MAIN EXAMINATION:

The written examination will consist of the following papers :—

Qualifying Papers :

Paper-A
(One of the Indian Language to be selected by the candidate from the Languages included in the
Eighth Schedule to the Constitution). 300 Marks
Paper-B
English 300 Marks
Papers to be counted for merit
Paper-I
Essay 250 Marks
Paper-II
General Studies-I 250 Marks
(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and
Geography of the World and Society)
Paper-III
General Studies -II 250 Marks
(Governance, Constitution, Polity,
Social Justice and International relations)
Paper-IV
General Studies -III 250 Marks
(Technology, Economic Development,
Bio-diversity, Environment, Security
and Disaster Management)
Paper-V
General Studies -IV 250 Marks
(Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude)
Paper-VI
Optional Subject - Paper 1 250 Marks
Paper-VII
Optional Subject - Paper 2 250 Marks
Sub Total (Written test) 1750 Marks
Personality Test 275 Marks
Grand Total 2025 Marks
Candidates may choose any one of the optional subjects from amongst the list of subjects
Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
given in para 2 below:—

NOTE : The papers on Indian languages and English (Paper A and paper B) will be of Matriculation or
equivalent standard and will be of qualifying nature. The marks obtained in these papers will not be
counted for ranking.
(i) Evaluation of the papers, namely, 'Essay', 'General Studies' and Optional Subject of all the
candidates would be done simultaneously along with evaluation of their qualifying papers on
‘Indian Languages’ and ‘English’ but the papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subject of
only such candidates will be taken cognizance who attain 25% marks in ‘Indian Language’ and 25%
in English as minimum qualifying standards in these qualifying papers.
(ii) The paper A on Indian Language will not, however, be compulsory for candidates hailing from
the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim.
(iii) The paper A on Indian Language will not, however, be compulsory for Candidates belonging to
Persons with Benchmark Disabilities (only Hearing Impairment sub-category) provided that they
have been granted such exemption from 2nd or 3rd language courses by the concerned education
Board/University. The candidate needs to provide an undertaking/self declaration in this regard in
order to claim such an exemption to the Commission.
(iv) Marks obtained by the candidates for the Paper I-VII only will be counted for merit ranking.
However, the Commission will have the discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all of these
papers.
(v) For the Language medium/literature of languages, the scripts to be used by the candidates
will be as under :—
Language Script
Assamese Assamese
Bengali Bengali
Gujarati Gujarati
Hindi Devanagari
Kannada Kannada
Kashmiri Persian
Konkani Devanagari
Malayalam Malayalam
Manipuri Bengali
Marathi Devanagari
Nepali Devanagari
Odia Odia
Punjabi Gurumukhi
Sanskrit Devanagari
Sindhi Devanagari or Arabic
Tamil Tamil
Telugu Telugu
Urdu Persian

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
 Bodo Devanagari
Dogri Devanagari
Maithilli Devanagari
Santhali Devanagari or Olchiki
Note : For Santhali language, question paper will be printed in Devanagari script; but candidates
will be free to answer either in Devanagari script or in Olchiki.
2. List of optional subjects for Main Examination :
(i) Agriculture
(ii) Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
(iii) Anthropology
(iv) Botany
(v) Chemistry
(vi) Civil Engineering
(vii) Commerce and Accountancy
(viii) Economics
(ix) Electrical Engineering
(x) Geography
(xi) Geology
(xii) History
(xiii) Law
(xiv) Management
(xv) Mathematics
(xvi) Mechanical Engineering
(xvii) Medical Science
(xviii) Philosophy
(xix) Physics
(xx) Political Science and International Relations
(xxi) Psychology
(xxii) Public Administration
(xxiii) Sociology
(xxiv) Statistics
(xxv) Zoology
(xxvi) Literature of any one of the following languages:
Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili,
Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu
and English.
NOTE :
(i) The question papers for the examination will be of conventional (essay) type.
(ii) Each paper will be of three hours duration.

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
(iii) Candidates will have the option to answer all the question papers, except the Qualifying
Language Papers, Paper-A and Paper-B, in any one of the languages included in the Eighth
Schedule to the Constitution of India or in English. Notwithstanding this, the Candidate will
have the choice to write the Optional Papers in English also if candidates opt to write Paper
I-V except the Qualifying Language Papers, Paper-A and Paper-B, in any one of the language
included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India.
(iv) Candidates exercising the option to answer Papers in any one of the languages included in
the Eight Schedule to the Constitution of India mentioned above may, if they so desire, give
English version within brackets of only the description of the technical terms, if any, in
addition to the version in the language opted by them. Candidates should, however, note
that if they misuse the above rule, a deduction will be made on this account from the total
marks otherwise accruing to them and in extreme cases; their script(s) will not be valued
for being in an unauthorized medium.
(v) Candidates should note that if any irrelevant matter/signages/marks etc. are found written
in the answer script(s), which would not be related to any question/answer and/or would
be having the potential to disclose the candidate’s identity, the Commission will impose a
penalty of deduction of marks from the total marks otherwise accruing to the candidate or
will not evaluate the said script(s) on this account.
(vi) The question papers (other than the literature of language papers) will be set in Hindi and
English only.
(vii) The details of the syllabi are set out in Part B of Section III.
General Instructions (Preliminary as well as Main Examination) :
(i) Candidates must write the papers in their own hand. In no circumstances will they be
allowed the help of a scribe to write the answers for them. The Persons with Benchmark
Disabilities in the categories of blindness, locomotor disability (both arm affected – BA) and
cerebral palsy will be provided the facility of scribe, if desired by the person. In case of
other category of Persons with Benchmark Disabilities as defined under section 2(r) of the
RPWD Act, 2016, the facility of scribe will be allowed to such candidates on production of a
certificate to the effect that the person concerned has physical limitation to write, and
scribe is essential to write examination on behalf, from the Chief Medical Officer/ Civil
Surgeon/ Medical Superintendent of a Government Health Care institution as per proforma
at Appendix – V.
(ii) The candidates have discretion of opting for his/her own scribe or request the Commission
for the same. The details of scribe i.e. whether own or the Commission’s and the details of
scribe in case candidates are bringing their own scribe, will be sought at the time of filling
up the application form online as per proforma at Appendix - VI.
(iii) The qualification of the Commission’s scribe as well as own scribe will not be more than the
minimum qualification criteria of the examination. However, the qualification of the scribe
should always be matriculate or above.
(iv) The Persons with Benchmark Disabilities in the category of blindness, locomotor disability
(both arm affected – BA) and cerebral palsy will be allowed Compensatory Time of twenty
minutes per hour of the examination. In case of other categories of Persons with
Benchmark Disabilities, this facility will be provided on production of a certificate to the
effect that the person concerned has physical limitation to write from the Chief Medical

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
 Officer/ Civil Surgeon/ Medical Superintendent of a Government Health Care institution as
per proforma at Appendix – V.

Note (1) : The eligibility conditions of a scribe, his/her conduct inside the examination hall
and the manner in
which and extent to which he/she can help the PwBD candidate in writing the Civil Services
Examination shall be governed by the instructions issued by the UPSC in this regard. Violation of
all or any of the said instructions shall entail the cancellation of the candidature of the PwBD
candidate in addition to any other action that the UPSC may take against the scribe.
Note (2) : The criteria for determining the percentage of visual impairment shall be as
follows :—
Better eye Worse eye Per Cent Disability category
Best Corrected Best Corrected Impairment
6/6 to 6/18 6/6 to 6/18 0% 0
6/24 to 6/60 10% 0
Less than 6/60 to 3/60 20% I
Less than 3/60 to No Light 30% II (One eyed person)
Perception
6/24 to 6/60 6/24 to 6/60 40% III a (low vision)
Or Less than 6/60 to 3/60 50% III b (low vision)
Visual field less than 40 Less than 3/60 to No Light 60% III c (low vision)
up to 20 degree around Perception
centre of fixation or
heminaopia involving
macula
Less than 6/60 to 3/60 Less than 6/60 to 3/60 70% III d (low vision)
Or Less than 3/60 to No Light 80% III e (low vision)
Visual field less than 20 Perception
up to 10 degree around
centre of fixation
Less than 3/60 to 1/60 Less than 3/60 to No Light 90% IV a (Blindness)
Or Perception

Visual field less than 10

degree around centre of
fixation
Only HMCF Only HMCF 100% IV b (Blindness)
Only Light Perception Only Light Perception

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
No Light Perception No Light Perception

Note (3) : The concession admissible to blind/low vision candidates shall not be
admissible to those suffering from Myopia.
(v) The Commission has discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all the subjects of the
examination.
(vi) If a candidate’s handwriting is not easily legible, a deduction will be made on this account
from the total marks otherwise accruing to him.
(vii) Marks will not be allotted for mere superficial knowledge.
(viii) Credit will be given for orderly, effective and exact expression combined with due
economy of words in all subjects of the examination.
(ix) In the question papers, wherever required, SI units will be used.
(x) Candidates should use only International form of Indian numerals (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 etc.)
while answering question papers.
(xi) Candidates will be allowed the use of Scientific (Non-Programmable type) Calculators at
the conventional (Essay) type examination of UPSC. Programmable type calculators will however
not be allowed and the use of such calculators shall tantamount to resorting to unfair means by the
candidates. Loaning or interchanging of calculators in the Examination Hall is not permitted.
It is also important to note that candidates are not permitted to use calculators for answering
objective type papers (Test Booklets). They should not therefore bring the same inside the
Examination Hall.
A. Interview Test
The candidate will be interviewed by a Board who will have before them a record of his career.
He will be asked questions on matters of general interest. The object of the interview is to assess
the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public service by a Board of competent and
unbiased observers. The test is intended to judge the mental caliber of a candidate. In broad
terms this is really an assessment of not only his intellectual qualities but also social traits and his
interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness, critical powers
of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, balance of judgement, variety and depth of interest,
ability for social cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moral integrity.
2. The technique of the interview is not that of a strict cross-examination but of a natural,
though directed and purposive conversation which is intended to reveal the mental qualities of the
candidate.
3. The interview test is not intended to be a test either of the specialised or general
knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested through their written papers.
Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special subjects of
academic study but also in the events which are happening around them both within and outside
their own State or Country as well as in modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which
should rouse the curiosity of well educated youth.
SECTION III

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
 SYLLABI FOR THE EXAMINATION
NOTE : Candidates are advised to go through the Syllabus published in this Section for the
Main Examination, as periodic revision of syllabus has been done in several subjects.

Part B—Main Examination

The main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of
understanding of candidates rather than merely the range of their information and memory.
The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers (Paper II to Paper V) will
be such that a well-educated person will be able to answer them without any specialized study.
The questions will be such as to test a candidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which
will have relevance for a career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to test the candidate’s
basic understanding of all relevant issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting
socio-economic goals, objectives and demands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and
succinct answers.
The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (Paper VI and Paper VII) for the
examination is broadly of the honours degree 1evel i.e. a level higher than the bachelors’ degree
and lower than the masters’ degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and law, the level
corresponds to the bachelors’ degree.
Syllabi of the papers included in the scheme of Civil Services (Main) Examination are given as
follows :—
QUALIFYING PAPERS ON INDIAN LANGUAGES AND ENGLISH
The aim of the paper is to test the candidates’ ability to read and understand serious
discursive prose, and to express his ideas clearly and correctly, in English and Indian language
concerned.
The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows :
(i) Comprehension of given passages.
(ii) Précis Writing.
(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.
(iv) Short Essays.
Indian Languages:—
(i) comprehension of given passages.
(ii) Précis Writing.
(iii) Usage and Vocabulary.
(iv) Short Essays.
(v) Translation from English to the Indian Language and vice-versa.
Note 1: The papers on Indian Languages and English will be of Matriculation or equivalent
standard and will be of qualifying nature only. The marks obtained in these papers will not be
counted for ranking.
Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
Note 2: The candidates will have to answer the English and Indian Languages papers in English
and the respective Indian language (except where translation is involved).
PAPER-I
Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to
keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write
concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.
PAPER-II
General Studies-I : Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and
Society.
® Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from
ancient to modern times.
® Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present-
significant events, personalities, issues.
® The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from
different parts of the country.
® Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
® History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution,
world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political
philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the
society.
® Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
® Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and
developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
® Effects of globalization on Indian society.
® Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
® Salient features of world’s physical geography.
® Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-
continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector
industries in various parts of the world (including India).
® Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone
etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features
(including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
PAPER-III
General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International
relations.
® Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant
provisions and basic structure.
® Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to
the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges
Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
 therein.
® Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
® Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
® Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers &
privileges and issues arising out of these.
® Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and
Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their
role in the Polity.
® Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
® Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of
various Constitutional Bodies.
® Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
® Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising
out of their design and implementation.
® Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various
groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
® Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the
performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the
protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
® Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health,
Education, Human Resources.
® Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
® Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance-
applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency &
accountability and institutional and other measures.
® Role of civil services in a democracy.
® India and its neighborhood- relations.
® Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting
India’s interests.
® Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests,
Indian diaspora.
® Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.

PAPER-IV
General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment,
Security and Disaster Management
® Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth,
development and employment.
Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
 ® Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
® Government Budgeting.
® Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, - different types of irrigation
and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues
and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
® Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public
Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks
and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
® Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream
and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
® Land reforms in India.
® Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on
industrial growth.
® Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
® Investment models.
® Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
® Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and
developing new technology.
® Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and
issues relating to intellectual property rights.
® Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
® Disaster and disaster management.
® Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
® Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
® Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social
networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering
and its prevention.
® Security challenges and their management in border areas - linkages of organized crime with
terrorism.
® Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.
PAPER-V
General Studies- IV: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude
This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues
relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and
conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to
determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered :
® Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human
actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics - in private and public relationships. Human Values -
lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of
Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
 family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
® Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour;
moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
® Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship,
objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the
weaker-sections.
® Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and
governance.
® Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
® Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical
concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and
conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance;
strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international
relations and funding; corporate governance.
® Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and
probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of
Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery,
Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
® Case Studies on above issues.
PAPER-VI & PAPER VII
Optional Subject Papers I & II
Candidate may choose any optional subject from amongst the List of Optional Subjects given
in Para 2.
AGRICULTURE
PAPER-I
Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable management and
conservation. Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production. Agro
ecology; cropping pattern as indicators of environments. Environmental pollution and associated
hazards to crops, animals and humans. Climate change—International conventions and global
initiatives. Green house effect and global warming. Advance tools for ecosystem analysis—Remote
Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of the country. Impact of high-yielding and
short-duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns. Concepts of various cropping, and
farming systems. Organic and Precision farming. Package of practices for production of important
cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops.
Important features, and scope of various types of forestry plantations such as social forestry,
agro-forestry, and natural forests : Propagation of forest plants. Forest products. Agro-forestry and
value addition. Conservation of forest flora and fauna.
Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops; their
multiplications; cultural, biological, and chemical control of weeds.
Soil—physical, chemical and biological properties. Processes and factors of soil formation.
Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
 Land System and its changes, Commercialization of agriculture Drain theory, Laissez faire
theory and critique. Manufacture and Transport : Jute, Cotton, Railways, Money and Credit.
Indian Economy after Independence :
A. The Pre-Liberalization Era :
(i) Contribution of Vakil, Gadgil and V.K.R.V. Rao.
(ii) Agricultrure : Land Reforms and land tenure system, Green Revolution and capital
formation in agriculture.
(iii) Industry Trends in composition and growth, Role of public and private sector, small scale
and cottage industries.
(iv) National and Per capita income : Patterns, trends, aggregate and sectoral composition and
changes therein.
(v) Broad factors determining National Income and distribution, Measures of poverty, Trends
in poverty and inequality.
B. The Post-Liberalization Era :
(i) New Economic Reform and Agriculture : Agriculture and WTO, Food processing, subsidies,
Agricultural prices and public distribution system, Impact of public expenditure on
agricultural growth.
(ii) New Economic Policy and Industry : Strategy of industrialization, Privatization,
Disinvestments, Role of foreign direct investment and multinationals.
(iii) New Economic Policy and Trade : Intellectual property rights : Implications of TRIPS,
TRIMS, GATS and new EXIM policy.
(iv) New Exchange Rate Regime : Partial and full convertibility, Capital account convertibility.
(v) New Economic Policy and Public Finance : Fiscal Responsibility Act, Twelfth Finance
Commission and Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Consolidation.
(vi) New Economic Policy and Monetary System. Role of RBI under the new regime.
(vii) Planning : From central Planning to indivative planning, Relation between planning and
markets for growth and decentralized planning : 73rd and 74th Constitutional
amendments.
(viii) New Economic Policy and Employment : Employment and poverty, Rural wages,
Employment Generation, Poverty alleviation schemes, New Rural, Employment Guarantee
Scheme.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
PAPER-I
1. Circuits—Theory :
Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; Circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh
analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits;
sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits.
Two-port networks.
2. Signals and Systems :

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
 Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals and systems; LTI systems;
convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and
differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer
function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through
discrete-time systems.
3. E.M. Theory :
Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflection and
refraction of plane waves. Transmission lines : travelling and standing waves, impedance
matching, Smith chart.
4. Analog Electronics :
Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET.
Diode circuits : Clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current
mirror; Amplifiers : single and multi-stage, differential, operational feedback and power. Analysis
of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators :
criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and
wave-shaping circuits. Linear and switching power supplies.
5. Digital Electronics :
Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL,
MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and
decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators,
timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic
implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).
6. Energy Conversion :
Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC
machines : characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors.
Transformers : principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers.
3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines : characteristics and performance
analysis; speed control.
7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives :
Semi-conductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static
characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge
converters : fully-controlled and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters;
DC-DC converters; Switch mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor
drives applications of variable-speed drives.
8. Analog Communication :
Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages;
probability models; Random signals and noise : white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal
transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation :
DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation : PM &
FM signals; narrows band FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis.
CW modulation system : Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM
receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation or AM and FM

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
 receivers.
PAPER II
1. Control Systems :
Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems;
principles and applications of feed-back. Control system components. LTI systems : time-domain
and transform-domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bode-plots and
polor plots, Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers.
State-variable representation and analysis of control systems.
2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers :
PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register settiming diagram, programming, interrupts,
memory interfacing, I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.
3. Measurement and Instrumentation :
Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance,
inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements. Signal conditioning circuit;
Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-
meter, spectrum-analyser, distoration-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT,
strain-guage, piezo-electric crystal.
4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control :
Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and
reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance
matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation;
symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concepts of system
stability : swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC
transmission.
5. Power System Protection :
Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays.
Circuit brakers. Computer aided protection : introduction; line, bus, generator, transformer
protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.
6. Digital Communication :
Pulse code modulation (PCM), defferential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation
(DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency keying
schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error detection and correction, linear block codes,
convolation codes. Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.
GEOGRAPHY
PAPER I
PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY
Physical Geography :
1. Geomorphology : Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic
forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crusts; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical
conditions of the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics;
Recent views on mountain building; Volcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of

Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.