bets EN gs 2.9 Flexibility matrix for bar / truss element : We now derive flexibility matrix for a bar / truss element subjected to axial forces. Just like for stiffness matrix, the member ends are denoted as nodes. For each force and ‘cach deformation to be considered, such a node must be introduced and numbered. ‘The flexibility fj of a structural element has been defined as the deformation of node ‘i’ due to unit force applied at node ‘j’. Consider a bar element, hinged at one end free at the other end, where force ‘P” is applied. We know that 2 6 * © § = PL/AE . As per the definition if P=1, 5 = f 11 = L/AE, i.e the flexibility coefficient. The force displacement relation is ~ 8 =f .P—---(2.6) 2.10 Flexibility matrix for the beam element : f element are possible. i) Cantilever element, For beam element, two types o} ii) Simply supported beam element. a) Cantiléver.beam clement V1 } LAE] 2 See (@) Positive direction’ of forces are displacement (©) Moment Fig 2.10 cantilever beam the deflection and rotation . P; and P2 be the transverse load P, = 0. 811 and 82 be the corresponding P; =0, 812 and 522 be the corresponding displacements. The force displacements are given as Sa ___ (b) Transverse load In fig (a) 1 and 2 indicates, and moment. Now apply Pi, keeping displacements. Now apply P2 , keeping TD Scanned with CamScannerBy=PILYBEL ,- B= PLE! b= PaL72EL fat PELs: a the definition of flexibility, making P:= 1, fe get fn= 127 3EL and f= L’/EI. Similarly making Pa 1, we get fiz Fs Line sd fi a"UEI. Now if we apply Pi and Pz are applied simultaneously, the force: displacement relation are 81 =8n +812 = fuPrt fi2P2 a= 8 + 822 = fr Pit fonPo It can be expressed in matrix form & fu fiz Py ie 2.88 & fu fa Pp IL7/3El L3/2El} Py aed Ae, OS ee 2.8b LE LET P2 os {8} = (f] (P} 2.8¢ _ “Where {8} = Element displacement vector. [£] =Element flexibility matrix. -{ P } = Element load / foree vector. () Simply supported beam element : Consider a simply supported beam shown in fig.2.11(a).The element has rotation at the ends | and 2. We apply one force at a time. Apply P; at 1, keeping P2 = 0 as in fig (b) Pid P22 Pi=l P2=1 (rar a) G =p) ou by bn @~ ~ (b) Force at 1” (c) Force at 2 ae ‘ Fig 2.11 corresponding displacements ‘are 51; and 821.Then apply P2 , keeping P = 0, and the corresponding displacements are 83-and 522. The force displacement relationships are as: s 8u=PiL3El , §21=PiL/6El, 52=P 2L/6El, ~ 82=PLBEL Now if apply P; and P2 are applied simultaneously, then ee 818+ 82 =firPit fioP2 82= Su + 822 = far Pit fra Po Scanned with CamScannerfur fia Py far fr Pa Itcan be expressed in matrix form as “(user L/6EL LI6EI L/3EI (8) = [f] (P} ———- 296 Ki iuess For the solution of beams, any one element can be unknown. But beam element is most suitable for the solution of continuous beam. 2.10 Flexibility matrix for torsion: lement : Consider a circular shaft fixed at one end and torque P is applied at the free end, see the fig 2.12. The angular twist ‘8’ is given as ne ay s > Pb LEP, = 1 then the flexibility coefficient fy: = LG 8 =-Pi GI The force displacement relation is 8=finP ——2.10 fy =-L/GJ Flexibility coefficient fy node at 2 P2852 82=LIG) 82 =-L/GI Bu +812 = fir Pit fi2P2 82 = 821 + 822 = far Pit fo Po It can be expressed in matrix form a fir fiz T & far fa Tz GI -L/G) -L/GJ.. WG) {8} = [f] {T} Scanned with CamScannerEXAMPLE 3.1 Formulate the flexibility matrix for the beam in Figure 3.11(a) with reference co-ordinates shown. El constant Sa (a) Beam with reference co-ordinates (b) Unit force at co-ordinate 1 {oe i [eel (c) Unit force at co-ordinate 2...-' Sano (d) Unit force at co-ordinate 3 Figure 3.11 Cantilever beam (Example 3.1). Scanned with CamScannerthere are three reference co-ordinar, the beam is of the order 3 x 3 as rdinate.1 only and compute %, a i a unit force at co-o1 yen n As per the discussion "t Section 3 PEN ae the first column of the flexibility ‘matrix. Fy, displacements @1), 421 and d31» a ion, displacement instance, apply a unit moment at co-ordinate 1 and-compute thesrotatn i placement ayy axial elongation at B, which gives © a ‘The flexibility matrix for inne aespliire ofl ant = gph Bt On, hi a= 08 wae similarly, apply unit forces at co-ordinates 2 and 3 and compute the elancoe of the.secong sind third columns, respectively. Hence, the flexibility matrix is\obtained as — 5 wait 4 ae, vfonhina ait Te Nooinafa ati Bi Sail 28 an Note: When the axial deformation of the member is ignored, which is usually the case in rigid-jointed frames, co-ordinate 3 is unnecessary. Therefore, the flexibility matrix in this case may be written as $ f El (2EI ‘ ae G35) 2ET 3EI i EXAMPLE 3.2° Formulate-the fl lexibility matrix for the beam in Figure 3.1 i reference co-ordinates shown. : aoe E 7 Boy See (©) Unit force at co-ordinate 1 _ (b) Unit force at co-ordinate 2 Figure 3.12° Simply supported bear im (Example 3.2), | Apply unit force at co-ordinates dinates | ‘ ur reference co-ordinat | and 2 independent es. When a unit force ig applied ot A tee a Cisplacement a an are Scanned with CamScanner