CHAPTER I

ABILITY, FUNCTION AND CYCLE

Standard of competency: After completing this chapter students should

be able to describes the ability, function and capacity of
objects/organisms in scientific manner.

Basic competencies : The student will be able to: 1) describe the

different abilities between living and non living things, 2) explain
functions of parts of the human body, and 3) describes events and
cycles.

A. ABILITY

Living and nonlivingthing differ in some ways. One way to distinguish them is
from their ability to do or not to do activities.

Inanimate objects and living Action which they can or can not do
things

Make a picture of the object which Construct your own questions and
name is written in each of the box answers about the object on the left
collumn using the following verbs.
Look at the examples.
a rock a girls
 speak
 think
 see
 hear
a bird an elephant  feel
 move
 eat
 divide
 die
 grow
a cell a plant  fly
 change in shape
 reproduce
 breathe

Examples : a. Can a snake breathe?  Yes, a snake can breathe.

b. Can a snake speak?  No, a snake cannot speak.

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Exercice 1. Make true sentences from the words in the table:

All animals swim

living things fly
Some inanimate objects can divide
human beings reproduce
No cells change in shape
plants speak

Now look at these examples :

Plants can grow = Plants are able to grow.
= Plants have the ability to grow.
= Plants have the capacity to grow.
= Plants are capable of growing.

Task 1: Write full sentences as the answer to these questions:

a) Write 5 living things are capable of flying.

b) What animals have the capacity to sleep upside down?
c) List 5 names of living thing which can swim.
d) What inanimate objects have the capacity to fly?
e) What living things are capable of feeling?
f) What living things have the ability to think?
g) What inanimate objects are capable of changing shape?
h) What living things are able to reproduce by fission budding?
i) State 5 living things cannot walk?
j) What inanimate objects are capable of moving?

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B. FUNCTIONS IN THE HUMAN BODY

Figure 1. Internal and external parts of the human body

and their functions

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Read the text, then say what is most suitable tittle and why?

structure
The location of systems in the human body.
function
properties

The human body is made up of a number of different systems. Each

system has separate function, but some work together. One system is the

skeleton, which serves to support the body and protect the internal organs.

The respiratory system enables us to breathe and take oxygen into the

blood, which moves around the body by means of the circulatory system. The

digestive system enables us to take in food needed for growth. Waste

matter is ejected from the body by means of urinary system.

The endocrine system consists of various glands, such as the thyroid,

sex, and adrenal glands. The function of these glands is to secrete

chemicals, known as hormones, into the blood. These hormones control

various processes in the body, such as growth, sexual activities and

digestion. The nervous system controls the other systems and enables

human beings to think.

Each system is made up of organs. The lungs, for example, are part

of the respiratory system. The heart is an organ in the circulatory system.

The liver functions as part of the digestive system and other systems.

Every organ is composed of several kinds of tissue. Epithelial tissue,

which includes the skin, forms a covering over organs. Connective tissue

supports and holds together parts of the body and includes bone and

cartilage. Other types of tissue include nerve tissue and blood tissue.

All tissues consist of cells. These are so small that they are measured

in thousands of a millimeter and can only been seen with a microscope. Each

cell is covered with a thin membrane which surrounds the nucleus, and a

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 jelly-like substance, called cytoplasm. This in turn contains minute particles,

each with its own special function.

Look at this example, then make notes about other systems from the first
three paragraphs :

Name of system Function It organs include

respiratory system breathing, taking the lungs
oxygen into the blood

Exercice 2: Describe the following, with help of the words in brackets :

a). An organ ……. (structure)
b). Epithelial tissue ……. (function)
c). Connective tissue ……. (function)
d). Tissue ……. (structure)
e). Cells ……. (measurements)
f). A cell …… (structure)
g). Cytoplasm ……. (property)

Task 2. Now complete these sentences

1. Our eyes …… us …… see.

2. With the help of our mouth we are …… to speak and eat.
3. Our ears are organs for …… .
4. With the help of our noses we …… smell things.
5. Our lungs enable us to …… .
6. The lungs serve to ……. .
7. The …… of the heart is to circulate the …… .
8. The heart acts as a ……. for the blood.
9. The stomach is used for …… .
10. The liver is a place for …… .
11. The …… act as a support for the body.
12. The function of the nerves is to …… .
13. The function of the brain …… .
14. The vens are ……. .
15. The arteries serve …… .

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