) 7.3749 X IO22 kg
Test Yourself
1. a) neither
b) prime
c) c o m p o s i t e : 1, 3, 7, 21
d) c o m p o s i t e : 1, 5, 17, 85
e) p r i m e
f) c o m p o s i t e : 1, 2, 19, 38
2. a) 78 = 2 X 3 X 13
b) 675 = 3 X 3 X 3 X 5 X 5
c) 1092 = 2 X 2 X 3 X 7 X 13
d) 660 = 2 X 2 X 3 X 5 X 11
e) 567 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 7
f) 1372 = 2 x 2 x 7 x 7 x 7
3. a) 3 and 132 b) 6 and 126 c) 20 and 880
d) 1 and 285
4. a) 93 = 729 b) 3^ = 2187 c) 0.5* = 0.063
d) 5.36 = 22 164.361
5. a) 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 256
b) 4 X 4 x 4 X 4 = 256
c) 8.1 X 8.1 X 8.1 X 8.1 X 8.1 = 34 867.844
d) 7 X 7 X 7 X 7 X 7 X 7 X 7 X 7 X 7 =
40 353 607
Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson
6. a) 8 X 103 + 8 X 102 + 8 X 10 + 4 X 1
b) 1 X 10* + 9 X 103 + 2 X 102 + 3 X 1
c) 2 X 10* + 2 X 103
7. a) 7.32 X 102 b) 9.404 X 10^ c) 8.4914 X 10*
d) 1.73002 X 106
8. a) > b) > c) > d) >
9. a) 5.9 b) 5.1 c) 2.1 d) 3.2
10. a) 3.9 b) 6.6 c) 22.4 d) 47.7
11. 6159 km
12 a) 15 b) 8 c) 108 d) 3375 e) 35 f) 4 g) 3 h) 10
Chapter 2
2.1 Expressing Fractions as Decimals
1. a) 0.6 b) 0.09 c) 0.142 853 7
2. (a), (c), and (d) repeat: a) 0.1666... b) 0.3
c) 0.285 714 285 714... d) 0.7272...
3. a) < b) < c) < d) > e) < f) >
4. a) t e r m i n a t i n g b) repeating c) repeating
d) t e r m i n a t i n g e) repeating f) t e r m i n a t i n g
g) repeating h) t e r m i n a t i n g i) repeating
2.2 Multiplying and Dividing Decimals
1. a) 14.4 b) 9.24 c) 38.85 d) 175.75 e) 430
f) 2.609 523 81
2. a) 0.35 b) 33.18 c) 2.1 d) 0.0861 e) 0.322 f) 48
g) 5.491 h) 183.372
3. a) 0.9 b) 0.4 c) 0.7 d) 0.08 e) 3.9 f) 1.6 g) 5.5
h) 12.4
4. $131.63
5. 3.04 kg
6. 28 figurines
7. a) 100 lake t r o u t
b) 2714.4 kg f o r 4 t u n a , or 2950 kg for 100
lake trout
8. a) $3.12 b) $0.61
9. $2.80
10. 18.6 km/h
2.3 Exploring Ratios
1. a) 3 : 3 b) 8 : 1 c) 1:8 d) 7 : 8 e) 2 4 : 4 0
2. a) 4 : 3 b ) 1 : 3 c ) 2 : 4 d )
3:2:1
3. Your pattern should have 12 squares in one
colour, and 4 squares in a different colour.
2.4 Ratios
1. a ) 2 b ) 2 c ) 6 d ) 1 5 e ) 2 f ) 3
2. a) 5 b) 2 c) 6 d) 10
3. a) 10, scale factor: 2
b) 15, scale factor: 5
c) 1.5, scale factor: 0.5
d) 6.3, scale factor: 3
Answers 131
 e) 24, scale factor: 0.125 2.9 Solve Problems by Changing Your Point of
f) 4.6, 9, scale factor: 3.2 View
4. 3:0.75, or 180:45 1. a) Nathan reasons that the sale price is equal
5. 40 homes to the regular price minus the discount, or
6. 28 times 100% of the price m i n u s 20% of the price.
Instead of f i n d i n g the discount and
2.5 Rates subtracting it, he finds 80% of the price.
1. a) $12.21/h b) $12.67/CD c) 12 km/h d) 60 m/s To do this, he multiplies the price by 0.80.
e) $0.40/bottle f) $133/week g) $0.75/can b) J o r d a n reasons that the sale price is equal
h) 80 km/h i) $7.78/kg to 90% of the regular price. [See the
2. a) $11.25/h b) $450.00 reasoning in part (a).] So the sale price
3. a little over 14 bicycles equals $95 x 0.90. She also reasons that
4. 240 w o r d s the final purchase price is equal t o 100%
5. $81.00 of the sale price plus 15% of the sale price,
6. 2250 m m , or 2.25 m or 115% of the sale price. So the final
purchase price is equal to
2.6 Representing Percent (sale price) x 1.15, or ($95 x 0.90) x 1.15.
1. a) 25% b) 75% c) 40% d) 110% e) 80% 2. a) $130.30 b) $66.15
2. a) 75% b) 25% c) 60% d) 90% e) 20%
3. a) 272 pupils b) 68 pupils Test Yourself
4. a) $15 b) $32 c) $110.50 d) $340 1. a) 0.25 b) 0.7 c) 0.375 d) 0.34 e) 0.5625
5. six items of clothing f) 0.828 125
6. a) 4 pizzas 2. a) O ^ b ) 0.857 142 c) 0.083 d) 0.5 e) 0.904 761
b) 1 t u b of ice cream f) 0.36
c) 27 cupcakes 3. a) terminates b) repeats c) repeats
d) 6 bags of chips d) terminates e) terminates f) repeats
4. a) 8.8 b) 32.13 c) 3.81 d) 1.375 e) 57.8125
2.7 Solving Percent Problems
f) 0.04375
1. a) 25 b) 75 c) 1 d) 42 e) 25 f) 12 5. $329.38
2. 65% 6. a) 4 b) 30 c) 9 d) 2, 4 e) 3, 15 f) 20, 7
3. 60% 7. 17.28 km
4. 84 CDs 8. a) $2.80 b) $1.95 c) $17.13 d) $25.97 e) $3.49
5. 18 times f) $5936.26
6. 87.5% 9. 6 c flour, 1 1 c butter (or 1.5 c butter), and 3 c
7. about 15% sugar
8. 10.8 h 10. a) 412 b) 242 c) 340
9. 472.2 km
11. a) 15 b) 93.75% c) 275 d) 34.2 e) 86% f) 625
10. 6200 bolts
12. seven classmates
11. 50 cards
13. 42.5%
12. 40 pitches
14. a) $44.52 b) $133.56
13. $600
15. $53.06
14. $90
16. a) $151.69 b) $32.81
2.8 Solving Percent Problems Using Decimals
1. $184.54
Chapter 3
2. a) $4.50 b) $20.00 c) $24.38 d) $27.46
3. $14.77
4. a) $40.46 b) $11.24
3.1 Organizing and Presenting Data
5. $241.49 1. a) a bar graph or a stem-and-leaf plot are
appropriate
b) 58%
c) 42%
d) A playing field makes most sense, since
more students w i l l use it.

Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson

132 Answers
 3.2 Exploring Sample Size b) A g e s of Lucca S w i m m i n g Club IVIembers
12
1. a) Once tested, popcorn cannot be sold.
b) Taking a sample is m u c h easier and less
t i m e - c o n s u m i n g t h a n c o m p i l i n g data f r o m
every f a m i l y in the country.
c) Once tested, light bulbs cannot be sold.
2. a) census b) sample c) census d) sample
e) sample
3. a) census; y o u can ask every student in the
class
b) s a m p l e ; once tested, a battery cannot be
sold 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
A g e (years)
3.3 Using Electronic Databases
3. a)
1. Comparison of Canadian Visits
to Top 12 Countries Time (min) 6.5-7.0 7.0-7.5 7.5-8.0 8.0-8.5 8.5-9.0 9.0-9.5 9.5 +
160 Frequency 2 4 8 5 2 2 1

^ 140
Billing Times Over a 2 l<m Distance
O 120

« 100

2000 2001 2002 2003 6.5-7.0 7.0-7.5 7.5-8.0 8.0-8.5 8.5-9.0 9 . 0 - 9 . 5 9.5+
Years Time (min)

2. decreasing
4. a) 20 plants
3. increasing
b) No, y o u can't use the histogram to find
4. U.S.A., Mexico, U.K., France, Cuba
any specific heights. Because the data is
5. 76.2%
organized in intervals, y o u can o n l y f i n d
6. 0.7%
the approximate height of any plant.
3.4 Histograms c) Based on Benjamin's data, they w o u l d be
most likely to g r o w to 1 2 - 1 4 c m .
1. a) bar graph b) histogram c) histogram
d) bar graph e) bar graph 3.5 Mean, Median, and Mode
2. a)
Age 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 1. a) 8.3, 8, and none b) 7.5, 5.5, and 5 c) 4.3, 3,
Frequency 4 7 9 12 3 1 and 3 d) 15.3, 15, and both 14 and 15
e) 35, 35.5, and none f) 107.5, 107, and none
2. a) 4.3, 3.4
b) 4 , 1 , 3.4; the mean changed the most

Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson

Answers 133
3. a) students ( 2 0 - 2 4 ) each have their o w n
Stem Leaf
categories. A d u l t s in the m i d d l e of their
0 1245789
careers ( 2 5 - 4 4 ) also have their o w n
1 2 3 5 8 category.
2 3 6 7 c) Your answer m i g h t be something like this:
3 1 4 8 "I chose to display the data using a
4 1 3 6 histogram, because the data is organized
into intervals. According to the data and
5
my g r a p h , 63.9 thousand out of 512.8
6 4 5
t h o u s a n d people in N e w f o u n d l a n d and
7 4
Labrador are between the ages of 5 - 1 4 .
8 3 This is equal to 12.5%. I can assume that
the population of Stefan's n e w t o w n
b) 28.7 and 24.5
f o l l o w s the same pattern. Therefore,
c) 26.3 and 23
12.5% of the population of the t o w n w i l l
d) the mean changed the most
go to the j u n i o r middle school. 12.5% of
4. 18.7,19, and 20
1720 is equal t o 215. There w i l l be 215
5. a) No, 23 does not have to be one of the data
students at the s c h o o l . "
values. For example, the set of data 2 1 , 22,
24, 25 has the mean 23 but 23 is not one Test Yourself
of the values.
1. a) 120 students
b) For e x a m p l e , 2 1 , 22, 23, 24, 25
b) 25%
c) For example, 2 1 , 22, 24, 25
0 Favourite Disney C l a s s i c s
6. a) No, 23 does not have to be one of the data
30
values. For example, the set of data 15, 20,
26, 28 has a median that is 20 + 26 ^ 2, or
25
23.
b) For example, 14, 18, 23, 28, 42
c 20
S)
c) For example, 15, 20, 26, 28 •o
3

3.6 Communicating about Graphs •S

"S 15
w
0)
1- Population Distribution of
Newfoundland and Labrador E 10

I B Ba
/
<>}•

<e

IVIovie

d) The graph clearly s h o w s that S n o w White,

Bambi, and Dumbo are the top favourites.
a) The survey w a s a census since it included
every student in the school.
b) 53% and 10%
c) The percent in Rishi's class are reasonably
close t o the school percent, but they are
Age (years) not the same. Each class w i l l have a
slightly different distribution of hair colour.
b) The data is organized to be most useful
for a researcher. For example, preschool
children ( 0 - 5 ) , high school students
( 1 5 - 1 9 ) , and college or university

Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson

134 Answers
 3. Average Heights of Plants G r o w n in 3. For f o u r consecutive Fibonacci n u m b e r s , the
T w o Types of Light
difference between (greatest n u m b e r x least
n u m b e r ) and (first m i d d l e n u m b e r x second
m i d d l e number) is always 1.
4. a) For e x a m p l e , 5, 8, 13, and 21
b) 4.2
c) 4.2, 4.2, 4.2; The n u m b e r is always 4.2.
5. Other patterns include: (1) for three
consecutive n u m b e r s , the difference
between (greatest n u m b e r x least n u m b e r )
and (middle number)2 is always 1; and (2) for
six consecutive n u m b e r s , the difference
between (two greatest n u m b e r s x t w o least
3 4 5 6 numbers) and (first m i d d l e n u m b e r x second
Day m i d d l e number)2 is always less than 1.
Plants grown in sunlight
Plants grown in artificial light 4.2 Creating Pattern Rules from Models
1. a) shade the t o p square in each figure
b) shade t h e square on t h e right in each
4. a) figure
Interval (s) Frequency c) shade the t w o triangles on t h e left in each
6.0-6.9 6 figure
7.0-7.9 11 d) shade the f o u r tiles on the left in each
8.0-8.9 6 figure

9.0-9.9
e) shade the central tile in each figure
4
f) shade the three tiles to the right in each
10.0-10.9 3
figure
b) 2. a) Q

Running Times for 50 m Race

Figure 4

b)

Figure 4

6.0-6.9 7.0-7.9 8.0-8.9 9.0-9.9 10.0-10.9

Intervals (s)

c) 7.4 s and 7.5 s

d) This h i s t o g r a m s h o w s that m o r e than half Figure 4
of the students have a t i m e of 7.9 s or
less. d)

Figure 4

Chapter 4

4.1 Exploring Relationships in the Fibonacci

Sequence
1. 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610
2. a) 105 b) 104 c) 1
Figure 4
Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson
Answers 135
 f) Test Yourself
1. a) the unshaded part b) 3n + 2
2. a) the b o t t o m r o w of five tiles is shaded;
Figure 4
n + 5
3. a) n + 1 b) 2n + 1 c) 2n + 2 d) n + 4 b) the t o p t w o tiles are shaded; 2n + 2
e) 4n + 1 f) 3 n + 3 c) no tiles are shaded; 3 n
4. a) 3 n + 2, or n + n + n + 2; there are 11 tiles d) the t w o tiles t o the right are shaded;
in Figure 3. 4n + 2
b) n + 4; there are 7 tiles in Figure 3. 3. a) 6 n + 1 b) 2n + 9
c) 2n + 4, or n + n + 4, or 2(n + 2); there are 4. a) 35 b) 82 c) 65
10 toothpicks in Figure 3. 5. a) 7 b) 24 c) 4
d) An + 2, or 2(2n + 1 ) , o r n + n + n + n + 2; 6. a) The missing values are 18, 20, 22, 24, and
there are 14 tiles in Figure 3. 26.
5. 3 n + 1 b) 2 n + 1 0 c) 110 d) 11
7. a) n + 12; 42 b) 2n + 8; 68
8. 32 768
9. b) 3n + 6 c) 18 d) 24
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

4.3 The General Term of a Sequence Chapter 5

a) 13 b) 21 c) 37 d) 105
a)
• 5.1 Exploring Circles

• • 1. a) A: radius, B: circumference

• • b) C: diameter, D: c h o r d , E: arc, F: semicircle

• • 2. a) chords and arcs

• • b) diameters and circumferences (or arcs)

. ••• • ••
3. a) Your design should use only curved lines,
b) Your design should use only straight lines
Figure 4 Figure 5 f r o m one point on the circumference t o
another point on the circumference.
b) The missing values are 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
c) n + 3 5.2 Exploring Circumference and Diameter
d) 53
1. a) radius: 1.6 c m , diameter: 3.2 c m ,
3. a) 2n + 1
circumference: 10.0 c m , r=6.3,
b) 11 blocks; 21 blocks; 51 blocks; and
C - d=3.1
201 blocks
b) radius: 2.9 c m , diameter: 5.8 c m ,
4. a) 2n + 5 b) 19 tiles c) 39 tiles d) 145 tiles
circumference: 18.2 c m , C h- r = 6.3,
5. a) n + 7; 19 and 37
d=3.1
b) 2n + 2; 26 and 62
2. C ^ r always equals about 6, and C ^ d
c) 3 n + 6; 42 and 96
always equals about 3.
d) 5 n + 1; 61 and 151

5.3 Calculating Circumference

4.4 Solve Problems by Examining Simpler
1. a) 12.6 c m b) 18.8 c m c) 25.1 c m d) 31.4 c m
Problems
e) 14.4 c m f) 105.8 c m g) 226.4 c m
1. a) 15 nickels and 7 dimes
h) 0.009 c m
b) 380 cards
2. a) 12.6 c m b) 31.4 c m c) 125.6 c m d) 2.51 c m
c) 98 304 cans
e) 57.8 c m f) 79.8 c m g) 1284.9 c m
4.5 Relating Number Sequences to Graphs h) 121.58 c m
3. a) 7 c m b) 19 m c) 32.5 m m d) 11.7 c m
1. 4 n + 3
e) 56.3 m f) 44.25 c m
2. b) Pattern A: An; Pattern B: 2n + 4
4. a) 7 c m b) 30 c m c) 0.2 c m d) 14.9 m
c) 28 and 18
e) 62.2 m m f) 16.1 c m
d) 5 and 8

Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson

136 Answers
 5. a) 7.5 c m b) 3.4 c m , 21.4 c m c) 7.4 m, 14.8 m 3. a) 44 c m b) 82 c m c) 9.4 c m d) 20.7 c m
d) 43.0 m m , 135.0 m m e) 4.95 c m , 9.90 c m e) 103.0 c m f) 558.35 c m
6. 79 c m 4. 51.5 c m
7. a) 239 m b) 136.6 m 5. 13.0 m
8. a) estimate: about 180 c m ; calculation: 6. 201.0 m
201 c m 7. a) 28 c m 2 b) 907 c m 2 c) 0.5 c m 2
b) estimate: a b o u t 78 c m ; calculation: d) 0.001 c m 2 e) 9.1 c m 2 f) 606.7 c m 2
79.8 c m g) 3540.72 c m 2 h) 0.00005 c m 2
9. about 452 t u r n s 8. a) 50 c m 2 b) 615 c m 2 c) 179.0 c m 2
10. a) 7.9 m b) $53.64 d) 0.02 c m 2 e) 1.04 c m 2 f) 64.15 c m 2
g) 785 000 c m 2 h) 0.00001 c m 2
5.4 Estimating Area 9. 1.3 m2
1. 10. 66.4 m2
11. a) 6 m b) 40 c m
Dia- Circum-
meter ference Radius Area (Radius)^ >»+/2 12. a) 113 c m 2 b) 39 m2 c) 298 c m 2 d) 107.5 m2
d C r A e) 9 . 4 c m 2 f ) 52.6 c m 2
6 cm 18.84 c m 3 cm 28.26 cm2 9 cm^ 3.14
12 c m 37.68 c m 6 cm 113.04 cm2 36 cm^ 3.14
18 c m 56.52 c m 9 cm 254.34 cm2 81 cm2 3.14 Chapter 6
24 c m 75.36 cm 12 cm 452.16 cm^ 144 cm^ 3.14
30 c m 94.2 c m 15 c m 706.5 cm2 225 cm2 3.14 6.1 Exploring Integer Addition and Subtraction
36 c m 113.04 c m 18 c m 1017.36 cm2 324 cm2 3.14 1. a) < b) > c) < d) > e) < f) <
42 c m 131.88 c m 21 c m 1384.74 cm2 441 cm^ 3.14
2. b) 0 + 4 = 4
c) 5 + ( - 8 ) = ( - 3 )
48 c m 150.72 c m 24 c m 1808.64 cm2 576 cm2 3.14
3. a) 33 - 18 = 15
54 c m 169.56 cm 27 cm 2289.06 cm2 729 cm2 3.14
b) 3 - ( - 2 3 ) = 26
60 c m 188.4 c m 30 c m 2826 cm2 900 cm^ 3.14
6.2 Relating Integer Subtraction to Addition
2. 1 2 . 5 m 2
1. a) No b) Yes c) Annika
3. $141.30
2. a) 7 + 2 = 9
b) ( - 3 ) + ( - 5 ) = ( - 8 )
5.5 Calculating Area
c) 0 + ( - 5 ) = ( - 5 )
1. a)e s t i m a t i o n : 300 c m 2 ; calculation: 314 c m 2
d) 1 + ( - 3 ) = ( - 2 )
b)e s t i m a t i o n : 12 cm2, calculation: 13 c m 2
e) 10 + 11 = 21
c)e s t i m a t i o n : 108 cm2, calculation: 113 c m 2
f) ( - 4 ) + ( - 3 ) = ( - 7 )
d)e s t i m a t i o n : 48 c m 2 , calculation: 55.4 c m 2
g) ( - 2 ) + 4 = 2
e)e s t i m a t i o n : 30 000 c m 2 ,
h) 7 + ( - 1 0 ) = ( - 3 )
calculation: 32 476.7 c m 2
3. a) - 9 b) - 4 c) 10 d) 11 e) - 9 f) - 5 g) 1 h) 0
f) e s t i m a t i o n : 432 c m 2 calculation: 463.5 c m 2
i) - 8 j) 2 k) 30 I) - 8
2. 5.3 m2
3. 660.2 km2 6.3 Exploring Integer Multiplication
4. a) 15.2 m 2 b ) 2 8 c m 2
1. a) The missing values are 6, 0, and - 9 .
b) 36, 24, 33
5.6 Solve Problems by Working Backward
c) - 3 0 , - 6 0 , - 2 0
1. a) 3.4 c m b) 9.1 m c) 5.5 c m
2. a) The missing values are - 4 and 8.
2. Your circle should have a radius of 1.7 c m .
b) - 1 2 , - 1 2 , - 4 2
3. a) 6 m2 b) $744
c) 25, 18, 24
4. 3.4 m
3. a) positive integer
b) negative integer
Test Yourself
c) positive integer
1. a) radius b) chord d) negative integer
2. a) 38 c m b) 6 c m c) 1.6 c m d) 21.4 c m
e) 36.7 c m f) 57.8 c m g) 393.29 c m
h) 0.100 c m

Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson

Answers 137
6.4 Multiplying Integers
1. Next, Teo subtracts. He crosses out eight
black counters on the left side of the minus
sign, and eight black counters on the right
side. Eight positive (white) counters are left.
The answer is 8.
2. a) - 1 5 b) 6 c) 14 d) - 1 0
3. Next, Tamara counts the n u m b e r of units for
the second set of arrows. The solid a r r o w s
go to the right 9 units. So the answer must
be 9, w h i c h is the opposite of - 9 .
4. a) - 5 b) 16 c) - 2 1 d) 24
5. a) 72 b) 64 c) - 8 d) 70 e) 75 f) - 6 0 g) 160
h) - 6 8
6. a) - 5 ° C / m i n x 13 m i n = - 6 5 ° C
b) 8°C/day x 3 days = 24°C
6.5 Exploring Integer Division
1. Teo should divide the 10 counters into
g r o u p s of 5. There w i l l be 2 counters, each
w o r t h - 1 , in each g r o u p . So the answer
is - 2 .
2. Selena should d r a w seven smaller, equally
spaced arrows f r o m - 1 4 to 0. Each a r r o w
covers t w o spaces b e l o w 0, so the answer
is - 2 .
3. a) The missing values are 5 and - 1 .
b) 7, 3, 9
c) - 5 , - 7 , - 3
4. a) The missing values are - 3 , - 1 , 2.
b) - 8 , - 1 0 , - 4
c) 7, 16, 5
5. a) The pattern is: - 3 , - 2 , - 1 , 1, 2, 3
b ) T h e pattern is: 5, 3, 1, - 1 , - 3 , - 5
6. a) positive integer
b) negative integer
c) positive integer
d) negative integer
6.6 Dividing Integers
1. b ) ( - 6 ) - ( - 2 ) = 3
c) 35 - 7 = 5
d) ( - 5 5 ) - ( - 5 ) = 11
e) 8 (-8) = (-1)
f) 0 ^ ( - 4 ) = 0
2. a) 7 X ( - 8 ) = ( - 5 6 ) ; ( - 8 )
b) 3 X ( - 1 0 ) = ( - 3 0 ) ; ( - 1 0 )
c) ( - 6 ) X ( - 9 ) = 54; ( - 9 )
d) ( - 2 ) X 11 = ( - 2 2 ) ; 11
3. a) 13 b) - 1 7 c) - 4 d ) 50 e) - 3 f ) - 4
4. a) - 2 b) - 3 c) 8
5. a) - 6 9 b) 8 c) - 2 3 d) - 3 2 e) - 1 7 f) 22
138 Answers
6.7 Order of Operations with Integers
1. a) - 3 6
b) - 1 ; The answers are different because the
divisions are done in a different order in
each question.
2. a) - 8 b) - 3 c) 4 d ) 4 e ) - 6 f ) - 2
3. a) 6 b ) - 1 1 c) 22 d) 18 e) 5 f ) - 1 4
4. a) Nathan w o r k e d f r o m left to right, but he
subtracted before finishing all the
multiplication.
b) Selena started w i t h subtraction instead of
multiplication.
c) 4
5. a) - 6 b) - 1 4 c) 1 d) - 2 5 e) 21 f) 12
6. a) [ ( - 8 ) - 1 2 ] ^ ( - 4 ) = 5
b) [5 - ( - 5 ) ] X [ ( - 4 ) + 2] = ( - 2 0 )
7. a) 4 b ) - 4 c ) - 7 d ) - 1
8. - 2 3 3 m
6.8 Communicating about Calculations
1. Write an integer addition statement to s h o w
Teo's bank balance: 560 + ( - 5 5 ) + ( - 1 2 3 ) +
264 + ( - 4 5 ) = 6 0 1 . Teo has $601 in his bank
account.
2. Start by w r i t i n g an integer addition
statement. Leave a blank for the original
temperature: L + (-10°C) + 4°C =
( - 2 ) ° C . To find the answer, w o r k backward
starting f r o m today. Remember to reverse
the signs of the integers that represent
changes in temperature: ( - 2 ) ° C + 10°C +
(-4°C) = 4°C. Two days ago, the temperature
was 4°C.
3. A s s u m e the centre of the mall is 0 position,
west is negative, and east is positive. Use an
integer addition statement t o describe
Jordan's s h o p p i n g : ( - 2 5 ) + 16 + ( - 3 8 ) +
19 = ( - 2 8 ) . J o r d a n is at position - 2 8 .
Test Yourself
1. b ) ( - 2 ) + ( - 1 ) = ( - 3 )
c) 9 + ( - 7 ) = 2
d) 11 + ( - 2 0 ) = ( - 9 )
e) ( - 4 ) + 2 = ( - 2 )
f) 7 + 3 = 10
2. a) 5 b) - 7 c) - 1 4 d) - 2 2 e) 12 f) 2 g) - 2 h) 3
3. a) 5 X ( - 3 ) = ( - 1 5 )
b) 2 X ( - 7 ) = ( - 1 4 )
c) ( - 3 ) X ( - 4 ) = 12
4. - 1 8
Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson
 5. a) 3 h X ( - 6 km/h) = ( - 1 8 km) 3. [ - 3 , 1 ]
b) 2 d X 5°C/d = 10°C 4. [5, - 3 ]
6. a) ( - 2 ) X = 8
b) ( - 1 ) X = (-5) 7.3 Rotations and Reflections
c) 2 X = (-10) 1. a) (4, - 5 ) b) ( - 3 , - 2 ) c) ( - 5 , 7) d) ( 1 , 5)
d) ( - 6 ) X =18 2. a) ( - 2 , 2) b) (4, 1) c) (8, - 3 ) d) ( - 4 , - 6 )
7. a) - 3 0 b) - 3 2 c) - 2 d) - 8 e) 25 f) - 1 8 g) 4 3.
h) - 7 0 i) - 5 i) - 5 5 k) 120 I) - 6 0 m) 12 n) 2 i
g
o) - 2 A B > i'

8. a) - 7 9 5 6 b) 9968 c) - 4 6 d) 61 4"

9. a) - 2 0 b) 0 c) 0 d) 2 e) 2 f) 23 g) 3 h) - 6
10. a) 60 b) - 1 2 c) 4 d) - 1 c B'
11. 10°C + 3 X ( - 2 ° C ) + 9°C = 13°C !

-; 0 <i

Chapter 7
0
1
7.1 Coordinates of Points on a Grid 1 i
1. A: (2, 3), B: (5, - 1 ) , C: ( - 3 , 4), D : (0, 2), 4.
J
E: ( - 1 , - 2 ) , a n d F: ( - 4 , 0) 6-
2. D B
/
V
\\
t
Ai 4-

G
2' F
\D A

£'
-1 -; 0
. 1_ .. 1
F'j
E -2-
G
0.O
D
F *»
\
A E'
J 1
c
-Q-
f 7.4 Exploring Similar Figures
3. a) right b) left c) right d) right 1. b) T r i a n g l e / 4 6 C and triangle DEF: in lowest
4. a) above b) above c) b e l o w d) b e l o w t e r m s , all ratios are 1:2
5. (6, 3) Triangle GW/and triangle JLK: in lowest
t e r m s , all ratios are 2 : 3
7.2 Translations on a Coordinate System Triangle P Q f f a n d triangle ZXY: in lowest
1. a) (4, 6) b) ( - 3 , 2) c) ( 1 1 , 3) d) ( - 7 , - 1 3 ) t e r m s , all ratios are 5 : 8
2. a) j 1 Triangle MNO and triangle TSU: in lowest
i t e r m s , all ratios are 3 : 4
A B -«-
c) W h e n c o m p a r i n g similar triangles, the
^_
ratios of corresponding sides are
A B'
equivalent t o each other.
2-
2. The missing measures are 7 c m and 10 c m .
D C
-( } I 0 •""11—
f
7.5 Communicating about Transformations
D'
—2"
C 1
1. a) For example, Draw the points A{2, 4),
-4- _ 6(6, 4), C(6, 2), and D{2, 2). J o i n t h e points
to f o r m a rectangle. Reflect this rectangle
g
\_ in the x-axis and d r a w the image,
b) For example, Draw the points E ( - 3 , - 2 ) ,
b) A'{-^, 3), B'(2, 3), C'(2, - 1 ) , D ' ( - 1 , - 1 )
F ( - 1 , - 2 ) , G ( - 1 , - 4 ) , and H ( - 3 , - 4 ) .

Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson Answers 139

 Join the points to f o r m a square. Rotate 8. a) y —
k
this square 90°CW around the o r i g i n , and g. ... _

d r a w the image. Label the points of the E'

E 1'4- F'
image £', F', G', and H'. Rotate the second \
square a further 90°CW around the o r i g i n ,
and draw the new image. Label this image
E", F", G", and H".
1

-6
H
1
I
/

-2
2-

G G
0
\ H'
-

e
X

c) For example, " D r a w the points J ( - 2 , 2), , L_j ._3i-

—
K{0, A), and L(2, 2). J o i n the points to f o r m 1 r i
a triangle. Reflect the triangle in the x-axis,
i —4" \

and d r a w the image. Label the points of

-6-
the image J', K', and L'. Translate the
image [4, 2], and d r a w the second image.
b) y
Label the points of the second image J " , 2
6- -
K", and L"." -
u"

•4"' K
_
Test Yourself
2-
1. T_ f.J
i 1 1 J'
6- 0
E D M 1- -2 2

• i ' ' -2-

A
J
-4-
1 .
j_ j
£^
j 1
" -
L. —O" i 1 1
-4
1
-? 0 I ; 6 ' 1 ' i

0 y
1 A
B
-4" 6-
i

/
i 1 .„_„.].—
-r
4-
1f
M' 2. 0/ N
2. F, B, D, C, A, E
3. B, C, D, A, F, E /
/
:e I
V
0 i 6
? -
4. a) (4, 5) b) ( 3 , - 1 ) c) (4, 4) d) ( - 3 , 2) e) (3, 1)
J1 •
0
f) (7, 8) i —2"

5. A'(Q, 6), B'(2, 3), and C ' ( - 2 , 4)

t-
_

-\r-
:: -
--
_

6. E ( - 4 , - 3 ) , F ( - 3 , 1), G ( - 1 , - 2 ) , and H(1, 3)

f
y 1 , 1
: ik
T ! 6-
i : .
1i .1 .
9. The missing measures are 9 cm and 2 c m .
\ c
10. a) 30°, 70°, and 80° b) 10 cm
, / • '
11. Translate the triangle by [ 1 , - 2 ] . Draw the
1
/ ' image. Next, reflect both triangles in the
A D
^—1 ft X y-axis, and draw the image. N o w reflect both
• -i5 t -2 0 2 I 6
• sets of triangles in the x-axis, and draw the
2-
image.
! T' T

i
i— -6- . _ [ - _ ' _

Chapter 8
1
: ' : ^ l_..J......L .1

b) parallelogram
c) A'{-3, - 1 ) , e ' ( - 1 , - 4 ) , C'(5, - 4 ) , D'(3, - 1 ) 8.1 Solving Equations by Graphing
d) A"{3, 1), e " ( 1 , 4), C " ( - 5 , 4), D " ( - 3 , 1) 1. a) The missing values are 13, 19, and 25.
e) A"'(3, - 1 ) , e " ' ( 1 , - 4 ) , C " ' ( - 5 , - 4 ) , b) The solution is 7.
D"'(-3,-1)

l40 Answers Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson

 Graph of 6 n - 5 8.4 Solving Equations I
• !
1. a) about 5 b) about 2 c) about 10 d) about 3
3. a) 4 b) 4 c) 8 d) 7 e) 2.5 f) 1.3 g) 2.2 h) 4.2
;1
/
3. a) 4 b) 6.5 c) 7
/
r 4. 14.5
/
3 5. a) 20x = 200, x = 10
5 1r
/
I b ) 7 - 3f = 1, f = 2
E _
ki/' 6. b) about 7 or 8 times c) 78 + 15c = 198
i
d) 8 times
iit — 1 — — 1
1 2 3 4 5 8.5 Solving Equations II
Term number (n) 1. a) You need t o subtract 2 counters f r o m t h e
6(7) 5 = 42 - 5 = 37 right side,
2. a) b) 3 n + 2 = 8 c) n = 2
Term number 1 2 3 4 5 2. a)
Term value 6 8 10 12 14

b) 2 n + 4
c) 2n + 4 = 24
d) The solution is 10.

Graph of a Sequence
b) Subtract 3 marbles f r o m each side.

Divide both sides by 4.

H H H H
-1 1 r
2 4 6
Term number

2(10) + 4 = 20 + 4 = 24
x= 3
3. a) 7 b) 3 c) 1 2 d ) 3 e ) 8 f ) 7
8.2 Representing Pattern Relationships
4. a) 3t> - 4 = 14 b) six jewels
1. a)
5. five marbles
6. a) 0.6 b) 7 c) 0.26

8.6 Communicating about Equations

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
1. a) The n u m b e r of granola bars in each bag is
b) The equation is 2 n + 2. To solve the represented by k. Rowyn bought three
equation, w r i t e 2 n + 2 = 14, so 2n = 12, bags, so that represents 3k. Rowyn's little
and n = 6. Rowyn made 14 trays of candy brother eating 2 granola bars is t h e same
on the sixth day. as subtracting 2. The total n u m b e r of
c) 8 days granola bars at the end is 10.
b) * : = 4
8.3 Creating and Evaluating Algebraic 2. a) For example, "Paul bought four burgers.
Expressions He also bought a drink costing $1.75. The
1. a) 20/ + 3 0 b b) $350 total (not including tax) w a s $10.55. H o w
2. a) 1.25p + 0.75c b) $19 much did each burger cost?"
3. a) 13 b) 15 c) 9 d) 18 e) 30 f) 19 b) $2.20
c) For example, "I chose 6 t o represent t h e
cost of one burger. Paul bought four

Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson Answers l4l

 burgers, so that w a s represented by 4b. 3. a ) l | b ) l | c ) l | d ) 2 | e ) 2 f f ) |
I needed t o add 1.75, so I had Paul b u y a
drink for that a m o u n t . This represented 4. 3— cups
o
4b + 1.75. Then I needed the total to be
3
equal t o 10.55, so I made this t h e cost o f 5. 4 — tubes
the m e a l . " 40
6. 3 - ^ h
Test Yourself 4
3
1. x = 5 7. 6— m i n
4
2. a) 0.80X + 1.25)/b) $5.70
8. I ^ b a g s
3. a) The missing values are 16, 18 b) 2 n + 8
c) 2 n + 8 = 22 d) n = 7
9. a ) 5 ^ b ) { c ) 4 | d ) 3 ^ e ) 6 ^
4. a) 30 b) 3 c) 50 d) 22.4
5. a) 2/ + 3 b) 27
6. a) 7 5 f + 14c b) 351 g
7. a) 5 b) 7 c) 10 d) 6
8. 3 quarters 9.3 Exploring Fraction Patterns
9. a) about 5 b) about 10 c) about 2 d) about 3 1. a) The missing fractions in the t o p r o w are
10. b + 7 = 23, b = 16 eV' 1 ^ ' ^""^ 2 k - b o t t o m row, they
11. a)
b) In the t o p row, the numerator is always 1.
The d e n o m i n a t o r starts at 2 and is
doubled in each subsequent t e r m . In the
b o t t o m row, the numerator is always 1.
The d e n o m i n a t o r starts at 4 and is
b) six marbles
doubled in each subsequent t e r m .
12. For example: "Ping bought three pizzas. He
2. a) The missing fractions in the t o p r o w are
also bought a drink f o r $1.70. His total (not
including tax) came to $18.20. H o w m u c h did 4oW' Tek-
each pizza cost?" The answer is $5.50. they are
b) In the t o p row, the numerator is always 1.
The d e n o m i n a t o r starts at 4 and is
Chapter 9 multiplied by 4 t o get each subsequent
t e r m . You could also say that the
d e n o m i n a t o r is 4". In the b o t t o m row, the
9.1 Adding and Subtracting Fractions Less Than 1
numerator is always 5. The denominator
starts at 16 and is multiplied by 4 to get
each subsequent t e r m . You could also say
^ 1 that the denominator is 4 " x 4.
c) The 10th term in the t o p r o w will be or
, 2 2 11
r. The 10th t e r m in the b o t t o m r o w
3- 2 4 ' °''T2 1 048 576
5 5
, , 3 . . 8 , 12 3 will be (4'" X 4 ) '
or 4 194 3 0 4 '
«>8'*'l5'^'32' °^8 d) For the t o p row, the algebraic expression
is ^ . For the b o t t o m row, the algebraic
^'lo = 2 0 ^ " ^ 4 = 2 0 ' ' ' 2 0 expression is j ^ ; ^ .

^- ^»24'°'-l2'''40'='2T 9.4 Fractions of Fractions

1. For example:
9.2 Adding and Subtracting Fractions Greater
Thani

1. a ) 5 | b ) 4 | c ) 2 | d ) 5 ^ , o r 5 |

2. a) 4 b) 4 | c) 5 ^ d) 8 | e) 2 ^ f) 8 ^

Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson

142 Answers
 2. a) The circle is divided into t w o parts, and
one part is shaded. This shows Each
3. a) 11 b) 4 | c) 7 ^ d) 9 | e) 1o| f) 372

part is further divided into quarters, and 4. 12.5 min

one of these quarters is shaded. This
9.7 Dividing Fractions I
s h o w s J of y. Since there are 8 parts in
total, and 1 part is shaded, this shows that 1. a)2b)3c)4d)|e)6f)-:^

b) The shape is divided into quarters, and ±> ±' 1' ±

10 n o : 10110 n o : io 10 I 10 ! 10 I 10
one part is shaded. This s h o w s ^ . Each
part is further divided into thirds, and one
part is shaded. This s h o w s ^ of ^ . Since
there are 12 parts in total, and 1 part is 3. a) i or4^b)|c)|ior1^d)|e) 10
shaded, this s h o w s that ^ of 4 is 2' 16 16 27
3. For e x a m p l e : 20
f)
21
4. a , ^ o r 3 l b , A o | l , „ „ _ ^

5. 15 r o w s

9.8 Dividing Fractions II

1 = 4
1.alf b l | c l f , o r 2 d l f e ) ^ f l | g l |
4. a) 1 b) 2 o r 1 c) 24 or 8 d) 2 or 1

9.5 Multiplying Fractions

1. a) W h e n using direct multiplication, Hoshi
did not need t o m u l t i p l y the numerator o f
1^ by both 3 and 4, and the d e n o m i n a t o r
by both 3 and 4. Instead, he should have 3. a) 1 b) 1 c) 1 d) 1
multiplied the numerator of 4 by 3 (the 2 , 1 4 2
4. a) 4 X 8 b ) | x l
numerator of - ) , and the d e n o m i n a t o r of - 1 5*''2^3 = 3
3
5^
by 4 (the d e n o m i n a t o r of 7^).
b) The correct answer is ' 4

2- «'3^5''>6^2 5- ^ ' ^ ' » ' ^ 2 k * ^ » ^ l ¥ ^ ' ! « ' ^ i * > 4 9 ' l

1.. 1 , 8
^•^^20°'5^^9'^r[
^ , 6 12 , 15 15 . 5 21 , 6
«>25'^'35^'28'^>32«»^^'40 9'35
ui 6 3 21 7. 28 glasses
5
•^'40°^20'>80
8. 1 — w a l l s

^14 ,2 9.9 Communicating about Multiplication and

6. — , or 4 - cans Division
21
7. — of the package 1. a ) f b ) | c ) | d ) |

2. First, convert 0.4 ^ 0.2 into fractions t o get

9.6 Multiplying Fractions Greater Than 1
2 1
1. a) about — b) a little less than 5 —
c) a little less than 12 d) a little more than 4
2. a)5|b)8|
^ j^- You w a n t t o find out h o w m a n y 2
tenths f i t into 4 tenths. 4 ^ 2 means h o w
m a n y sets of 2 of anything are in 4 of that
t h i n g . So 4 2 has the same answer as
0.4 ^ 0.2.

Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson Answers 143

3. First, convert 0.5 into a fraction, to get ^ or 10. a ) | l b ) 4 f c ) 4 ^ d ) 6 | e ) 8 l f ) f
\ . This means that y o u need ^ of a set of 2.6
Next, convert 2.6 into a fraction, t o get ^ or 11. a) 5 b ) ^
2 ^ . Don't bother to s i m p l i f y into lowest
t e r m s , since it will be easier to find - of 12. a ) 1 8 b ) 9 | c ) l d ) | e ) l A „ |
this fraction. Draw a picture t o s h o w 2 ^ .
,o . 13
For example.
13. 1 — pages per minute
15
14. Teo is correct. | ^ is the same as
I ^ 4^ X ^ . This is equal t o the first
y o o 1
Use a different colour to shade j of the
expression t i m e s ^ .
shaded squares. 1 and ^ of the rectangles
are shaded w i t h this colour. In decimal f o r m ,
this is equal to 1.3. So 0.5 x 2.6 = 1.3.
First, find the reciprocal of the second
Chapter 10
fraction. The reciprocal of ^ is ^ . Next, use
the reciprocal to write the equivalent
multiplication. ^ -h ^ is the same as j To 10.1 Exploring Points on a Circle
m u l t i p l y the fractions, m u l t i p l y the 1. u and V, u and y, w and x
numerators and the denominators. 2- A
1 X
X 1 4 = 2. The answer is 2.
4
9.10 Order of Operations

1. a l f b U c l f dlfell^flf
centre
2. a) < b) < c) > d) >
d) This point is equidistant to points A, B,
3. a ) ^ b ) 3 c ) 1 ^ d ) 4 ^ and C because it is the centre of the circle,
and the three other points are on the rim
Test Yourself of the circle.
3. centre
raifbulci^dif

2..,lb)|c|J|d)^en^fl^9l]f
1
h) 3

3. Sheree ate more.

4. a ) l | b ) 3 A
5. a ) 6 b ) 3 | c ) 3 | d ) l l e ) 3 f
6. 5 ^ packages of cookies
10.2 Intersecting Lines, Parallel Lines, and <
Transversals
f ) 5 ^ 1. a) 20° b) 65° c) 105° d) 50° e) 165° f) 15°
2. The missing angles are 150°, 30°, and 150°.

7. For example: 10.3 Angles in a Triangle

1. a) 70° b) 48° c) 105° d) 9°
2. a) 60° b ) 2 1 ° c ) 87° d) 42°
3 °f 4 3. 45°
4. 100°
5. This triangle is not possible because the s u m
of the angles is greater than 180°.

10.4 Exploring Quadrilaterals

1 5
9. a) — of the s u m m e r b) — of the s u m m e r
8 o
1. a) = 35°, = 45°, Ac = 100°
b) Ad = 60°, Z.e = 65°, Af = 60°

144 Answers Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson

 c) = 50°, Ah = 45° Chapter 11
d) Am = 80°
2. a) 65° b) 88° c) 145° d) 146°
11.1 Exploring Cylinders

10.5 Exploring Right Triangles 1. a) B, E, D, A, C b ) E, C, A, D, B

2. 31.4 cm
1. a) The areas are 9 square units, 16 square
units, and 25 square units. 9 + 16 = 25
b) The areas are 36 square units, 64 square
units, and 100 square units. 36 + 64 = 100
c) The areas are 25 square units, 144 square
31.4 c m
units, and 169 square units.
25 + 144 = 169 22 c m
2. For e x a m p l e , " W h e n a square is d r a w n on
each side of a right-angled triangle, the s u m
of the areas of the t w o smallest squares is
equal t o the area of the largest square."

10.6 Applying the Pythagorean Theorem 10 c m

1. a) 7.2 b) 7.9 c) 6.9 d) 7.5 e) 7.6 f) 8.1

2. a) 75 cm2 b) 5.3 cm2
11.2 Surface Area of a Cylinder
3. a) 4.6 c m b) 16.3 c m c) 14.2 c m d) 3.2 c m
1. 127 c m
e) 18.9 c m f) 2.7 c m
2. a) about 85 square units
4. 17 c m
b) about 236 square units
5. 20 km
3. a) 18.84 c m 2 b) 414 c m ^ c) 1011 c m ^
6. 4.0 m
d) 339 c m 2
7. 29.75 m2
4. a) 339.1 cm2 b) 16.6 c m ^ c) 28.3 c m ^
10.7 Solve Problems Using Logical Reasoning d) 410.9 cm2
5. a) 251.2 c m 2 b) 4.0 c m ^ c) 1623.6 c m ^
1. isosceles
d) 127.4 c m 2
2. 18.6 m
3. a) 5.9 m b) 5.6 m 11.3 The Volume of a Cylinder

Test Yourself 1. a) about 162 c m ^ b) about 30 c m ^

c) about 36 000 c m ^
1. For example: adjacent angles: a and b,
2. a) 550 c m 3 b) 0.2 c m ^ c) 107.9 c m ^
opposite angles: e and g, corresponding
d) 7254.7 c m 3
angles: g and c, s u p p l e m e n t a r y angles:
3. 17.0 c m
h and e (or h and a)
2. a) 125° b) 96° c) 30° d) 108° 11.4 Solve Problems Using Diagrams
3. a) 35° b) 60° c) 75° d) 62°
1. a) 141 c m 3 b) 108 c m ^
4. Aa = 142°, Ab = 38°, Ac = 112°, Ad = 30° •
2. 850 c m 2
5. a) 60° b) 45° c) 124° d) 37°
6. a) 130° b) 138° c) 44°
11.5 Exploring the Platonic Solids
7. a) 7.2 c m b) 19.7 c m c) 30.5 c m d) 4.8 c m
1. See the table at the b o t t o m of the page.
8. 50°
9. 4.8 m
11.6 Polyhedron Faces, Edges, and Vertices
10. 24.8 m
1. 8 edges
2. 12 faces
3. a) 5 + 6 - 9 = 2 b) 8 + 12 - 18 = 2
c) 6 + 6 - 10 = 2 d ) 8 + 12 - 18 = 2
4. Tran is correct, because 11 + 5 - 14 = 2.

Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson Answers 145

Test Yourself T h e e x p e r i m e n t a l probability of getting a
red m a r b l e w a s a little greater t h a n the
1. a) 8 2 4 cm2 b) 16.7 c m ^ c ) 301.4 cm2 d) 39.9 c m ^
theoretical probability, and the experimental
2. 138 cm2
probability of getting a w h i t e m a r b l e w a s a
3. 2 2 3 8 . 8 c m 2
little less.
4. Cylinder A
5. 103.2 m3
12.3 Calculating Probabilities
6 . a) 141 cm3 b) 1.2 c m ^ c) 13 3 4 9 . 8 c m ^
1 - a ) First coin Second coin Outcome
d) 5 1 2 . 4 cm3
7. a) 3 0 5 2 1 c m ^ b) 182.1 c m ^ heads • H-H
8. 9 3 6 c m 3 heads
9. 6 + 8 - 12 = 2 tails • H-T

heads T-H
Chapter 12 tails
tails T-T

12.1 Exploring Theoretical and Experimental

b) f o u r c) 4^ d)
Probability 4 2
2. a) Coloured Numbered Outcome
1. a) o r 1 o u t o f 2 b) 0 c) or 1 out of 4 spinner spinner
( w h i t e , 1)
2 . ^, o r 1 o u t o f 8 white ( w h i t e , 2)
( w h i t e , 3)
3. 6 0 %
(grey, 1)
1 3 grey (grey, 2)
4 . a) —, o r 1 o u t o f 6 b) —, o r 1 o u t o f 2
D 6 ( g r e y , 3)
3
c) —, o r 1 o u t o f 2 d) 0 b) a s s u m i n g t h e s p i n n e r s a r e s p u n at t h e
6
5 4 s a m e t i m e (in n o p a r t i c u l a r o r d e r ) , t h e r e
5. a) — , o r 5 o u t o f 9 b) —, o r 4 o u t o f 9
y y are six possible o u t c o m e s
6. N o . A p r o b a b i l i t y o f 1 m e a n s 1 0 0 % c e r t a i n t y .
T h i s is t h e g r e a t e s t p o s s i b l e p r o b a b i l i t y .
3. a)
12.2 Theoretical and Experimental Probabilities
(W,R) (W,R) (W,R) (W,R) (W,R) (W,R)
1. a ) - b ) - c ) - (1,1) (2, 1) (3, 1) (4, 1) (5, 1) (6, 1)

(1, 2) (2, 2) (3,2) (4, 2) (5, 2) (6, 2)

2. a ) { b ) j c ) j
(1,3) (2, 3) (3, 3) (4, 3) (5, 3) (6, 3)
3. M a n u e l ' s e x p e r i m e n t a l p r o b a b i l i t y w a s (1, 4) (2, 4) (3, 4) (4, 4) (5, 4) (6, 4)
c l o s e b u t n o t t h e s a m e as t h e t h e o r e t i c a l (4, 5) (5, 5) (6, 5)
(1, 5) (2, 5) (3, 5)
p r o b a b i l i t y in q u e s t i o n 1 . T h e e x p e r i m e n t a l
(1,6) (2, 6) (3, 6) (4,6) , (5, 6) (6, 6)
probability of getting a green m a r b l e
" w a s t h e s a m e as t h e t h e o r e t i c a l p r o b a b i l i t y . 1 4 1
b) 3 6 o u t c o m e s 3^ g" ®' ^

Type of Number of Number of Number of Number of faces

Polyhedron polygon faces (in total) vertices (in total) edges (in total) at each vertex

Tetrahedron equilateral triangle 4 4 6 3

Octahedron equilateral triangle 8 6 12 4

Icosahedron equilateral triangle 20 12 30 5

Cube square 6 8 12 3

Dodecahedron regular pentagon 12 20 30 3

l46 Answers Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson

 4 . a) Shirts Shorts Outcome heads and tails. Heads could represent

denim getting a girl, and tails c o u l d represent

( B , D)
getting a boy. You w o u l d have to toss the
coin twice for each s i m u l a t i o n ,
khaki (B, K)
d) T h e e x p e r i m e n t a l p r o b a b i l i t y w i l l b e c l o s e
t o t h e t h e o r e t i c a l p r o b a b i l i t y of ~.
denim ( W , D)
white
12.6 Designing a Probability Model
khak (W, K)
1. a) F o r e x a m p l e , y o u c o u l d u s e a s p i n n e r
divided into five parts.
denim (P, D)
b) If y o u a r e u s i n g a s p i n n e r w i t h f i v e p a r t s ,
pink
label f o u r parts " o v e r the n e t " a n d o n e
khaki (P, K )
part " n o t over the net." Then spin the
s p i n n e r six t i m e s f o r o n e s i m u l a t i o n .
Record y o u r results.
c) Y o u r e x p e r i m e n t a l p r o b a b i l i t y m a y b e
a r o u n d 0.3.

12.4 Solve Problems Using Organized Lists Test Yourself

1. a)
Quarters Dimes Nickels Total 1. a ) - b ) - c ) -
4 0 0 $1.00 2 6 4

3 1 0 $0.85 2. a) -^b) — c) 0 ( t h e r e a r e n o w h i t e m a r b l e s )
b o
3 0 1 $0.80
3. a) — b) — c) —
2 2 0 $0.70 ' 24 ' 24 ' 2
2 0 2 $0.60 1 2 1
4 . a) g , a, r, d , e, n b) - c) - d) -
2 1 1 $0.65
5. P ( e v e n n u m b e r ) is t h e s a m e as t h e
1 3 0 $0.55
theoretical probability
1 0 3 $0.40
6- a) Socks Shoes Outcome
1 2 1 $0.50
brown (W-BR)
1 1 2 $0.45
white black - (W-BK)
0 0 4 $0.20
red <W-R)
0 4 0 $0.40
brown (BK-BR)
0 1 3 $0.25
black black — (BK-BK)
0 3 1 $0.35
red (BK-R)
0 2 2 $0.30 brown • (BL-BR)
blue black - (BL-BK)
b) T h e n u m b e r o f q u a r t e r s p r o g r e s s e s f r o m
red (BL-R)
o n e 4, t w o 3s, t h r e e 2s, a n d so o n .
brown • (BR-BR)
c) if y o u u s e t h e c h a r t , ^
brown black - (BR-BK)

-I red
brown •
(BR-R)

(BE-BR)
beige black - (BE-BK)
12.5 Using Simulations to Determine Probability
red IBE-R)

1. a) | | , o r 0.46 b) ~ , o r 0.54 brown - (G-BR)

green black — (G-BK)
1
2. a) red (G-R)

b) T o s s i n g a c o i n w o u l d b e a g o o d m o d e l ,
because there are o n l y t w o equal o p t i o n s .

Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson Answers l47

7. a)
$5 $10
3 0
2 1
2 0
1 2
8. a) S h e c a n s p i n t h e s p i n n e r t h r e e t i m e s , a n d
$20 Total
record w h e t h e r she gets " r a i n " three
0 $15
t i m e s in a r o w o r n o t . T h e n s h e c a n r e p e a t
0 $20
t h i s s i m u l a t i o n as m a n y t i m e s as p o s s i b l e ,
1 $30 and record the n u m b e r of times she spun
0 $25 " r a i n " t h r e e t i m e s in a r o w . By d i v i d i n g

1 0 2 $45 the n u m b e r of times she spun " r a i n " three

1 1
0 3
0 0
t i m e s in a r o w b y t h e total n u m b e r of
1 $35
simulations, R o w y n can find the
0 $30
experimental probability.
3 $60

0 2 1 $40 '^'84' °^28

0 1 2 $50

b) if y o u u s e t h e c h a r t .
10

148 Answers Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Nelson

 Nelson

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