21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Quarter 2

Context and Text’s Meaning

MODULE 3 Context and Text’s Meaning
Context originates from the notion of weaving together. It is defined as the circumstances
that form the setting of events, statements, or ideas and in the way of which it can be fully
understood and assessed. Reading a literary piece may contribute to the production of the
author and the reception of the reader as they appreciate and explore.
• The writer's context is knowing about the writer's life, values, assumptions, gender, race,
race, sexual orientation, and the political and economic issues related to the author.
• Reader's context is about the reader's previous reading experience, values, assumptions,
political and economic issues.
• The text's context is about its publishing history. It is part of the larger text such as
newspaper, history, events, translated in it.
• Social context and socio-cultural of a text feature the society in which the characters live and
in which the author's text was produced.
In this lesson, you will unravel what goes with the poem.
The structure of the poem refers to words that are put together or arranged such that they
make sense.
Imagery is creating a picture in the reader's mind by using words that appeal to the senses.
There are types of Imagery that are used in this module. (Menoy 2016))
• Visual imagery produced by the use of words that appeal to the sense of sight. • Auditory
Imagery produced by the use of words that appeal to the sense of hearing. • Kinesthetic
imagery produced by the use of words that appeal to the actions and movement.
Literary Techniques are methods the author or writer of a literary piece used to convey what
they want to impart to the reader, such as Flashback where the events have taken place before
the present time.
 MODULE 4 Creative Representation of a Literary Text
LESSON 1 Multimedia Formats in Interpreting Literary Text
Marshall (2001) defined multimedia as computer-controlled integration of text, graphics,
drawings, still and moving images (video), animation, audio, and any other media where every
type of information can be represented, stored, transmitted and processed digitally. Here are
some of the multimedia formats that you can use to creatively interpret various genres of
literary texts.
1. Blog or a “weblog” is a website containing informational articles about a person’s own
opinions, interests and experiences. These are usually changed regularly (DepEd 2013,
9).
2. . Mind mapping is a graphical technique to visualize connections of ideas and pieces of
information. This tool structures information to better analyze, comprehend, synthesize,
recall and generate new ideas. You can use Microsoft Word or online mind mapping
tools in creating a mind map (Pasuello 2017).
3. Mobile phone text tula is a traditional Filipino poem. A particular example of this poem
is a tanaga that consists of 4 lines with 7 syllables each with the same rhyme at the end
of each line. (DepEd 2013, 8).
4. Slideshow presentation is created with the use of Microsoft PowerPoint. It contains
series of pictures or pages of information (slides) arranged in sequence and often
displayed on a large screen using a video projector (Computer Hope 2018).
5. 5. Tag cloud is a visual, stylized arrangement of words or tags within a textual content
such as websites, articles, speeches and databases (Techopedia 2020).
6. 6. Video is an electronic device used to record, copy, playback, broadcast, and display
moving visual media (Lexico 2020).

LESSON 2 Applying ICT Skills in Interpreting Literary Texts

An anecdote is a short entertaining or interesting story about a real incident or person

(Nagpal 2016). Anecdotes tell about a variety of stories and tales, since they can be
about any topic under the sun. It is a short story about a real person or event which
usually intends to make the listeners laugh or ponder over a topic (Your Dictionary
2020).
For example, if a group of learners tell about their favorite pets, and one learner shares
a story about how his dog cuddles every time he comes home from school, then that
learner has just imparted an anecdote. Let's look at how John Jack Wigley made use of
anecdotes in his memoir “Home of the Ashfall”.

Let’s explore some of the purposes of anecdotes:

1. To Bring Cheer Stories pop up anywhere and these are just sometimes making people
laugh to brighten their mood. Here is an example of an anecdote meant to look back on
happy memories: • At the dinner, a Grade 11 learner shared his story on his first day at
school when he got lost and attended a wrong class.

2. To Reminisce In most anecdotes, people are talking about their experiences in the
past. They try to look back on moments in their lives and share the joy of that time
with others. Here is an example of an anecdote with a hint of reminiscence: • A
mother tells her children a story about her life in the province when she was teenager.

3. To Caution Sometimes, just giving rules for individuals is not effective. Sharing to
them frightening stories of dangers can be helpful for them to realize the possible
consequences of their actions. Here is an example of cautionary anecdote: • Before
beginning a lecture on not following traffic rules, a father tells his son an incident of
collision that caused many lives due to ignoring traffic signs.

4. To Persuade or Inspire Sometimes, people share stories on how they surpassed their
struggles in life. These, most of the time, give encouragement to others who have been
in similar situations. The message usually conveys successes in life as a fruit of hard
work. Here is an example of an inspirational anecdote: • Before beginning a remedial
class, the teacher tells the students how a boy who used to struggle in reading managed
to be a proficient reader.

21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Quarter 2
Module 5: Elements of a Short Story

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORY

1. Character– A character in a short story is a person, in some stories an animal, who
takes part in the action of the story or other literary work. The way an author
develops the character in a story is very important in making the story appeal to the
readers. It is said that the heart of the story are the characters.

The two most important characters in a short story are the protagonist and the
antagonist.
a. The protagonist is considered as the main character or most important of all the
characters. It is the character who learns something or undergoes some changes
throughout the course of the story. Some stories depict the protagonist as the hero of
the story, while in other stories the protagonist is not considered a hero as he has done
nothing heroic. In any case, the story always revolves around the protagonist.
b. The antagonist is the character that challenges the main character. It has no concern
for the well-being of the main character. The antagonist may be a person, the nature,
the society, or any intangible matter that contends with or creates a problem for the
protagonist.

2. Setting– The place (locale) and time (period )when the story happens is called the
setting. The setting may be based on real place and real time or it may also be based on
the author’s imagination. When analyzing the setting of the story, consider where the
action is taking place. Most authors use descriptive words to describe the landscape,
scenery, buildings, season, or weather to provide a strong sense of setting which will
help the reader visualize the story and connect to the story’s plot.

3. Plot– A plot is the actual story. It is what the story is all about. It is also the series of
events and characters’ actions that lead to the highest point of interest in a short story.

The following are the different parts of a story’s structure:

a. Exposition –This is the beginning of the story. This is where the author introduces
the characters, identifies where the story is happening, and establishes the main
conflict.

b. Rising Action–This event occurs as you begin to move throughout the story. This is
where conflicts start to build.
c. Climax– It is the most exciting part of a short story. This is the part in the story when
important decisions are made or important things are discovered.
d. Falling Action– This point occurs after the climax as the problems in the story start to
work themselves out. The excitement becomes less and less as the conflict is resolved.
e. Resolution– This is the solution to the problem in a story. The solution may not be
what you hoped for but as long as it fits the story in tone and theme, the conflict has
been resolved.

4. Conflict– Every story needs to have a problem and this problem is called conflict. The
main character, also called the protagonist, needs to have someone or something to
challenge him. Without conflict, the story will not go anywhere and will not be very
interesting to the readers. The main character may be faced with one of the four
different types of conflict. These four types of conflict are: • man versus man; • man
versus nature; • man versus himself; and • man versus society.

5. Theme- This is the central idea in a short story and a general truth. This is considered
as the author’s message to the readers.
 6. Point of View – This is the way the story is told or narrated. It is also known as the
vantage point that a writer uses to narrate the story. The following are the types of
point of view in a short story:

a. First Person – the narrator participates in and tells the story using the pronoun ‘I’.

b. Limited Third Person – the narrator is not in the story and narrates using the
pronouns ‘she’ or ‘he’. Also, the narrator is unable to see into the minds of the
characters.

c. Omniscient Third Person – the narrator is not in the story and tells the story using
the pronouns ‘she’ or ‘he’. In this point of view, the narrator can tell the thoughts of the
characters as he can see into their minds.

Prepared by: Checked by:

JOY JAIRIZ C. CHAN RUSS DV. BASBAS

SHS-Assistant Principal II

CHARISYL V. DE GUZMAN

ANGELIE P. GARCIA

SHS Teachers