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UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

LIQUID COOLING SOLUTIONS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION

INFRASTRUCTURE

Report Assignment 1

GROUP 11

GROUP PERSONEL:
Bregas Pambudy Siswantra (1706022565)
Levana Wibowo (1706021726)
Mohamad Sulthan Daffa R (1706023151)
Nurul Aulia Ditami (1706070942)
Shafira Azzahra Nurfatihah (1706071062)

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
February, 2020

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The usage of electronic devices has been increasing from the 2000s until now.
The increase is due to the rapid development of the world in the field of Most
Indonesian people (as much as 35.15%) use computers for one to three hours a day.
complaints that often arise is that computer performance often decreases due to
prolonged use, as well as the heat generated by the CPU computer.

Conditions such as cold, hot, dust and excessive humidity all can damage and
lessen the performance of a computer. Computer is more vulnerable to heat that
generates by the working of the computer motherboard. In addition, slowdown is one
of the result of overheating. Components can shut down when overheated and the
motherboard temperature sensor instructs hardware such as the hard drive and
processor to slow down.

In order to solve the problem, a brand-new liquid cooling solutions with long
lifetime, high temperature range, and fast in cooled down the temperature that
generated by the motherboard. The concept is effective enough to solve the problem
that already occurred like the overheat that can slowing down the computer
performance.

Aside from literature development, the Authors also has done a survey market
to see people needs and market opportunity. There are 95 respondent which consist
from 92 online-based respondents and 3 face-to-face-based respondents. Based from
those respondents, most of the respondent is collage student 57,1% and private
employee 22%. Furthermore, from the survey, the Authors also had an information
about how usual society using gadgets, more than 5 hours 44.6%. the using of the
gadget caused negatives impact that felt by the users, 65,2% said yes. Also, 91,3% of
the respondent aware that coolant is needed for cooling down the motherboard to keep
the system work stable. Desired lifetime for the coolant is 2 years until 5 years for
51,1% respondent. Respondent also aware that the base material for coolant is need to
be environmental friendly, 98,9% agree. Retail price for coolant in the market is Rp
300.000,- and 52,2% respondent want the retail price reduce to Rp 200.000,-.

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Respondent also desired an affordable price, good cooling down system, and safe for
human being and environment.

Based from the survey, the Authors interpret thirteen needs, complete with the
spesifications, the unit, the rank, and the metrics. From those needs, the Authors
choose the main needs which must be fulfill, those needs are: environmentally base
material (number metric: 2nd; metric unit: percentage of fossil material), sustainability
(number metric: 5th; metric unit: time), and can be practical in every device (number
metric: 8th; metric unit: applicable in any device). Later on, the Authors also compare
our product with existing product, which are Koolance, XSPC, Alphacool, and
Primochill Ice . In the marginal value using the regulation derived from SNI list,
MSDS list, and benchmarking results so as to find the ideal value for all existing
specifications.

In short, the market analysis for this product demonstrate that most people
Want a sustainability and practical products to keep their device work steadily. But the
challenges when they use that method is a chemical base material that most of the
waste is consisting high toxicity indicator. Based from the analysis of the five products
and/or technique existing, those products that already exist already fulfill what
customers want except the lifetime.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. iv
TABLE OF FIGURE ........................................................................................................ vi
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER 1.......................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................................1
1.2 Problem Identification ................................................................................................2
1.3 Problem Formulation ..................................................................................................2
1.4 Limitation of Problem ................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2.......................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIWEW ..............................................................................................3
2.1 Central Processor Unit (CPU) .........................................................................................3
2.1.1 The Main Parts of CPU ............................................................................................3
2.1.2 How CPU Works .....................................................................................................4
2.2 Thermal Radiation ..........................................................................................................5
2.2.1 What can cause overheat in CPU .............................................................................5
2.2.2 CPU as emitting component.....................................................................................6
2.3 Cooling System ..............................................................................................................6
2.3.1. Air Cooling System ................................................................................................7
2.3.2 Liquid Cooling System ............................................................................................7
CHAPTER 3.......................................................................................................................9
NEEDS IDENTIFICATIONS ............................................................................................9
3.1. Identification of Customer’s Needs ............................................................................9
3.1.1. Market Analysis..................................................................................................9
3.1.2. Characteristic of Respondents ........................................................................... 10
3.1.2.1 Occupation.................................................................................................. 10
3.1.2.2 Telecommunication Tool User .................................................................... 11
3.1.2.3 Classification of Duration in using telecommunications equipment .............. 11
3.1.2.4 Interference due to the Use of Telecommunications Equipment ................... 12
3.1.2.5 Respondents' needs for coolants .................................................................. 13
3.1.2.6 Lifetime liquid cooling solution (coolant) .................................................... 13

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3.1.2.7 Basic Material ............................................................................................. 14

3.1.2.8 The price of marketing a liquid cooling solution .......................................... 14
3.2 Interpreting Customer’s Needs.................................................................................. 15
3.3 List of Needs ............................................................................................................ 16
3.4 Group & Rank of Needs ........................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER 4..................................................................................................................... 19
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 5..................................................................................................................... 29
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................ 29
REFERENCES................................................................................................................. 30
APPENDIX ...................................................................................................................... 32

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TABLE OF FIGURE
Figure 2. 1 How stored data is transferred to the CPU ............................................... 3
Figure 2. 2 The CPU Cycle Action ............................................................................ 5
Figure 2. 3 The Liquid Cooling Instrumen ................................................................ 8
Figure 3. 1 Respondents’ Occupation ................................................................................. 10
Figure 3. 2 Respondent as telecommunication tool user..................................................... 11
Figure 3. 3 Respondents’ Duration of using Telecommunication equipment ....................... 11
Figure 3. 4 Respondents’ feel ............................................................................................. 12
Figure 3. 5 Respondents’ need for coolants ........................................................................ 13
Figure 3. 6 Respondents’ expectation ................................................................................. 13
Figure 3. 7 Respondents’ expectation ................................................................................. 14
Figure 3. 8 Respondents’ expectation ................................................................................. 14

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 3. 1 Interpreting Costumer’s Needs ............................................................... 15
Table 3. 2 List of Customers Needs ......................................................................... 16
Table 3. 3 Needs Group and Needs Rank ................................................................ 17
Table 4. 1 List of Metrics ........................................................................................ 19
Table 4. 2 Metric Needs .......................................................................................... 21
Table 4. 3 Benchmarking Table .............................................................................. 24
Table 4. 4 Specification List.................................................................................... 27

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Current improvement results in the fast innovation of technology. In general,
the percentage of families with a laptop has steadily expanded international as pc
utilization and internet. The overuse of laptop generates an Extremely Low
Frequency (ELF) Electromagnetic radiation. This form of radiation is also emitted
from energy lines, electrical sub-stations and television. Extended exposure to
thermal pc radiation can intense inflammation of the skin. Exposure to huge
amounts of electromagnetic radiation also can cause significant harm to healthful
cells and chromosome harm.
Thermal exposure pc radiation is the encounter due to excess using of a
computer. As an apprehension, liquid cooling is been the usage of to resolve that.
By the definition, liquid cooling is the reduction of heat in virtual and mechanical
gadgets via exploiting the homes of liquid. The liquid implemented in cooling can
be deionised water or electrically nonconductive and non-capacitive engineered
fluid, of which there are some of patented.
As if the era grow rapidly, the gadgets are getting smaller and the overall
performance expectation is increasing. The present, broadly used cooling
techniques are not efficient sufficient and this greatly affects the upkeep of a facts
center. The CPUs are installed inside the racks, which generate large amounts of
heat below worrying running conditions.
According to IT Systems, normally in an air-cooled records center about 40%
of normal electrical electricity is used for cooling whilst closing, 60% is used for
servers, networking, garage etc. The presently used cooling techniques are not
green sufficient and adds cost to the system maintenance. An appealing manner to
dissipate big warmness amount from CPUs in records center is two segment
warmth and mass switch process - boiling. Boiling is much more green than

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unmarried phase warmth switch due to the reality it shops warm temperature in the
form of latent heat resulting in low chip surface temperatures.

1.2 Problem Identification

Before formulating problems to know what have to we develop in liquid
cooling solution, first authors identified all problems which faced by the target
market. To finished that, authors used direct and indirect market place analysis
technique that is interview approach and questionnaire approach. After
accomplishing some survey and research, the problems that encountered are:

a. Lifetime coolant isn't always the same as the lifetime of a computer

b. Has coolant current condition now not reached extra than 85% biodegradable,
and the degradation time is still quite long
c. The liquid coolant are expensive

1.3 Problem Formulation

Based on the problems which have been identified, authors will cope with a
number of the troubles for developing liquid cooling solution, including:
a. What are the needs of coolant for consumers?
b. What are the specs of coolant that consumers wanted the most?
1.4 Limitation of Problem
In order to make the discussion of liquid cooling solution not going so far, then the
authors will limit the scope of discussion of this cooling design as follows:
a. Looking for coolant compositions with a protracted length of time
b. Looking for coolant compositions that has environmentally friendly
components
c. Looking for substances that makes liquid coolant not too expensive

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIWEW

2.1 Central Processor Unit (CPU)

2.1.1 The Main Parts of CPU
Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a highly complex, extensive set of electronic
circuit which performs computer operations by rapidly executing program
instructions. Central processing unit executes stored program instructions from the
storage memory. Computers use primary storage and secondary storage (Weik, 1955).
The CPU interacts closely with primary storage or main memory, also known as
random access memory (RAM), referring to it for both instructions and data.
Computer's memory holds data temporarily, at the time the computer is executing a
program. Secondary storage holds permanent or semi-permanent data on some
external magnetic or optical medium such as diskettes and CD-ROM, secondary
storage devices, as are hard disks. Since the physical attributes of secondary storage
devices determine the way data is organized on them (Weik, 1961).

Figure 2. 1 How stored data is transferred to the CPU

(Source: Torres, 2005.)

The central processing unit consists of the control unit and the arithmetic/logic
unit. The control unit of the CPU contains circuitry that uses electrical signals to direct
the entire computer system to execute stored program instructions. The control unit
directs the operation of the other units by providing timing and control signals. Control

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unit managed the computer resources. It transfers flow of data between the
CPU and the other devices. The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) contains the electronic
circuitry that executes all arithmetic and logical instructions and operations. The
arithmetic/logic unit can perform arithmetic operations, or mathematical calculations:
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The ALU unit also performs logical
operations. A logical operation that CPU do is a comparison of numbers, letters, or
special characters (uri.edu, nd).

2.1.2 How CPU Works

The way the central processing unit in association with memory, before an
instruction can be executed, program instructions and data must be placed into memory
from secondary storage device. Once the necessary data and instruction are in memory,
the central processing unit performs the following three steps for each instruction.

The first step is fetch. This step involves retrieving an instruction which is
represented by a number of operations from program memory. The instruction's
location in program memory is determined by a program counter (PC), which stores a
integer number that identifies the address of the next instruction have to be fetched.
After an instruction is fetched, the PC is incremented the instruction so that it will turn
into the address of the next instruction. Second steps is decode. The control unit
decodes the instruction and the necessary data will be transferred from memory to the
arithmetic/logic unit. These first two steps together are called instruction time. The
instructions that the CPU fetches from memory determines what is the next things CPU
will do. Last step decode which performed by the circuitry known as the instruction
decoder, the instruction is converted into signals that control other parts of the CPU.
After the fetch and decode steps, the execute step is performed. Depending on the CPU
architecture and types, decode step may consist of a single action or a sequence of
actions. In each steps of action, various parts of the CPU connected by electrical
signals. The result is all parts will performs the desired operation and then the action
is completed (Kuck, 1978).

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Figure 2. 2 The CPU Cycle Action

(Source : University of Rhode Island, nd)

2.2 Thermal Radiation

Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted from a material that is
at a non-zero temperature state and in the wavelength range from 0.1 μm to 100 μm
which due to the heat of the material (Meseguer et al, 2012). Its characteristics depend
on its temperature and by-affects the thermal state of material. Thermal radiation is
generated when heat from the movement of charges in the material (electrons and
protons in common forms of matter) is converted to electromagnetic wave. Thermal
radiation is conducted via electromagnetic waves. Thermal radiation is not only a
function of the temperature difference between the two surfaces but also the frequency
range of the emitted and received energy (Miller, 2012).

2.2.1 What can cause overheat in CPU

Computer processors are designed to operates at high temperatures and
normally for a CPU to heat up until reach temperatures of over 200o F, this kind of
state frequently acceptable (Lander, nd). CPU runs by either enabling electric signals
to pass through its transistors or by blocking them. As electricity passes through the
CPU or gets blocked, it gets turned into heat energy. Another conditions is while a
CPU in a high-performance workstation may resulting hot due to heavy multitasking
use. CPU in a regular basis that overheats is almost always a sign of a malfunctioning
system. Also all components have internal resistance due to their material

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characteristics and continuously generate heat. In additions, the room temperatures

also plays a part in the elevation of temperatures within the CPU (Lander, nd).

2.2.2 CPU as emitting component

As mention above that CPU emits the electromagnetic wave when the CPU
heats up and causing thermal radiation. But the CPU not only emits thermal radiation
but there is two more types of radiation emitted from CPU, they are low frequency
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMF) and radio frequency radiation (RF) (Lucas, 2015;
Radha et al, 2014). This type of radiation can create bodily reactions such as skin
rashes, muscle soreness and infertility. If electronic radiation exposure and heat up
mostly when extended to high levels, could cause fatigue, headache, dizziness,
breathlessness and different type of cancer. These effects are dependent upon the
amount of radiation absorbed by the body, the type of radiation, whether or not the
exposure was internal or external, and the length of exposed time (Haddow et al.,
2008). Because of that it is important to prevent this fatal and make a safety system to
our CPU. One of safety system to prevent that is cooling system, in purpose to decrease
thermal radiation from CPU.

2.3 Cooling System

As mechanical and electrical objects the CPU will occurs the inevitable power
losses induce heat generation. However, every mechanical and electrical device has a
point at which the temperature in and around it begins to cause issues. Even prior to
this point, performance may be affected by increased amounts of heat (Ellsworth,
2012). This is the key focus of this work: the affect of temperature on computer
performance. Liquid cooling is important for proper function and longevity of
electronic components. In this, effective design for the cooling system is essential in
terms of safety, reliability, and durability (Pardeshi, et al., nd). When looking for
cooling system of a computer, it is important to take into consideration the component
of CPU. CPU body parts have been built from a large variety of materials, and each
material has its own thermal conductivity. There some cooling system based on
medium to cool and the mechanism.

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2.3.1. Air Cooling System

Air cooling is by far the most common used to cool the computer system. Fans
may vary by size, speed, decibel level, and the number of fins (Ellsworth, 2012).
Additionally, the airflow of the fan may be different depending on how it is designed.
Axial-flow fans are by far the most common and can by likened to a ceiling fan.
Utilizing fans with variable speeds may save energy, allowing the user to employ
higher speeds during times of heavier usage. The speed of the fan also has an impact
on the decibel level of the fan’s ambient noise. Consequently, some users desire quieter
computer setups and are willing to sacrifice money and/or performance to gain lower
noise levels that is why some innovation in cooling system was made, like liquid
cooling system.

2.3.2 Liquid Cooling System

In recent years, there has been a growth in computer cooling which is the use
of liquid coolants to decrease component temperatures. Liquid cooling systems
similarly work like the cooling systems in automobiles as coolant is passed over vital
components, takes away heat, has this heat dispersed by means of a radiator, and
continues through the cooling circuit again. As liquid cooling higher in popularity,
other options have arisen that make this cooling solution more viable for those who
are less technically inclined. Custom liquid cooling setups remain friendly of those
looking to lower their component temperatures. These setups typically require larger
amounts of space in which to fit the radiator, coolant tubes, and coolant resevoir or
separate power supply.

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Figure 2. 3 The Liquid Cooling Instrumen

(Source: Pardeshi, nd)

Surely, liquid coolants is needed in this system. The common liquid used to
cooling the CPU is water and organic additives such as ethylene glycol, diethylene
glycol, propylene glycol methanol, ethanol, etc. The materials used to be liquid
coolants is depends on the characteristic of operation conditions the CPU. To make
any innovations from existing liquid coolants, there is additional aspect that could be
considered for selecting the materials such as perform time, lifetime, boiling point,
freezing point, corrosion rate, environmental factor and sustainability. In this case, we
collect the needs of consumer and transform the result of the needs into specification
material for liquid cooling for CPU.

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 CHAPTER 3

NEEDS IDENTIFICATIONS

3.1. Identification of Customer’s Needs

Central Processing Unit or CPU, is the brains of the computer , which performs
the primary computation. It controls the operation of the computer and performs its
data processing functions, often simply reffered to as processor. Each CPU of
computer has cooling system, that makes our PC (Personal Computer) will not be
overheated, and you will not be disturbed by the heat.

Nowadays people have known that cooling system have 2 types, there is air
cooling system and water (liquid) cooling system. Air cooling systems that use fan as
cooler that isn’t as efficient as water cooling system, the heat sinks on powerful CPU
coolers can get big, finally fans are loud. Eventhough air cooling system is cheaper
than water cooling system, but the efficiency of water cooling is higher than air-
cooling and that makes people nowadays are craving liquid cooling solutions for
cooling system in PC than air cooling system.

3.1.1. Market Analysis

In developing product liquid cooling solution, we used two main methods. We
need inputs and insight from customers that used liquid cooling solution and customers
who are lecturers. To catch the lecturers aspirations, the first method is direct market
analysis method, in which we directly interview lecturers who understand liquid
cooling solutions.

The second method is indirect market analysis method, in which we are

spreading an online survey or we can call it questionnaire. The questions is all about
the use of telecommunications equipment by customers. For this method, 92
respondents as customers answered the questionnaire. This number seen quite
representative of the customers and we made sure to pick different varieties of
respondents to support the legitimacy of the data.

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In the next subchapter, the results of the questionnaire will be presented in

words and visualization, and the results of the interview with lecturers will be
presented in the second next subchapter.

3.1.2. Characteristic of Respondents

The characteristic of our online questionnaire’s respondents will be thoughly
discussed below:

3.1.2.1 Occupation

Figure 3. 1 Respondents’ Occupation

(sumber : Reproduced from Questionnaire)

As seen in Figure x.x, most of respondents’ occupation are students at university

with, 57.1%. Then, the second most respondents are private employees with 22% . The
rest of it are government employees, entrepreneur, students at school, house wife and
teacher.

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3.1.2.2 Telecommunication Tool User

Figure 3. 2 Respondent as telecommunication tool user

(sumber : Reproduced from Questionnaire)

As seen in Figure x.x, it shows that all respondents use telecommunication

equipment with 100% so the data we get is representative.

3.1.2.3 Classification of Duration in using telecommunications equipment

Figure 3. 3 Respondents’ Duration of using Telecommunication equipment

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(sumber : Reproduced from Questionnaire)

Based on the data above, it can be seen that the use of respondents’ equipment
is quite long because the majority of the respondents use telecommunications
equipment for more than 5 hours (44.6%), for duration 3-5 hours is 38% , for 1-3 hours
is 15.2%, and the rest is under 1 hour.

3.1.2.4 Interference due to the Use of Telecommunications Equipment

Figure 3. 4 Respondents’ feel

(sumber : Reproduced from Questionnaire)

Based on the data above, the majority of respondents felt there was interference
after using telecommunications equipment for too long, which is as many as 60
respondents (65.2%). From these figures it can be concluded that the user feels
interference due to usage that is too long, which is more than 5 hours.

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3.1.2.5 Respondents' needs for coolants

Figure 3. 5 Respondents’ need for coolants

(sumber : Reproduced from Questionnaire)

Based on the data above, it can be concluded that as many as 84 people (91.3%)
felt they needed a coolant (liquid cooling solution) so that the telecommunications
equipment used by respondents did not heat up quickly so that respondents felt
comfortable using their telecommunications equipment.

3.1.2.6 Lifetime liquid cooling solution (coolant)

Figure 3. 6 Respondents’ expectation

(sumber : Reproduced from Questionnaire)
Based on the data above, it can be concluded that the lifetime coolant expected
by the majority of respondents is at the median (middle value) (47 respondents or
51.1%).

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3.1.2.7 Basic Material

Figure 3. 7 Respondents’ expectation

(sumber : Reproduced from Questionnaire)
Based on the data above, it can be concluded that almost all respondents (as
many as 91 respondents from 92 respondents) felt that making liquid cooling solutions
must come from materials that do not damage the environment, so that in the future it
can create sustainability.

3.1.2.8 The price of marketing a liquid cooling solution

Figure 3. 8 Respondents’ expectation

(sumber : Reproduced from Questionnaire)

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Based on the data above, it can be seen that the majority of respondents, as many
as 48 respondents (52.2%) expect that the price of liquid cooling will not be greater
than Rp 200,000 so that it can be consumed by many producers and the public.

3.2 Interpreting Customer’s Needs

The respondents’ needs are interpreted based on the online questionnaire and
interview results. These needs will be the basis of creating a liquid cooling solution for
telecommunication infrastructure

Table 3. 1 Interpreting Costumer’s Needs

No. Question Customer Customer Needs

Statement
1 How long they usually use Common answer Need gadget with the
telecomunication that responden specification that can provide
equiqment? given is >5 hours long time usage

2 Is there anything Common answer Need gadget with the

disturbance when you use that responded specification that can't cause any
the gadget for too long? say yes disturbance

3 Do you know the Common answer Need Gagdet with the

immediate impact if your that responded specification which doesn't heat
gadget gets hot after using it say yes up quickly
for some time?

4 Do you need coolant / Common answer Need Gadget with the liquid
liquid cooling to cool the that responded coolant as one of the
gadget? say yes components

5 if necessary, in what time Common answer Need liquid coolant which has a
period do you think coolant that responded long lifetime
should work? choose more than
5 years

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6 in your opinion, should the Common answer Need liquid coolant which has
coolant base material be that responded environmentally friendly
made from materials that say yes components
not damage the
environment?
7 what price do you know? Common answer Need Liquid coolant which has
that responded good performace but more
choose less than cheaper than with the existing
Rp 200.000,-

8 Is there any advice? Respondents Need liquid coolant that

wants a product practical, easy to carry
that practical, not everywhere, not too expensive,
too expensive, environmentally friendly, and
biodegradable, good performance
and has good
performance

3.3 List of Needs

After the team conducted surveys by doing some interviews with experts and
spread the questionnaire to the targeted markets the answers were then interpreted in
the form of a list of needs. The result of the surveys is then converted into a list of
customer needs which is used as a basis of design concept for Liquid cooling solution.
In this list of needs, groupings are carried out - groups that have similar needs.
Therefore, here is a list of needs that have been trimmed

Table 3. 2 List of Customers Needs

No. List of Customer Needs

1 Liquid cooling solution that have cheaper price
2 Liquid cooling solution from environmentally friendly material
3 Liquid cooling solution that have small size

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4 Liquid cooling solution that can be brought everywhere

5 Liquid cooling solution that have a sustainability
6 Liquid cooling solution that have a good package
7 Liquid cooling that can be free maintenance (no maintenance)
8 Liquid cooling solution that can be practical in every telecommunication
equipment
9 Liquid cooling solution that have a low viscosity
10 Liquid cooling solution that can resist corrosion
11 Liquid cooling solution that have high boiling point
12 Liquid cooling solution that have a low density

3.4 Group & Rank of Needs

After analyzing customer needs based on data that has been obtained from the
questionnaire, then each need is grouped based on the level of importance. This step
aims to classify needs that mus be prioritized and which are not. The results of
grouping needs and ranking requirements for liquid cooling solution products are
shown in the below table,

1 – Undesirable needs
2 – Not important needs
3 – Nice to have needs
4 – Highly desireable needs
5 – Essential needs

Table 3. 3 Needs Group and Needs Rank

No. Needs Needs

Rank
Retailing
1 Liquid cooling solution that have cheaper price 5
3 Liquid cooling solution that have small size 4

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4 Liquid cooling solution that can be brought everywhere 4

6 Liquid cooling solution that have a good package 3
Performance
2 Liquid cooling solution from environmentally friendly 5
material
5 Liquid cooling solution that have a sustainability 5
10 Liquid cooling solution that can resist corrosion 5
7 Liquid cooling that can be free maintenance (no 4
maintenance)
8 Liquid cooling solution that can be practical in every 5
telecomunication equipment
Properties
9 Liquid cooling solution that have a low viscocity 5
11 Liquid cooling solution that have high boiling point 5
12 Liquid cooling solution that have a low density 4

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PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

4.1 List of Metrics

In this chapter, the needs of customer from the previous chapter are interpreted
into product specification and made into list of metrics table. The product specification
consists of quantitative analysis of the customer’s needs. Metrics are parameters used
to measure, assess, compare and evaluate the quality of plans, performance, or
production. Metric is needed to analyze existing competitors and set standards used to
obtain the desired product spesifications according to consumers’ needs.

Table 4. 1 List of Metrics

No. Metric Needs Specification Metric Needs

No. unit Rank
Retailing
1 1 Liquid cooling solution that Price IDR 5
have cheaper price
2 3 Liquid cooling solution that Dimension cm 4
have small size
3 6 Liquid cooling solution that Different Many 4
have a good package Colour Options
Package
4 4 Liquid cooling solution that weight pounds 3
can be brought everywhere
Perfomance (intinya)
5 2 Liquid cooling solution from Percentage of %wt 5
environmentally friendly fossil
material material

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6 5 Liquid cooling solution that Time Years 5

have a susatinbility
7 10 Liquid cooling solution that Addition of Y/N 5
can resist corrosion inhibitor
8 7 Liquid cooling that can be Proper Y/N 4
free maintenance (no Maintenance
maintenance)
9 8 Liquid cooling solution that Applicable in Y/N 5
can be practical in every any device
telecomunication equipment
Properties
10 9 Liquid cooling solution that Viscocity Kg/s.m 5
have a low viscocity
11 11 Liquid cooling solution that Temperature C 5
have high boiling point
12 12 Liquid cooling solution that Density g/m3 4
have a low density

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4.2 Metric Needs

The metric needs are shown in the table below :

Table 4. 2 Metric Needs

No Needs

Pounds

Kg/s.m
Years

g/m3
%wt
IDR

Y/N
Cm

C
1 Liquid cooling solution that have cheaper price *
2 Liquid cooling solution from environmentally *
friendly material
3 Liquid cooling solution that have small size *
4 Liquid cooling solution that have a susatinbility *
5 Liquid cooling solution that have a good package *
6 Liquid cooling that can be free mainntenance (no *
maintenance)
7 Liquid cooling solution that can be practical in *
every telecomunication equipment
8 Liquid cooling solution that have a low viscocity *
9 Liquid cooling solution that can resist corrosion *
10 Liquid cooling solution that have high boiling point *
11 Liquid cooling solution that have a low density *

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12 Liquid cooling solution that can be brought *

everywhere

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4.3 Benchmarking of Existing Products

Benchmarking is a way to compare to similar products that is existing. that helps our
product to develop. Benchmarking helps to measure the performance of existing products, to
determine the standards of our products to meet expectations of the market. The results of
benchmarking will help in designing our products and in understanding the current state of
industry.

In our benchmarking, we choose 4 products that exisiting, there are XSPC EC6 High
Performance Premix Coolant (1000 ml), Koolance LIQ-702GN-B 702 Liquid Coolant (700 ml),
Alphacool 18549 Eiswasser Crystal premixed coolant (1000 ml), and Primochill ice (1000 ml).
The list is shown in the table below;

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Table 4. 3 Benchmarking Table

Metric Needs Specification Units Rank XSPC EC6 Koolance Alphacool Primochill
No. High LIQ- 18549 ice (1000
Performance 702GN-B Eiswasser ml)
Premix 702 Liquid Crystal
Coolant Coolant premixed
(1000 ml) (700 ml) coolant
(1000 ml)
1 Liquid cooling solution that Price IDR 5 290,000 420,000 275,000 260,000
have cheaper price
3 Liquid cooling solution that Dimension in 4 (9,8 x 3,9 x (8,5 x 2,5 x (11 x 3,5 x (9,4 x 3,4 x
have small size 3,9) 2,5) 3,5) 3,4)
6 Liquid cooling solution that Different Many 3 Yes Yes Yes No
have a good package Colour Options
Package
4 Liquid cooling solution that weight pounds 4 2.38 2,09 pounds 2,43 pounds 2,4 pounds
can be brought everywhere
2 Liquid cooling solution Percentage of %wt 5 100% 25-30% 0.10% 0%
from environmentally fossil
friendly material material

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5 Liquid cooling solution that Time Years 5 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years
have a susatinbility
7 Liquid cooling that can be Time Years 4 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years 2 Years
free mainntenance (no
maintenance)
8 Liquid cooling solution that Applicable in Y/N 5 Yes Yes Yes Yes
can be practical in every any device
telecomunication equipment
9 Liquid cooling solution that Viscocity Kg/s.m 5 No data 2,3 Kg/s.m not 1,002
have a low viscocity available determined Kg/s.m
10 Liquid cooling solution that Addition of Y/N 5 Yes Yes No No
can resist corrosion inhibitor
11 Liquid cooling solution that Temperature C 5 105 C 118 C 100 C 100 C
have high boiling point
12 Liquid cooling solution that Density g/m3 4 1,1 g/m3 1,03 g/m3 not No data
have a low density determined available

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4.4 Specification List

This table contains ideal values and marginal values of existing specification product. Its
contents are the results of a search in the literature and be used as standard for the new products.
The specification list is shown in the table below:

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Table 4. 4 Specification List

No. Metric Needs Specification Units Rank Own Value Marginal Value Ideal Value
No.
1 1 Liquid cooling Price IDR 5 IDR 250.000 - IDR 260.00 - IDR 260.000
solution that have IDR 275.000 600.000
cheaper price
2 3 Liquid cooling Dimension in 4 (9,5 x 3 x 3) in (9,4 x 3,4 x 3,4) (10 x 3,6 x 3,6)
solution that have - (12,1 x 3,9 x in
small size 3,9) in
3 5 Liquid cooling Different Many 3 Yes Yes Yes
solution that have a Colour Options
good package Package
4 13 Liquid cooling weight pounds 4 2,5 pounds 2,38 - 2,98 2,5 pounds
solution that can be pounds
brought everywhere
5 2 Liquid cooling Percentage of %wt 5 10%-25% 0%-100% 10%-20%
solution from fossil
environmentally material
friendly material
6 4 Liquid cooling Time Years 5 >2 Years 2 years 2 Years
solution that have a
sustainbility
7 6 Liquid cooling that Proper Y/N 4 No Yes Yes
can be free Maintenance
mainntenance (no
maintenance)
8 7 Liquid cooling Applicable in Y/N 5 Yes Yes Yes
solution that can be any device
practical in every

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telecomunication
equipment

9 8 Liquid cooling Viscocity Kg/s.m 5 1,3 Kg/s.m - 1,002 - 2,3 1,5 Kg/s.m - 1,7
solution that have a 1,5 Kg/s.m Kg/s.m Kg/s.m
low viscocity
10 9 Liquid cooling Addition of Y/N 5 Yes Yes Yes
solution that can resist inhibitor
corrosion
11 10 Liquid cooling Temperature C 5 105 C-110 C 100 C - 118 C 110 C - 115 C
solution that have high
boiling point
12 11 Liquid cooling Density g/m3 4 1,3 g/m3 1,03 - 1,1 g/m3 1,05 g/m3
solution that have a
low density

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 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION

The authors summarize key points based from the background until the
specification list of the product, which are

• There are three main issues which ensure the invention of liquid cooling
solution (coolant) is really important for many electronic devices, especially
personal computer
• Sustainability, non-toxicity waste, and long life time concept are three key
literature points which will be the foundation of inventing a new brand of
coolant performance on the retail market
• Based from the market behavior, make their personal computer work
steadily is the first priority, because when the pc start to heating up it will
affected the performance of the pc
• Based from the market, the retail price for coolant nowadays is kind of
expensive so they want it to the authors make it more affordable and have a
more long life time
• There are 13 needs that we defined based on the survey and we compare to
the product that we will be invent with another 4 products that are available
on the retail market
• Based on the survey benchmarking, there are 3 needs that we try to prioritize
environmentally base material (number metric: 1st; metric unit: percentage
of fossil material), sustainability (number metric: 7th; metric unit: time), and
can be practical in every device (number metric: 8th; metric unit: applicable
in any device).

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 REFERENCES

Anonymous, nd, How Computers Work: The CPU and Memory University
of Rhode Island,
https://homepage.cs.uri.edu/faculty/wolfe/book/Readings/Reading04.htm
Accessed 12 February 2020.

Chauhan, Aranya. (2017). CPU Cooling in Data Center Using a

Thermosiphon Loop with Tapered Open Microchannel Manifold (OMM). Thesis.
Rochester Institute of Technology.

Ellsworth, Spencer., (2012). Applied Computer Cooling., Creative

Commons.

Gerald E. Miller PhD. (2012) ‘Introduction to Biomedical Engineering

(Third Edition)’.

Haddow, G., Bullock, J., & Coppola, D. (2008). Introduction to emergency

management. 3rd Edition. Oxford. Elvesier.

Jing, Liu. Kunquan, Ma. (2007). Liquid Metal Cooling In Thermal

Management Of Computer Chips. Front. Energy Power Eng. China 2007, 1(4):
384–402.

José Meseguer, Angel Sanz-Andrés,et al . (2012) Spacecraft Thermal

Control.

Kuck, David (1978). Computers and Computations, Vol 1. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc. p. 12. ISBN 978-0471027164.

Lander, Steve. (nd) "What Causes a Processor to Heat Up?" Small Business
- Chron.com, Available at http://smallbusiness.chron.com/causes-processor-heat-
up-66866.html. Accessed 12 February 2020.

Liebowitz, et al (2014). Designing CPU, Memory, Storage, and Networking

for Performance-Intensive Workloads. Wiley. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-118-00819-5.

30 Universitas Indonesia
. Lucas, J. (2015). Electromagnetism. Retrieved from Livescience.com:
http://www.livescience.com/38169-electromagnetism.html

Pardeshi, K., et al (nd). Cooling system for electronics in computer system- an

overview. International Journal of Recent Engineering Research and Development
(IJRERD) Volume No. 02 – Issue No. 02, www.ijrerd.com, PP. 01-04.

PEAK ReadyUse 50/50 Prediluted Antifreeze & Coolant. (2012). Vol. 77,
No. 58.

Quesnel, N. (2017). What Fluids Can Be Used With Liquid Cold Plates in
Electronics Cooling Systems. [online] Advance Thermal Solution. Available at:
https://www.qats.com/cms/2017/11/13/fluids-can-used-liquid-cold-plates-
electronics-cooling/ [Accessed 12 Feb. 2020].

Radha, R., and Gurupranesh, P. (2014). Electromagnetic Radiation from

Electronic Appliances. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 41-46.

Rouse, M. (2014). What is liquid cooling? - Definition from WhatIs.com.

[online] WhatIs.com. Available at: https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/liquid-
cooling [Accessed 12 Feb. 2020].

Usikalu. M. R, Soneye. O & Akinpelu. A. (2018). Radiation From Different

Parts Of Laptops. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering
Research and Development (IJMPERD) Vol. 8, Issue 5, Oct 2018, 153-160.

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Computing Systems". Ballistic Research Laborator

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 APPENDIX

APPENDIX A SURVEY SHEET

SURVEY RELATED TO THE VIEWS OF GADGET USERS ON COOLING LIQUID

LIQUID COOLING SOLUTIONS

We the 6th semester student of Chemical Engineering Student, University of Indonesia

have a research about the effectivity from based material for liquid cooling solutions for
telecommunication infrastructure.

Personal Identity
Name : …….
Job/Occupation : A. University Student
B Highschool Student
C Public Employee
D Private Employee
E Others
Fill the Question Below to gather information about specification products :

No Question Answer
1 Are you a gadget user? A. Yes
B. No
2 What types of gadget did you use? Multiple Choice
A. Handphone
B. Laptop
C. Personal Computer
D. Other
3 How time you took for gadget usage? A. < 1 hour
B. 1 hour – 3 hours
C. 3 hours – 5 hours
D. > 5 hours
4 Have you feel the side effects of long usage gadget? A. Yes
B. No

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 5 Did you know about the negative effect for using the A. Yes
overheat gadget? B. No
6 Did you know the negative effect to human body due A. Yes
to thermal radiation which emits from overheat B. No
gadget?
7 Did you think it is necessary to put liquid cooling as A. Yes
chilling medium gadget? B. No
8 If Yes, What is the proper lifetime work for liquid A. < 2 years
cooling? B. 2 years – 5 years
C. > 5 Years
9 Did you think it is necessary to produce liquid A. Yes
cooling from environmental friendly material? B. No
10 Did you know the market price for liquid cooling? A. Yes
B. No
11 If Yes, What the worth place for liquid cooling in A. < Rp. 200,000.,
your opinion? B. Rp. 200,000.,- Rp.400,000.,
C. > Rp. 400,000.,1
12 Is there any recommendation or information to
innovate the existing products of liquid cooling?

Thank you for your time to filling it out the surveys.

Best Regards
Group TK-11

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