Exploration &

Production of
Hydrocarbon
• Prof. Ir. Sutrasno Kartohardjono, M.Sc., Ph.D.,
• Dr. Ir. Andy Noorsaman Sommeng, DEA
• Dr. Ir. Ardian Nengkoda, MEng.
Universitas Indonesia

Week 7

Saudi Aramco: Public

Don’t forget
protect yourself
during COVID-19
Pandemic
Exploration & Production of
Hydrocarbon Course

ü To equip you with basic knowledge of oil & gas E&P Upstream
business cycle relevant to engineering, equipment, facilities and
operation
ü To understand the E&P Upstream business and link to your
engineering background, your interest and identify how you can be fit
in
ü To identify the global issues, challenges and opportunity for future
Indonesia energy solutions
ü The learning experiences will be provided by knowledge sharing, mini
project, virtual field trip brings online and real-life experience to the
application and understanding of oil and gas E&P
 What will you learn
Introduction to reservoir
Explorasi hidrokabron: Pengenalan sifat – sifat fluida engineering: Peran field
Introduction to Oil and Gas Sedimentary basin, geologi,
Prospek, geologi, geofisik, dari hidrokarbon dan appraisal, ketidakpastian,
Business Life Cycle dan sistem hidrokarbon
dan teknik pengeboran reservoir alat, keuntungan biaya dan
aspek praktikal

Field Development: Surface facilities, metering,

Pengumpulan data dan Pengembangan pengeboran: Produksi hidrokarbon: Inflow dan transportasi: Jenis dan
interpretasi, manajemen Arah pengeboran, komplesi, Performance dan System fungsi fasiltas permukaan, EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery)
reservoir, dan simulasi operation Performance metering, trasnportasi dan
reservoir penyimpanan

Pengenalan hidrokarbon non-

Keekonomian hidrokarbon, konvensional (Coal Bed
masalah kontrak, dan Data Science in Oil and Gas Energy Transition Methane, Shale Gas, Natural
pemasaran Gas Hydrate) & Downstream/
Petrochemical
EPH Mini project
League
Classement
 Project Show Case
(April 24, 2021)

1. Theme: Towards Achieving Oil and Gas

Production Target of 1 Million BOPD oil and
12 BSCFD Gas

2. Work in group! Team-work!

3. Select one of the topic:

a. Product Design
b. Process Design
c. AI/ ML/ Data Science
Application

4. Do literature research. Propose an idea,

something new and focus on novelty

5. Output: product sketch, hand drawing,

computer drawing, computer modelling, 3D
print, miniature, mini scale

6. Prepare presentation, for project

showcase. Write clearly: background/
problem statement, objective, product /
process / AI/ ML data design

7. Judge: SKK Migas, ESDM, Industry,

Academia

8. Potential/ the best idea will be proposed

for patent
Participation in PYC International Energy Confrence 2021

https://2021.iec-pyc.org

Watch out the deadline!!!

Student Mini Project
(Week 6)
 Field Size (KM2) STOIPP
(MMBO)
20 KM A (New Oil) 20 75
B (New Oil) 3 35
C (New Oil + 5 40
Field A Field D Gas)
50 KM D (Already 15 70
produced)
6 KM
40 KM

Field C Existing Trunkline

60 KM
5 KM

Field B
100 KM

Offshore

Oil & Gas Field Development Plan Oil Processing

Onshore Land
 Your Team Task:
1. To implement “high level” Concept of “FDP: Scenario Work Flow”:
ü Develop FDP workflow:
with economic consideration using gated process and evaluate various
production challenges and operational risks such as inorganic scale,
asphaltene/ wax, sludge, emulsion, H2S.
Mini Project: ü Decide:

Oil Field
type of Artificial lift consideration if necessary. Define your strategy to
collect better data on Field A, B and C such as: G&G, Reservoir fluid sample
collection and evaluation will be part of the workflow.

Development ü Determine your:

oil and gas facilities requirement, including platform location or subsea,
Optimization platform number, production network & pipeline, hub, flaring systems and
material selection, and operation philosophy. Discuss reservoir monitoring
concept (if deemed appropriate) to optimize the field facilities cost
2. Summarize your Field Development Plan in PDF (max. 10 pages
MS. Power Point).
3. Submit your document to Dr. Ardian Nengkoda email:
petroche@gmail.com not later than 18 April 2020
Project Show Case (May 1, 2021)

• Theme: Towards Achieving Oil and

Gas Production Target of 1 Million
BOPD oil and 12 BSCFD Gas
• Teamwork
• Create 2 pages presentation:
Ø 1st page: title of invention, background,
objective, proposal/description
Ø 2nd page: drawing, process schematic,
workflow, programming
• Each team has presentation limited
to 5 minutes only!
 Team Week-1 Week-2 Week-3 Week-4 Week-5 Week-6

Group 1 3 3 3 3 3 3
Group 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
Group 3 2 3 3 3 3 3
Group 4 3 3 3 3 3 3*
Group 5 3 3 3 3 3 3
Group 6 3 2 3 3 3 3
Group 7 3 3 3 3 3 3
Group 8 3 2 2 3 3 2
Group 9 3 2 3 3 3 3
Group 10 3 3 3 3 3 3
Group 11 3 2 3 3 3 3

• Role of the games. Points:

Mini Project • No Submission = 0
Classmen • Late Submission =1
Result • On time Submission = 2
• Best Submission = 3
Student Group
Introduction to Drilling Operation

Dr. Ardian Nengkoda

Saudi Aramco: Public

 • Drilling Objective
• Rig Type and Rotary
• Drilling Bits
Table of • Mud and Cementing
Contents •
•
Horizontal Drilling
BOP
• Well Logging
• Drilling Hazard
 Drilling operations have three
basic objectives: Health, safety and
environmental (HSE) considerations supersede
Oil and Gas all other goals, even if they require changing
Drilling plans, delaying operations or incurring extra
costs. Provide a fit-for-use well.
BASIC
DRILLING
TECHNOLOGY
Drilling Rig Example
 OVERVIEW OF
DRILLING OPERATION
• Oilwells are being drilled to depths of almost six miles in
the continuing search for the lifeblood of the modern
world, fossil fuels.

• The first oilwell in the U.S. was a 69-foot hole drilled by

Edwin Drake in Pennsylvania in 1859.

• More than 20,000 wells have now been drilled offshore.

• Ocean-floor completions have been made below 1,500

feet of water, and capability exists to complete such wells
in 4,500 feet of water or deeper.
19
OVERVIEW OF
DRILLING
• Rotary drilling rig power has increased from 1
horsepower (hp) a hundred years ago to the
10,000-hp equipment now used offshore.

• The essential functions of rotary drilling rigs are

hoisting, rotating, circulating and controlling and
powering.

• The rigs consist of portable machinery and

structures that can be quickly dismantled, moved,
and reassembled on a new location.

• Rigs can be mounted on wheels or built on barges

and ships to facilitate the transportation of
equipment from rig site to rig site.
20
ROTARY DRILL PIPE
• Rotary drill pipe is special upset-end pipe with
thread and shoulder end connections (called tool
joints).

• The pipe is carefully designed to withstand the

tensile, torsional, collapse and burst stresses of
rotary drilling.

• Drill collars are heavy-walled steel tubes placed at

the bottom of the drill string to provide weight
for the bit and hold the drill string in tension.
 • Rotary drill bits may be roller cone,

OVERVIEW OF DRILLING diamond or drag types.

BITS • Roller cone bits may be of milled-

tooth construction or have tungsten
carbide inserts for teeth. They may
have plain, lubricated or journal-type
bearings.

• Diamond bits have various

configurations, but generally they
feature fairly large stones held in a
matrix that allows the diamonds to be
pressed into the bottom of the hole
when weight is applied.

• High-pressure fluid streams (jets) are

used on roller cone and drag bits to
facilitate the drilling process
developed by applied weight and
rotation.
 • The hydraulic system of a drilling
rig provides a stream of high-
velocity fluid to clean the bottom
of the hole and thus to improve
the drilling process.
• The fluid also sweeps the cuttings
out of the well and up to the
surface.
• Drilling fluid may be made of
water-base or oil-base mud,
water, air or gas.
• Water-base muds are the most
common drilling fluids; they are
made up of water, clay, inert
solids, and chemicals in order to

OVERVIEW OF DRILLING obtain the desired properties of

viscosity, gel strength and density.

MUD
 • Directional drilling uses the
principles of straight-hole
drilling to form a wellbore
that changes its angle in a
desired direction according
to a predetermined plan.

• Various types of deflection

tools are used to establish
the direction and amount of
angle away from vertical.

• Downhole measurements
and survey instruments are
OVERVIEW OF DIRECTIONAL used to determine the
direction and amount of
DRILLING angle away from vertical.
Horizontal Drilling
OVERVIEW OF DRILLING

• Fishing is a drilling operation that involves recovering

small equipment, drill pipe, drill collars, or whole
strings of pipe that may be lost or such in an oil-well.

• The operation requires various catch tools, fishing

string accessories and wireline devices to survey and
separate frozen strings of pipe.

• Blowout prevention involves using the entire hydraulic

system of a rotary rig to control formation pressure.
OVERVIEW OF BOP
• Preventing oil-well
blowouts requires
recognizing the
preliminary signs of a
blowout, utilizing the
blowout preventers
(BOPs) and circulating
fluid of the required
density to contain the
formation pressure.

27
Well head & Xtree
OVERVIEW OF WELL LOGGING

• Well logging is used to evaluate oil or gas zones in a well.

• Electric logs can make estimates of what kind and how much
production will occur
• Open-hole logs can give readings of lithology, porosity and
hydrocarbon content.

• Acoustic and radioactivity logs make accurate assessments of

porosity and estimations of permeability.

• Cased-hole logs can obtain much of the same information

through the casing.
OVERVIEW OF CASING
• Casing and cementing are the first operations
required to complete the well after the hole
has been drilled, logged, and tested.

• The purpose of casing is to prevent the wall of

the hole from caving in and to provide a means
of extracting petroleum if the well is produced.

• Several strings of casing (heavy pipe) are set

before a well reaches final depth, but the
production string is the casing set from the
underground reservoir to the surface.
OVERVIEW OF CEMENTING

• The production string may be casing set from total

depth of the surface, or it may be a liner set at some
intermediate depth.

• Cementing is an operation that prevents fluid flow

between the formation and the casing.

• The cement is pumped around the casing to seal the

annulus, to protect the casing from corrosion and to
prevent pollution of freshwater formations near the
surface.
 OVERVIEW OF WELL
TESTING

• Well testing involves an early evaluation of the

productive capacity of a well.

• It is usually performed in open hole before

casing is set.

• Well testing may involve wireline formation test

tools, drill stem testing or formation evaluation
based on core samples, electric log data, or
other methods of down-hole sampling.
WELL COMPLETION

• Well completion is the process of setting casing

and providing a passageway for fluids to flow to
the surface.

• Completing a well may involve setting a screen

liner or perforating the production pipe.

• Running and setting a packer and tubing may also

be involved in completing a well.

• Deep wells with extremely high pressures usually

require special equipment to handle completion
tasks.
 ROLE OF
DRILLING IN
FIELD
DEVELOPMENT
DRILLING
PERSONNEL
DRILLING HAZARDS

• Tools dropped while

Drilling
• Stuck Pipe
• Increased size of Hole
• Lost Circulation
Problems
• Sloughing Shale
• Bit Washout/Plugging
• Kick/Blow out
 Let us see the video

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBOtXD
_UQSo
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NQ8L
ehUWSE&t=14s
Individual Work:
Drilling Engineer
Individual work:
Theme: Can a chemical engineer be a
petroleum engineer?
• Make a poem / poetry (Puisi)
• Title: Andai Saya Seorang Drilling
Engineer
• Write about the job and challenges
• Submit your poem/ poetry in PDF to Dr.
Ardian Nengkoda email:
petroche@gmail.com not later than 5
Mei 2021
Mini Project: Drilling Operation
Your Team Task:
1. Work in a team. Select One of the news below. Read and review the news. Write an
essay and express your opinion.
2. Define clearly what is the best strategy to improve the situation from below case (max.
in 2 pages).
News:
• https://www.arabnews.com/node/1666236/business-economy
• https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/10/huge-fire-breaks-out-at-india-
gas-well-blowout
• https://oilprice.com/Energy/Crude-Oil/Worlds-Most-Expensive-Oil-Project-Just-
Got-More-Costly.html
• https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-09-17/abandoned-gas-wells-
are-left-to-spew-methane-for-eternity
4. Submit your document in PDF to Dr. Ardian Nengkoda email: petroche@gmail.com not
later than 5 Mei 2021