India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
1 New Moore / South Talpatti New Moore or Purbasha or South
Talpatti was a small uninhabited offshore sandbar landform in the Bay
of Bengal, off the coast of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta region. It
emerged in the Bay of Bengal in the aftermath a cyclone in 1970. The
island was located in the coastal, shallow Bay of Bengal immediately
south of the international border between Satkhira district of
Bangladesh and the South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India,.
It is now under the waves of the Bay of Bengal.
2 Kachchatheevu or Katchatheevu or Kachativu is an uninhabited
island belonging to Sri Lanka and also claimed by India. 285-acre
island is stuated between India and Sri Lanka.
3 Barren Island (Andaman Islands) Barren Island is located in the
Andaman Sea, one of the most easterly of the Andaman Islands. It is
the only confirmed active volcano in South Asia. Along with the rest of
the Andamans, it is a part of the Indian Union Territory of Andaman
and Nicobar Islands, and lies about 135 km northeast of the territory's
capital, Port Blair. This volcanic island stands in the midst of a volcanic
belt on the edge of the Indian and Burmese tectonic plates.
Narcondum is a dormant volcano in the area.
4 Coconut Island or St. Mary's Islands, are a set of four small
islands in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Malpe in Udupi, Karnataka,
India. They are known for their distinctive geological formation of
columnar basaltic lava. It is one of the major Geological monuments in
India. The monument is considered an important site for "Geo
Tourism".
5 Narcondam Island is a small volcanic island located in the
Andaman Sea. Its central peak rises some 710 m above mean sea
level, and is formed of andesite. It is considered to be part of the
Andaman Islands, the main body of which lie approximately 114 km to
the west. The island is part of the Indian union territory of Andaman
and Nicobar Islands. The island is formed from a volcano. Narcondam
Island holds the easternmost point of the Andaman and Nicobar
Islands. Narcondam Island's mountain, at 710 meters is the second
tallest point in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the first being
Saddle Peak, North Andaman Island at 732 meters.
6 Wellington Island is off the coast of Kerala.
7 Sriharikota is a barrier island off the coast of the southern state of
Andhra Pradesh in India. It houses India's only satellite launch centre
in the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (also known as SHAR) and is
used by the Indian Space Research Organisation to launch satellites
using multi-stage rockets such as the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle. Sriharikota
separates the Pulicat Lake from the Bay of Bengal, and is home to the
town of Pulicat.
8 Rameswaram is a town in Ramanathapuram district in the Indian
state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on Pamban Island separated from
mainland India by the Pamban channel and is about 50 kilometres
from Mannar Island, Sri Lanka. Pamban Island, also known as
Rameswaram Island, is connected to mainland India by the Pamban
Bridge. Rameswaram is the terminus of the railway line from Chennai
and Madurai. It is situated in the Gulf of Mannar at the very tip of the
Indian peninsula. The beach of Rameswaram is famous for its beautiful
sea featured with no waves at all. The sea waves rise to a maximum
height of 3 cm and the view looks like a very big river.
9 Pamban Island also known as Rameswaram Island, is an island
located between peninsular India and Sri Lanka. The island is a part of
India. The principal town in the island is the pilgrimage centre of
Rameswaram.
10 Diu is a city in Diu district in the union territory of Daman and Diu,
India.Diu District is an island lying off the south coast of Gujarat's
Kathiawar peninsula, separated from the mainland by a tidal creek. It
has an area of 40 km², and a population of 44,110 (2001 census).
11 Salsette Island is an island in Maharashtra state on India's west
coast. The metropolis of Mumbai (formerly Bombay) and the city of
Thane lie on this island, making it the 14th most populous island and
the 3rd most densely populated island in the world, after Ap Lei Chau
in Hong Kong, China and Malé Island in Maldives. The area is
earthquake prone. The island is mostly composed of black basalt rock.
There are three major lakes on the island Powai Lake, Tulsi Lake and
Vihar Lake. The Mithi River originates from the Powai Lake.
12 North Andaman Island is the northernmost island of Great
Andaman of the Andaman Islands. Known for its marine life, the
island's main industries are rice and orange-growing. The island is
home to the highest point in the archipelago, Saddle Peak at 738
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
metres. North Andaman experiences fairly frequent large earthquakes
and suffered inundation from the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
tsunami.
13 Middle Andaman Island is the central island of the Great
Andaman archipelago. Population of Middle Andaman consists of
Bengali Settlers, Tamilians, and Keralites. The main occupation of the
inhabitants is farming and Agriculture. The island is also home to many
of the Jarawa people.
14 South Andaman Island is the southernmost island of the Great
Andaman and is home to the majority of the population of the
Andaman Islands. Port Blair, the capital of the islands, is located on
the southern part of this island. South Andaman is the third largest
island in the island group. It is located immediately south of Middle
Andaman Island. It had a population of 181,949 as of the 2001 census.
15 Little Andaman Little Andaman island is the fourth largest of the
Andaman Islands, lying at the southern end of the archipelago. It is
separated from Rutland Island in Great Andaman by the Duncan
Passage. It is home to the Onge tribe. The lowlying island has
widespread rainforest and several rare species of marine turtle. Little
Andaman is often considered the counterpart of the Great Andaman
island group.
16 Car Nicobar ( Pu in the local language) is the northernmost of
the Nicobar Islands, which in turn are the southern part of the Indian
union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The island was
ravaged by the 2004 tsunami. Car Nicobar falls in between Little
Andaman and Nancowrie. The area south to the Ten-degree channel
comes under Car Nicobar headquarter. It is a flat fertile island covered
with cluster of coconut palms and enchanting beaches with a roaring
sea all around. The Car Nicobar is a very small Island, in comparison
to the Middle Andaman or South Andaman. The climate of Car
Nicobar Island is tropical, as it is just 9 degree from the equator, with
an annual rainfall of 400 mm. The area of Car Nicobar is suitable for
the plantation crops, and coconut and arecanut are the major products,
which are grown in the area.
17 Nancowry refers both to a single island and to the group of
adjoining islands that make up the central part of the Nicobar Islands
chain, located in the northeast Indian Ocean between the Bay of
Bengal and the Andaman Sea.
18 Great Nicobar is the largest of the Nicobar Islands of India, north
of Sumatra. Indira Point, its southernmost tip, is also the
southernmost point of India. The island of Sumatra is located in the
south of Great Nicobar. The island was severely affected by the 2004
Indian Ocean earthquake tsunami with many deaths. The majority of
the island is designated as biosphere reserve —the Great Nicobar
Biosphere Reserve— home to many unique and endemic species of
plants and animals.
19 Lakshadweep traditionally called in English the Laccadive
Islands, the smallest union territory of India, is a group of islands 200
to 300 km off of the coast of Kerala in the Laccadive Sea. There are
three grups in lakshdweep- Laccadive, Amindivi and Minicoy Island.
Coconut is the main crop cultivated in the islands. Lakshadweep is
India's largest producer of coconuts. Due to its isolation and scenic
appeal, Lakshadweep is emerging as a major tourist attraction for
Indians. Lakshadweep officially consists of 12 atolls, 3 reefs and 5
submerged banks, with a total of about 36 islands and islets. Coconut
fibre extraction and production of fibre products is Lakshadweep's main
industry.
20 Cannanore islands The Laccadive Islands and Minicoy Island
are known as the Cannanore Islands.
21 Minicoy Minicoy, a large inhabited island located on the eastern
and southeastern side of the lagoon, along the reef fringe. Minicoy is
almost completely covered with coconut trees. One of the few
landmarks of the island is a tall lighthouse.
22 Maliku Atoll Maliku Atoll is the southernmost atoll of the Union
Territory of Lakshadweep It is 10 km in length, having a maximum
breadth of about 6 km. There are only two islands in this atoll .
23 Kavaratti The island of Kavaratti lies off the coast of the state of
Kerala.. It is also a census town, located on this island, in the Indian
Union Territory of Lakshadweep. India's first low temperature
desalination plant (LLTD) was opened at Kavaratti in May 2005.
24 Agatti/ Bangaram Agatti Island is a small 7 kilometer long
island, situated about 459 kilometers off the Kochi Coast..It is a part of
the Lakshadweep Islands, which is the smallest union territory of India.
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
25 Majuli is a riverine Island in Assam in the alluvial Plains of river
Bramhaputra. The river Subansiri meets the Bramhaputra on the
Northern coast of this island. It is a fluvial island Majuli is the one of the
largests riverine islands in the world and the largest freshwater island
in South Asia. It is accessible by ferries from the town of Jorhat. The
island was formed due to course changes by the river Brahmaputra
and its tributaries, mainly the Lohit.
26 Lake Manasarovar or Mapham Yu Tso is a fresh-water lake in
Tibet Autonomous Region of China 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) from
Lhasa. To the west of Lake Manasaarovar is Lake Rakas. Lake
Manasarovar lies at 4,556 m (14947.5 ft) above mean sea level,
making it the highest fresh-water lake in the world. The lake freezes in
winter and melts only in the spring. It is connected to nearby Lake
Rakshastal by the natural Ganga Chhu channel. Manasarovar is the
source of the Sutlej River which is the easternmost large tributary of
the Indus. Nearby are the sources of the Brahmaputra River, the Indus
River, and the Karnali River (Ghaghara) which is an important tributary
of the Ganges River so this region is the hydrographic nexus of the
Himalaya.
27 Rakas or Rakshastal : To the west of Lake Manasaarovar is
Lake Rakas. It is connected to nearby Lake Manasarovar by the
natural Ganga Chhu channel. It is situated in Tibet region of China.
28 Wular Lake Wular Lake (also spelt Wullar) is a large fresh water
lake in Bandipore district in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.
The lake basin was formed as a result of tectonic activity and is fed by
the Jhelum River. The lake's size varies from 12 to 100 square miles
(30 to 260 square kilometers), depending on the season. The Tulbul
Project is a "navigation lock-cum-control structure" at the mouth of
Wular Lake.
29 Dal Lake is in Srinagar, the summer capital of the northernmost
Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The urban lake, which is the
second largest in the state, is integral to tourism and recreation in
Kashmir and is nicknamed the "Jewel in the crown of Kashmir" or
"Srinagar's Jewel". The lake is also an important source for commercial
operations in fishing and water plant harvesting. The lake is located
within a catchment area in the Zabarwan mountain valley, in the
foothills of the Himalayan range, which surrounds it on three sides. The
average elevation of the lake is 1,583 metres (5,194 ft). The shallow,
open-drainage lake is fed by Dachigam-Telbal Nallah, Dara Nallah
(‘Nallah’ means "stream") and many other small streams.
30 Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri,
Khurda and Ganjam districts of Orissa state on the east coast of India,
at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal. It is the
largest coastal lagoon in India and the second largest lagoon in the
World. It is the largest wintering ground for migratory birds on the
Indian sub-continent. The lake is home to a number of threatened
species of plants and animals. The lagoon hosts over 160 species of
birds in the peak migratory season. Birds from as far as the Caspian
Sea, Lake Baikal, Aral Sea and other remote parts of Russia, Kirghiz
steppes of Mongolia, Central and southeast Asia, Ladakh and
Himalayas come here. In 1981, Chilika Lake was designated the first
Indian wetland of international importance under the Ramsar
Convention.The lake is of estuarine character. The lake has numerous
islands.
31 Pulicat Lake Pulicat Lake is the second largest brackish – water
lake or lagoon in India. It straddles the border of Andhra Pradesh and
Tamil Nadu states on the Coromandal Coast in South India. The lake
encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary. The barrier island of
Sriharikota separates the lake from the Bay of Bengal. The island is
home to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, the launch site of India's
successful first lunar space mission, the Chandrayaan-1.. The large
spindle-shaped barrier island named Sriharikota separates the lake
from the Bay of Bengal. Dugarājupatnam and Sullurpeta are two
important towns on the periphery of the lagoon. Three major rivers
which feed the lagoon are the Arani River at the southern tip, the
Kalangi River from the northwest and the Swarnamukhi River at the
northern end, in addition to some smaller streams. The Buckingham
Canal, a navigation channel, is part of the lagoon on its western side.
32 Vembanad Lake is India's longest lake, and is the largest lake in
the state of Kerala. It is also one of the largest lakes in India. The lake
is separated from the Arabian Sea by a narrow barrier island. Canals
link the lake to other coastal lakes to the north and south. Several
rivers flow into the lake, including the Achenkovil, Manimala,
Meenachil, Muvattupuzha, Pamba and Periyar. The lake surrounds
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
the islands of Pathiramanal, Perumbalam and Pallippuram. The
Vembanad Lake is approximately 14 kilometres wide at its widest
point. A unique characteristic of the lake is the location of the
Thanneermukkom salt water barrier. Vembanad lake Wetland was
included in the list of wetlands of international importance, as defined
by the Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable
utilization of wetlands.
33 Ashtamudi Lake Ashtamudi Lake in the Kollam District of Kerala,
India, is the second largest and deepest wetland ecosystem, a palm-
shaped (also called octopus-shaped) large water body, next only to the
Vembanad. The lake is also called the gateway to the backwaters of
Kerala. Ashtamudi Wetland was included in the list of wetlands of
international importance, as defined by the Ramsar Convention for the
conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands. The lake is the
source of livelihood for the people living close to it in fishing, coconut
husk retting for coir production and inland navigation services. Kallada
River is a major river discharging into the Ashtamudi Lake.
34 Kolleru Lake is the largest freshwater lake in India. It is located in
Andhra Pradesh state, India. Kolleru is located between Krishna and
Godavari delta. Kolleru spans into two districts - Krishna and West
Godavari. The lake serves as a natural flood-balancing reservoir for
these two rivers. The lake is connected to the Krishna and Godavari
systems by over 68 inflowing drains and channels. The lake was an
important habitat for an estimated 20 million resident and migratory
birds. The lake was notified as a wildlife sanctuary in November 1999
under India's Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, and designated a wetland
of international importance in November 2002 under the international
Ramsar Convention.
35 Sambhar Salt Lake India's largest inland salt lake, sits 96 km
south west of the city of Jaipur (Northwest India) and 64 km north east
of Ajmer along National Highway 8 in Rajasthan. The Sambhar lake
basin is divided by a 5.1 km long dam made of sand stone. Salt has
been farmed for a thousand years in the lake. The nearest airport is
Sanganer and the nearest railway station is Sambhar. The water is
fed to the lake from streams from the rivers Mendha, Runpangarh,
Khandel and Karian. The Mendha and Rupangarh are main streams.
The Mendha flows from south to north and the Rupangarh flows from
north to south. It has made Rajasthan the third largest salt producing
state in India. Sambhar has been designated as a Ramsar site
(recognized wetland of international importance) because the wetland
is a key wintering area for tens of thousands of flamingos and other
birds that migrate from northern Asia. The specialized algae and
bacteria growing in the lake provide striking water colours and support
the lake ecology that, in turn, sustains the migrating waterfowl.
36 Lonar Lake, which was created by a meteor hitting the Earth
during the Pleistocene epoch, is a saltwater lake at Lonar in Buldana
district, Maharashtra, India. a study published in 2010 gives an age of
6.5 lac years. The lake is said to be the only crater in the great basaltic
formation of India. The lake was initially believed to be of volcanic
origin, but now it is recognized as an impact crater created by the
hypervelocity impact of either a comet or a meteorite
37 Loktak Lake the largest freshwater lake in northeastern India,
also called the only Floating lake in the world due to the floating
phumdis (heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil, and organic matters
at various stages of decomposition) on it, is located near Moirang in
Manipur state, India. The Keibul Lamjao National Park. This ancient
lake plays an important role in the economy of Manipur. It serves as a
source of water for hydropower generation, irrigation and drinking
water supply. The lake is also a source of livelihood for the rural
fisherman who live in the surrounding areas and on phumdis. Of the
two river systems which drain the Manipur state—the Barak river and
the Manipur River—the Manipur River flows through the Manipur
Valley.
38 Nakki Lake is an Artificial lake situated in the Indian hill station of
Mount Abu in Aravalli range. The lake is in length of about a half mile
and in width about of a quarter of mile and 20 to 30 ft. deep towards
the dam on the west. It is an important tourist attraction of Mount Abu.
There is the Toad Rock on a hill near the lake.
39 Gohna lake is in Garwal district of Uttarakhand
40 Salt Lake is a lake east of Akshai Chin and Ladakh Plateau in the
north eastern part of Jammu ans Kashmir.
41 Tsomoriri or Lake Moriri (official name: Tsomoriri Wetland
Conservation Reserve), in the Changthang (literal meaning, northern
plains) area, is a High Altitude Lake (HAL) with an altitude of 4,595 m
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
(15,075 ft) in Ladakh, India and is the largest of the High Altitude Lakes
in the Trans-Himalayan biogeographic region, entirely within India. It is
hemmed between Ladakh in the North and Tibet in the east and
Zanskar in the west; the Changthang plateau is the geographical
setting with snow peaks that provides the source of water for the Lake.
42 Pangong Tso (or Pangong Lake; Tso: Ladakhi for lake) is an
endorheic lake in the Himalayas situated at a height of about 4,350 m .
It is 134 km (83 mi) long and extends from India to China. 60% of the
length of the lake lies in China. The lake is in the process of being
identified under the Ramsar Convention as a wetland of international
importance. This will be the first trans-boundary wetland in South Asia
under the convention. Pangong Tso is geographically situated in a
disputed territory, claimed both by India and China. Pangong Tso is
still a delicate border point along the Line of Actual Control.
Incursions from Chinese side are common.The brackish water of the
lake is devoid of any micro-vegetation.
43 Mansar Lake is situated 62 km from Jammu, Mansar is a
beautiful lake fringed by forest-covered hills, over a mile in length by
half-a-mile in width. Besides being a popular excursion destination in
Jammu, it is also a holy site. Nearby there is a wild life Sanctuary
housing jungle life
44 Naini lake or Naini Tal is situated in Uttarakhand. Around it is the
town of Nainital which is a major tourist attraction.
45 Pushkar Lake is located in the town of Pushkar in Ajmer district
of the Rajasthan state of western India. Pushkar Lake is a sacred lake
of the Hindus. Tourism and deforestation in the surroundings have
taken a heavy toll on the lake, adversely affecting its water quality,
reducing the water levels and destroying the fish population. The
region experiences semi-arid climatic conditions with dry and hot
summers and cool winters. The Pushkar Lake drains a catchment of
the Aravalli hills Pushkar Lake, when full, is rich in fish and other
aquatic life. It is also the site of the internationally popular pushkar Fair.
46 Dheber is a lake South of Rajsamand lake in Rajasthan, south
east of Udaipur.
47 Nalsarover is a lake in Gujarat between Gandhinagar and Rajkot.
48 Rajsamand Lake Rajsamand Lake (also known as:Rajsamudra
Lake) is situated near Rajsamand, a town in the Indian state of
Rajasthan. Rajsamand Lake is the oldest known relief work in
Rajasthan and cost almost 4 million rupees. It is fed by River Banas,
rising in the Aravallis.
49 Kayals is ageneral term for lake in Malyalam.
50 Deedwana salt lake is in Nagaur district of Rajasthan. Recently
Uranium deposits have been found in this lake zone.
Gulfs/Bays/Creeks/ Capes/Points/Straits/Channels/ Bridges &
Misc.
51 Gulf of Mannar The Gulf of Mannar is a large shallow bay in the
Indian Ocean. It lies between the southeastern tip of India and the west
coast of Sri Lanka. A chain of low islands and reefs known as Adam's
Bridge, also called Ramsethu, which includes Mannar Island,
separates the Gulf of Mannar from Palk Bay, which lies to the north
between India and Sri Lanka. The Tambaraparani River of south India
drain into the Gulf. Located on the southeastern tip of the subcontinent,
the Gulf of Mannar is known to harbour over 3,600 species of flora and
fauna, making it one of the richest coastal regions in Asia. 117 hard
coral species have been recorded in the Gulf of Mannar. The Gulf of
Mannar Biosphere Reserve covers part of ocean, islands and the
adjoining coastline. The marine environments include seaweed
communities, sea grass communities, coral reefs, salt marshes and
mangrove forests.
52 Gulf of Kuchchh is an inlet of the Arabian Sea along the west
coast of India, in the state of Gujarat, and renowned for extreme daily
tides. It is about 99 miles in length, and divides Kutch and the
Kathiawar peninsula regions of Gujarat. The Rukmavati River empties
into the Arabian Sea nearby.
53 Khambhat/ Gulf of Cambay is an inlet of the Arabian Sea along
the west coast of India, in the state of Gujarat. It is about 80 miles in
length, and divides the Kathiawar peninsula to the west from the
eastern part of Gujarat state on the east. The Narmada and Tapti
rivers empty into the Gulf. The Gulf is shallow and abounds in shoals
and sandbanks including the Mal Bank at the river mouths and the
Malacca Banks at the gulf's entrance to the Arabian Sea. The Gulf is
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
known for its extreme tides, which vary greatly in height and run into it
with amazing speed. At low tide the bottom is left nearly dry for some
distance below the town of Khambhat.
54 Palk Bay
55 Bay of Bengal the largest bay in the world, forms the
northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. It resembles a triangle in shape,
and is bordered by Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka and Burma. A
number of large rivers – Padma (distributary of Ganges), Meghna
(distributary of Brahmaputra), Jamuna (branch of Brahmaputra),
Ayeyarwady, Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna and Kaveri – flow into the
Bay of Bengal. Among the important ports are Cuddalore, Ennore,
Chennai, Kakinada, Tuticorin, Machilipatnam, Vishakhapatnam,
Paradip, Kolkata, Mongla, Chittagong and Yangon. The Sundarbans
mangrove forest is formed at the delta of the Ganga, Brahmaputra and
Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengal.
56 Sir Creek is a strip of water disputed between India and Pakistan
in the Rann of Kutch marshlands. The creek, which opens up into the
Arabian Sea, divides the Kutch region of the Indian state of Gujarat
with the Sindh province of Pakistan. The creek itself is located in the
uninhabited marshlands. During the monsoon season between June
and September, the creek floods its banks and envelops the low-lying
salty mudflats around it. During the winter season, the area is home to
flamingoes and other migratory birds.
57 Cape Comorin or Kanyakumari is a town in Kanyakumari district
in Tamil Nadu state, India. Located at the southernmost tip of the
Indian Peninsula, its former name was Cape Comorin. The closest
major cities are Nagercoil, the administrative headquarters of
Kanyakumari district, (22 km) and Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of
Kerala . It has an average elevation of 0 metres (0 feet). It lies at the
meeting point of three bodies of water: the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of
Mannar and the Indian Ocean. It is situated at the terminating point of
the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.
58 Indira Point is situated on the island of Great Nicobar in the
Nicobar Islands, eastern Indian Ocean, and it represents the
southernmost point of land in the territory of India. The point is located
in the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and is named in
honour of Indira Gandhi. It was formerly known for a brief period of
time, India Point. Although Kanyakumari is the southernmost tip of the
mainland of the Indian subcontinent itself, Indira Point was the furthest
south on Indian soil until the tsunami generated by the 2004 Indian
Ocean earthquake inundated much of its area, partly submerging the
lighthouse. However, geologists have stated that the sea is slowly
starting to retreat back to its original position.
59 Palk Strait is a strait between the Tamil Nadu state of India and
the northernmost part of the island nation of Sri Lanka. It connects the
Bay of Bengal in the northeast with the Palk Bay and thence with the
Gulf of Mannar in the southwest. The strait is 53 to 80 km wide.
Several rivers flow into it, including the Vaigai River of Tamil Nadu. It is
studded at its southern end with a chain of low islands and reef shoals
that are collectively called Adam's Bridge (or the original name Rama's
Bridge). This chain extends between Dhanushkodi on Pamban Island
(also known as Rameswaram Island) in Tamil Nadu and Mannar Island
in Sri Lanka. The shallow waters and reefs of the strait make it difficult
for large ships to pass through, although fishing boats and small craft
carrying coastal trade have navigated the strait for centuries.
60 Pamban Strait
61 10˚ Channel is a channel that separates the Andaman Islands
from the Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal. The two sets of islands
together form the Indian Union Territory (UT) of Andaman and Nicobar
Islands. The Channel is approximately 150 km wide, running
essentially along an east-west orientation. It is so named as it lies on
the 10-degree line of latitude, north of the equator.
62 Duncan Passage is a strait in the Indian Ocean. It is about
48 km (30 mi) wide; it separates Rutland Island (part of Great
Andaman) to the north, and Little Andaman to the south. West of
Duncan Passage is the Bay of Bengal; east is the Andaman Sea.
Several small islands and islets lie along the passage. North to south,
they are: Cinque Islands, a famous underwater diving spot;
Passage Island; The Sisters; North Brother Island; South Brother
Island.
63 Adam’s Bridge Adam's Bridge also known as Rama's Bridge or
Rama Setu is a chain of limestone shoals, between Pamban Island,
also known as Rameswaram Island, off the southeastern coast of
Tamil Nadu, India, and Mannar Island, off the northwestern coast of Sri
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
Lanka. Geological evidence indicates that this bridge is a former land
connection between India and Sri Lanka. The bridge is 18 miles long
and separates the Gulf of Mannar from the Palk Strait . Some of the
sandbanks are dry and the sea in the area is very shallow, being only
3 ft to 30 ft (1 m to 10 m) deep in places, which hinders navigation. The
border between India and Sri Lanka is said to pass across one of the
shoals constituting one of the shortest land borders in the world.
64 82˚ 30’ E longitude is the Indian Standard Time line. It passes
between Allahabad and Varanasi cities. It is 5:30 hrs ahead of the
Prime maredian.
65 23˚ 30’ N Latitude is the tropic of Cancer passing through almost
Central India in an east west direction.
66 McMohan Line is the de facto line of control between India and
China in the North eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh. It is desputed
by China which does not consider Arunachal Pradesh as a part of
India. The McMahon Line is a line agreed to by Great Britain and Tibet
as part of Simla Accord, a treaty signed in 1914. Although its legal
status is disputed, it is the effective boundary between China and
India. It extends for 550 miles (890 km) from Bhutan in the west to
160 miles (260 km) east of the great bend of the Brahmaputra River in
the east, largely along the crest of the Himalayas. The McMahon Line
is regarded by India as the legal national border. The Dalai Lama's
Tibetan government-in-exile also accepts the line as an official border.
China rejects the Simla Accord, contending that the Tibetan
government was not sovereign and therefore did not have the power to
conclude treaties. Chinese maps show some 56,000 square miles of
the territory south of the line as part of the Tibet Autonomous Region,
popularly known as South Tibet in China.
67 Marina/Triplicane Beach is the beach along Chennai in the Bay
of Bengal, in Tamil Nadu. It is one of the longest beaches in India. It is
a tourist location as well as site for recreational activites of the local
people.
68 Kovalam Beach is a beach town on the Arabian Sea in Kerala, a
state in south India. It is located around 13 km from downtown
Thiruvananthapuram. Kovalam has three crescent shaped beaches
separated by rocky outcroppings. The larger of the beaches is called
Light House Beach for its 35 metre high light house.
69 Makran Coast is the coast along Pakistan in the Arabian Sea.
70 Konkan Coast also called the Konkan Coast or Karavali, is a
rugged section of the western coastline of India from Raigad to
Mangalore. The Sahyadri Mountain range ("Western Ghats") forms the
eastern boundary of the Konkan, and the Arabian Sea marks the
western boundary.
71 Kanara Coast comprises three coastal districts of Karnataka,
namely Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada, in the
southern state of India. Kanara forms the southern part of the Konkan
coast. The length of this region from north to south is around 300 km
and width varies from 30 km to 110 km. The region is characterised by
swaying palms and swift brooks running towards the Arabian sea. The
three districts have administrative headquarters is Karwar, Udupi and
Mangalore. The region is bounded on the east by the Western Ghats
and on the west by the Arabian Sea. The coastal strip between the
Western Ghats and the sea, including Kanara and the state of Goa and
coastal Maharashtra to the north, is known as the Konkan coast, while
the coast of Kerala is known as the Malabar coast.
72 Malabar Coast is a long and narrow south-western shore line of
the mainland Indian subcontinent. Geographically, it comprises the
wettest region of southern India, as the Western Ghats intercept the
moisture-laden monsoon rains, especially on their westward-facing
mountain slopes. The term "Malabar Coast" is also sometimes used in
reference to the entire Indian coast from the western coast of Konkan
to the tip of the subcontinent at Cape Comorin.
73 Coromandal Coast The Coromandel Coast is the name given to
the southeastern coast of the Indian peninsula and also the
southeastern coast of the island of Sri Lanka.
74 Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram range in
the Himalaya Mountains at east of the Line of Control between India-
Pakistan. India controls all of the Siachen Glacier itself, including all
tributary glaciers. At 70 km long, it is the longest glacier in the
Karakoram and second-longest in the world's non-polar areas. It falls
from an altitude of 5,753 m above sea level at its head at Indira Col
(pass) on the China border down to 3,620 m (11,875 ft) at its
terminus.The Siachen Glacier lies immediately south of the great
watershed that separates China from the Indian subcontinent in the
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
extensively glaciated portion of the Karakoram that is sometimes called
the "Third Pole." The glacier lies between the Saltoro Ridge
immediately to the west and the main Karakoram range to the east.
75 Cherrapunji is a town in East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya. It
is credited as being the wettest place on Earth. However, nearby
Mawsynram has more rainfall nowadays. It has an average elevation
of 1,484 metres. Cherrapunji sits on the southern tip of the Khasi Hills,
facing Bangladesh. The cliffs of Cherrapunji receive heavy rainfall due
to monsoon winds blowing from the Bay of Bengal. Thus, the region is
home to extremely wet weather. Cherrapunji's yearly rainfall average
stands at 11,430 millimetres (450 in). This figure places it behind only
nearby Mawsynram, Meghalaya, whose average is 11,873 millimetres
(467.4 in). Cherrapunji receives both the Southwest and Northeast
monsoon showers which give it a single monsoon season. In the winter
months it receives the northeast monsoon showers which travel down
the Brahmaputra valley. It holds two Guinness world records for
receiving the maximum amount of rainfall in a single year: 22,987
millimetres (905.0 in) of rainfall between August 1860 and July 1861
and for receiving the maximum amount of rainfall in a single month:
9,300 millimetres (370 in) in July 1861
76 Mawsynram is a village in the East Khasi Hills district of
Meghalaya state in north-eastern India, 56 kilometers from Shillong. It
is reportedly the wettest place on Earth, with an annual rainfall of
11,872 millimetres (467.4 in). Mawsynram, receives nearly 12 m of rain
in an average year, and a vast majority of it falls during the monsoon
months.
77 Dras(Kargil) is a town in the Kargil District of Jammu and
Kashmir, India. It is often called 'The Gateway to Ladakh'. The town
shot into prominence in the summer of 1999 following Pakistani-
backed incursions into Jammu and Kashmir. The Kargil War saw the
town being shelled by infiltrators and the war ended with the Indian
Army recapturing the areas surrounding the town and the Kargil
district. It is 56 km from Kargil town on the road to Srinagar.Dras is the
coldest inhabited place in India.
78 Sunderban Delta The name Sundarban can be literally
translated as "beautiful jungle" or "beautiful forest" in the Bengali
language . The name may have been derived from the Sundari trees
that are found in Sundarbans in large numbers. The forest lies in the
vast delta on the Bay of Bengal formed by the confluence of the
Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers across southern Bangladesh
and West Bengal, India. It became inscribed as a UNESCO world
heritage site in 1997 .It has salt-tolerant mangrove forests. The
mangrove-dominated Ganges Delta – the Sundarbans – is a complex
ecosystem comprising one of the three largest single tract of mangrove
forests of the world.
79 Jog / Gersoppa Falls created by the Sharavathi River falling
from a height of 253 meters (829 ft) is the highest plunge waterfall in
India. Located in Shimoga District of Karnataka state, these
segmented falls are a major tourist attraction. It is also called by
alternative names of Gerusoppe falls, Gersoppa Falls and Jogada
Gundi.
80 Marble/Dhundhar falls are near jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh.
These are misty & smoky falls on the Narmada river.
81 Hundroo Falls are near Ranchi in Jharkhand .
82 Chitrakote Falls is a waterfall located near Jagdalpur, in Bastar
district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh on the Indravati River. It is
also called as the Niagara falls of india. The height of the falls is about
29 metres.The breadth of the waterfall varies, as the water level in the
river goes down drastically during summer. However during a
monsoon, the river flow touches both the banks of the river, and is
filled with silt. In contrast, during summer the water carries no silt and
looks different. The area around the falls is largely forested.
83 Nohsugithiang The Nohsngithiang Falls is also known as the
Seven Sisters Waterfalls and the Mawsmai Falls. It is located
1 kilometre (0.62 mi) south of Mawsmai village in East Khasi Hills
district in the Indian state of Meghalaya. This is the 5th highest
waterfalls in India. It is a seven-segmented waterfall, which plunges
over the top of limestone cliffs of the Khasi Hills. The falls only flow
during the rainy season. In full spate, the segments stretch most of the
way along the cliff.
84 Mawsmai see 83.
85 Kemptee Falls is near Massouree in Jharkhand. It is a favourite
touris location.
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
86 Hogenakal Falls is near mettur dam on Kaveri river. It is a
popular picnic and tourist spot. It is located in Tamil Nadu. It is also
referred as Niagara of India. It is also known for its medicinal baths.
This is also the site of a proposed project to generate drinking water.
At Hogenakkal the river spreads out over a wide area of sandy
beaches, then flows through to the Mettur Dam and creates a 60 sq
mi. lake called Stanley Reservoir.
Passes/Peaks/ Highist Points/ Hills/ Ranges/Mountains/ Plateaus
87 Thal Ghat is between Mumbai and Nasik.
88 Bhor Ghat Bhor Ghat or the alternative spelling Bor ghat is a
mountain passage located between Karjat and Khandala in
Maharashtra, India along the railway line and between Khopoli and
Khandala. Situated on the crest of the Western Ghat mountain ranges,
Bhor Ghat is noted for its surroundings comprising scenic waterfalls,
lakes and dense woods. The railway line from Mumbai to Pune passes
through Bhor Ghat, making it a rail route with 28 tunnels, old bridges
and magnificent views. This Ghat opened Mumbai to the Deccan.
89 Pal Ghat or Palakkad connects Cochi to Coimbatore.
90 Goran Ghat is across Aravallis connecting Jaipur to Jodhpur,
barmer.
91 Khandwa Gap is in the Satpura between Rajpipla and
Gawilgarh ranges.
92 Shencottah Gap is between Annamalai and Cardamom hills
conneting Madurai and Kolleru through rail line.
93 Bomdila Pass is in Arunachal Pradesh close to India Bhutan
Border.
94 Nathu La is a mountain pass in the Himalayas. It connects the
Indian state of Sikkim with China's Tibet Autonomous Region. The
pass, at 4,310 m (14,140 ft) above mean sea level, forms a part of an
offshoot of the ancient Silk Road. Nathu means "listening ears" and La
means "pass" in Tibetan. It is also spelled Ntula, Natu La, Nathula, or
Natula. Nathu La is one of the three trading border posts between
China and India; the other two are Shipkila in Himachal Pradesh and
Lipulekh (or Lipulech) in Uttarakhand. The pass is 54 km east of the
Sikkimese capital, Gangtok, and 430 km (270 mi) from the capital of
the Tibetan Autonomous Region, Lhasa. In the winter, the pass is
blocked by heavy snowfall.
95 Jelep La is a high mountain pass between India and Tibet in East
Sikkim District of Sikkim. The famous Menmecho Lake lies below the
Jelep La Pass. The pass is in Sikkim and the route connects Lhasa to
India. The pass is 46 metres in length.
96 Thaga La
97 Niti La
98 Lipu Lekh La see 105
99 Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post on the India-China
border. It is through this pass which the river Sutlej enters India (from
Tibet). It is located in Kinnaur district in the state of Himachal Pradesh,
India, and Tibet Autonomous Region in People's Republic of China.
The pass is India's third border post for trade with China after Nathula
in Sikkim, and Lipulekh in Uttarakhand.
100 Bara Lapcha La is a high mountain pass in Zanskar range,
connecting Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Ladakh in Jammu
and Kashmir, situated along the Leh-Manali highway. The Bhaga river,
a tributary of the Chandrabhaga or Chenab river, originates from
Surya taal lake, which is situated a few of kilometers from the pass
towards Manali. The other major tributary of the Chandrabhaga, the
Chandra also originates from glacier in this region.
101 Rohtang Pass is a high mountain pass on the eastern Pir Panjal
Range of the Himalayas some 51 km (32 mi) from Manali. It connects
the Kullu Valley with the Lahaul and Spiti Valleys of Himachal Pradesh,
India. The pass provides a natural divide between the sub-
humid/humid Kullu Valley with a primarily Hindu culture (in the south),
and the arid/semi-arid high-altitude Lahaul and Spiti valleys with a
Buddhist culture (in the north). The pass lies on the watershed
between the Chenab and Beas Basins.
102 Banihal Pass is across the Pir Panjal Range at 2,832 metres
maximum elevation. This range separates the Kashmir valley in the
Indian state Jammu and Kashmir from the outer Himalaya and plains
to the south. Banihal pass remains snow covered during the winter,
and Jawahar tunnel is used for transport. In Kashmiri language,
"Banihāl" means blizzard.
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
103 Pir Panjal Range is a mountain range in the Middle Himalayas
running from east south east to west north west across the states of
Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir in India as well as Pakistan
administered Kashmir. The eastern segment of the range forms the
watershed that separates the Chenab (Chandrabhaga) river basin from
the Beas and Ravi river basins.
104 Burzil is an ancient pass and caravan route between Srinagar in
Kashmir and Gilgit. This route was active up to Pakistan's
independence. The pass lies close to the Line of Control demarcating
India and Pakistan, which has since closed the Burzil. The crest of the
pass is wide and covered in summer with alpine grass vegetation. It is
the oldest route connecting Gilgit with Srinagar and Skardu through
Deosai Plateau.
105 Lipulekh is a Himalayan pass connecting the Kumaon region of
Uttarakhand in the Pithoragarh district in India with the old Tibetan
trading town of Taklakot (Purang) in China. It has been used since
ancient times by traders, mendicants and pilgrims transiting between
India and Tibet.
106 Shalkot(Senkoi)
107 Zoji La is a high mountain pass in India, located on the Indian
National Highway 1D between Srinagar and Leh in the western section
of the Himalayan mountain range. Zoji La is 9 km (5.6 mi) from
Sonamarg and provides a vital link between Ladakh and Kashmir. It
runs at an elevation of approximately 3,528 metres (11,575 ft), and is
the second highest pass after Fotu La on the Srinagar-Leh National
Highway. It is often closed during winter.
108 Karakoram is a large mountain range spanning the borders
between Pakistan, India and China. It is one of the Greater Ranges of
Asia, a part of the greater Himalaya while north of the actual Himalaya
Range. The Karakoram is home to the highest concentration of peaks
over five miles in height to be found anywhere on earth, including K2,
the second highest peak of the world. The Karakoram is bounded on
the northeast by the edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and on the north by
the Pamir Mountains. The southern boundary of the Karakoram is
formed, west to east, by the Gilgit, Indus, and Shyok Rivers, which
separate the range from the northwestern end of the Himalaya range.
Due to its altitude and ruggedness, the Karakoram is much less
inhabited than parts of the Himalayas further east. The Karakoram and
the Himalayas are important to Earth scientists for several reasons.
They are one of the world's most geologically active areas, at the
boundary between two colliding continents. Therefore, they are
important in the study of plate tectonics. Mountain glaciers may serve
as an indicator of climate change, advancing and receding with long-
term changes in temperature and precipitation.
109 Aghil Pass is along the Indo-China border, in Northen India
across the Karakoram Ranges.
110 Khyber pass is a mountain pass that links Pakistan and
Afghanistan. Throughout history it has been an important trade route
between Central Asia and South Asia and a strategic military location.
Khyber Pass cuts through the northeastern part of the Safed Koh
mountains which themselves are a far southeastern extension of the
Hindu Kush range.
111 Gomal Pass is a mountain pass on the border of Afghanistan and
the southeastern portion of South Waziristan in Pakistan's Federally
Administered Tribal Areas. It takes its name from the Gomal River. It is
midway between Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass
112 Bolan is a mountain pass through the Toba Kakar Range of
Balochistan province in western Pakistan, 120 kilometres from the
Afghanistan border. Strategically located, traders, invaders, and
nomadic tribes have also used it as a gateway to and from the South
Asia. The Bolan Pass is an important pass on the Baluch frontier,
connecting Jacobabad with Quetta.
113 Khardungla Pass a high mountain pass located in the Ladakh
region, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The local pronunciation is
"Khardong La" or "Khardzong La," but, as with most names in Ladakh,
the romanised spelling varies. The pass on the Ladakh Range lies
north of Leh and is the gateway to the Shyok and Nubra valleys.
114 Mt.Everest is the world's highest mountain above sea level at
8,848 metres (29,029 ft). Part of the Himalaya range in Asia, it is
located on the border between Sagarmatha Zone, Nepal, and Tibet,
China.
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
Mt K2/Godwin Austin K2 is the second-highest mountain on Earth Space Research Organisation (ISRO), is situated on the lower slopes
after Mount Everest. With a peak elevation of 8,611 metres, K2 is part of this mountain.
of the Karakoram Range, and is located on the border of Xinjiang, 124 Gurushikhar Guru Shikhar, a peak at an altitude of 5,676 feet
China, and Gilgit of Pak Occupied Kashmir. K2 is known as the (1722 meters), is the highest point in Rajasthan. It is located at a
Savage Mountain due to the difficulty of ascent and the 2nd highest distance of 15 km from Mount Abu. It has a commanding view of Abu
fatality rate among the 'eight thousanders' for those who climb it. For and its surroundings. Adjacent to the temple is the Mt Abu Observatory
every four people who have reached the summit, one has died trying. operated by the Physical Research Laboratory. This observatory hosts
K2 has never been climbed in winter. a 1.2m infrared telescope and also several aeronomy experiments
125 Mount Dhupgarh or Dhoopgarh is the highest point in the
Satpura Range and in Madhya Pradesh, India. Located near
115 Indus is a major river which flows through the Indian
Pachmarhi, it has an elevation of 1,350 metres It is a popular sunset
Subcontinent. Originating in the Tibetan plateau in the vicinity of Lake
point.
Mansarovar in Tibet Autonomous Region, the river runs a course
126 Parasnath The word Parasnath comes from the 23rd Jain
through the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir and then enters
Tirthankara Shri Parshwanath Bhagwan. Parasnath hills are a range of
(Gilgit-Baltistan), flowing through the North in a southerly direction
small to medium size hills (highest peak 1,350 metres (4,430 ft)) and
along the entire length of the Pakistan, to merge into the Arabian Sea
are located in Jharkhand state, eastern India. It is a major religious
near port city of Karachi in Sindh. The total length of the river is 3,180
centre for followers of Jainism.
kilometers (1,976 miles) and is Pakistan's longest river. Beginning at
127 Cardamom are part of the southern Western Ghats located in
the heights of the world with glaciers, the river feeds the ecosystem of
southeast Kerala and Southwest Tamil Nadu in South India. Their
temperate forests, plains and arid countryside. The Indus is the most
name comes from the cardamom spice grown in much of the hill's cool
important supplier of water resources to the Punjab and Sindh plains -
elevation, which also grow pepper and coffee. The Western Ghats,
it forms the backbone of agriculture and food production in Pakistan.
Periyar Sub-Cluster including the Cardamom Hills, is under
116 Kanchen Junga is the third highest mountain in the world (after
consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection
Mount Everest and K2), with an elevation of 8,586 metres (28,169 ft).
as a World Heritage Site. They include the drainages of the west
Kangchenjunga translated means "The Five Treasures of Snows", as it
flowing Periyar, Mullakudy and Pamba rivers. It includes Idukki Dam
contains five peaks, four of them over 8,450 metres. Kangchenjunga is
and Mullaperiyar Dam. They conjoin the Anaimalai Hills to the
known for its famous views from the hill station of Darjeeling.
northwest, the Palni Hills to the northeast and the Agasthyamalai
Permission to climb the mountain from the Indian side is rare, but
Hills to the south as far as the Ariankavu.
sometimes allowed.
128 Anaimalai is a range of mountains in the Western Ghats in Tamil
117 Naga Parbat is the ninth highest mountain on Earth. Nanga
Nadu and Kerala states of South India. The name "Anaimalai" derives
Parbat translates to "Naked Mountain" in English. Known as the "Killer
from the Tamil word 'Anai' meaning elephant and 'Malai' meaning hill,
Mountain," Nanga Parbat was one of the deadliest of the eight-
thus Elephant Hill. The highest peak of the Anaimalai Hills is Anamudi,
thousanders for climbers in the first half of the twentieth century. It is
(2,695 meters (8,842 ft)),. It is the highest peak in India, south of the
also an immense, dramatic peak that rises far above its surrounding
Himalayas. The lower slopes of hills now have coffee and tea
terrain. The Indus takes a syntactical bend at this mountain.
plantations as well as teak forests of great economic value. The
118 Nanda Devi is the second highest mountain in India (excluding
Western Ghats, Anamalai Sub-Cluster, including the Anaimalai Hills, is
Pakistan occupied Kashmir) and the highest entirely within the country
under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for
(Kangchenjunga being on the border of India and Nepal); owing to this
selection as a World Heritage Site. Anaimalai hills constitute the
geography it was the highest known mountain in the world till early
meeting point of the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. Monsoon
1800s. Nanda Devi is a two-peaked massif, forming a 2 kilometres
rains are heavy.
(1.2 mi) long high ridge, oriented east-west. The west summit is higher,
129 Palni Hills are a mountain range in Tamil Nadu state of South
and the eastern summit is called Nanda Devi East.
India. The Palni Hills are an eastward extension of the Western Ghats
119 Kamet is the second highest mountain in the Garhwal region of
ranges, which run parallel to the west coast of India. The Palni Hills
India, after Nanda Devi, 7,816 m (25,643 ft). It lies in the Chamoli
adjoin the high Anamalai range on the west, and extend east into the
District of Uttarakhand, close to the border with Tibet. Kamet is most
plains of Tamil Nadu. The range lies between the Kambam Valley on
properly considered part of (and the highest summit in) the Zaskar (or
the south, which is drained by the Vaigai River and its upper
Zanskar) Range, which lies north of the main chain of the Himalaya. In
tributaries, and the Kongunadu region to the north. The northern
appearance it resembles a giant pyramid topped by a flat summit area
slopes are drained by the Shanmukha River, Nanganji River, and
with two peaks.
Kodavanar River, which are tributaries of the Kaveri River.
120 Namcha Barwa is a mountain in the Tibetan Himalaya. It forms
130 Nilgiris The range lies between the Kambam Valley on the
the eastern anchor of the Himalayan chain, and is the easternmost
south, which is drained by the Vaigai River and its upper tributaries,
mountain in the world over 7,600 metres. Namcha Barwa is located in
and the Kongunadu region to the north. The northern slopes are
Tibet Autonomous Region in China. It sits inside the "Great Bend" of
drained by the Shanmukha River, Nanganji River, and Kodavanar
the Tsangpo River, the main river of southeastern Tibet. This is a very
River, which are tributaries of the Kaveri River. The hills are separated
obscure region, rarely visited by outsiders. In addition to its role as the
from the Karnataka plateau to the north by the Moyar River and from
eastern anchor of the Himalayas, Namcha Barwa is notable for its
the Anaimalai Hills and Palni Hills to the south by the Palghat Gap. The
great local relief.
Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu lies within these mountains.
121 Anaimudi is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and South
131 Harischanda Range is in Maharshatra.
India, at an elevation of 2,695 metres (8,842 ft), and a topographic
132 Balaghat range
prominence of 2,479 metres (8,133 ft). It literally means "Elephant
133 Ajanta Range
forehead". Anamudi is also the highest point in South India, and also
134 Satpura is a range of hills in central India. The range rises in
the highest point in India outside the Himalaya-Karakoram mountain
eastern Gujarat state near the Arabian Sea coast, running east through
range
Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh to Chhattisgarh. The range
122 Dodabetta Doddabetta is the highest mountain in the Nilgiri Hills,
parallels the Vindhya Range to the north, and these two east-west
at 2637 meters (8652 feet). There is a reserved forest area around the
ranges divide the Indo-Gangetic plain of northern India and Pakistan
peak. It is 35 km north of Ooty, on Ooty-Mysore Road in the Nilgiris
from the Deccan Plateau to the south. The Narmada River runs in the
District of Tamil Nadu, South India. It is a popular tourist attraction with
depression between the Satpura and Vindhya ranges, and draining the
road access to the summit. The Chamundi Hills can be viewed from
northern slope of the Satpura range and running west towards the
the peak. The name "Doddabetta" traces its roots from the
Arabian Sea. The Tapti River drains the southern slopes of the western
Badaga/Kannada language translating into 'Big Mountain'.
end of the Satpura Range. The Godavari River and its tributaries drain
123 Mahendragiri Mahendragiri is the name of a hill in southern
the Deccan plateau, which lies south of the central and eastern
Tamil Nadu, near Kalakkad, in Tirunelveli district. It is part of the
portions of the range, and the Mahanadi River drains the easternmost
southern tip of the Western Ghats, with an elevation of 1,654 metres.
portion of the range. At its eastern end, the Satpura range meets the
The test facilities for Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, a part of Indian
hills of the Chota Nagpur Plateau.
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in © Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
135 Rajpipla Hills
136 Gwaligarh Hills
137 Mahadeo Hills are a range of hills in Madhya Pradesh state of
central India. The hills form the central part of the Satpura Range. The
Mahadeo Hills run east and west separating the basin of the Narmada
River to the north from that of the Wainganga and Wardha rivers,
tributaries of the Godavari, to the south. The hills have a gentle
northern slope, but drop abruptly to the south onto the Deccan Plateau.
The hills are home to tropical moist deciduous forests,
138 Amarkantak is a pilgrim town in Madhya Pradesh, India. Also
called "Teerthraj" (the king of pilgrimages), Amarkantak region is a
unique natural heritage area and is the meeting point of the Vindhyas
and the Satpuras, with the Maikal Hills being the fulcrum. This is where
the Narmada River, the Sone River, the Mahanadi rise.
139 Maikal hills are range of hills in the state of Chattisgarh India.
The Maikal Hills are an eastern part of the Satpuras having an altitude
ranging from 340 m to 941 m above sea level. It is a picturesque spot
in the state with its serene and peaceful atmosphere. This densely
forested and thinly populated range gives rise to several streams and
rivers including the tributaries of Narmada and Wainganga rivers. The
hills are inhabited by two tribal peoples, the Baigas and the Gonds.
The hill range is very rich in flora and fauna wealth.
140 Ramgarh Hills
141 Chotanagpur Plateau is a plateau in eastern India, which
covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Orissa,
West Bengal, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. The Indo-Gangetic plain lies to
the north and east of the plateau, and the basin of the Mahanadi River
lies to the south. The plateau has been formed by continental uplift
from forces acting deep inside the earth. The Gondwana substrates
attest to the plateau's ancient origin. It is part of the Deccan Plate,
which broke free from the southern continent during the Cretaceous to
embark on a 50-million-year journey that was violently interrupted by
the northern Eurasian continent. Chota Nagpur Plateau consists of
three steps. The highest step is in the western part of the plateau,
where pats, as a plateau is locally called, are 3,000 feet (910 m) -
3,500 feet (1,100 m) above sea level. The highest point is 3,819 feet
(1,164 m). The next part contains larger portions of the old Ranchi and
Hazaribagh districts and some parts of old Palamu district. The
general height is 2,000 feet (610 m). The topography in undulating with
prominent gneissic hills, often dome-like in outline. The lowest step of
the plateu is at an average level of around 1,000 feet (300 m). It covers
the old Manbhum and Singhbhum districts. High hills are a striking
part of this section - Parasnath Hills rise to a height of 4,480 feet
(1,370 m) and Dalma Hills to 3,407 feet (1,038 m). The large plateau
is subdivided into several small plateaux or sub plateaux. The plateau
has been defined as the Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forest, a tropical
and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion drier than surrounding
areas such as the Eastern Ghats and the Satpura Range that
encroach on it to the south. The plateau is covered with a variety of
different habitats of which Sal forest is predominant. The plateau is
home to the Palamau Tiger Reserve and other large blocks of natural
habitat which are among the few remaining refuges left in India for
large populations of tiger and Asian Elephants. They are also store
house of minerals like mica, bauxite, copper, limestone, iron ore and
coal.
142 Rajmahal Hills Rajmhal Hills lie in Santhal Pargana of
Jharkhand in India. It forms the northernmost tip of the famed
Gondwana land and is the abode of Sauria Paharia and the Santhal
tribes
143 Shevaroy Hills is the anglicised name for the Servarayan which
lie near the town of Salem in Tamil Nadu, India. It is a detached hill
range with plateaus from 4000 to 5000 ft. above sea-level. They
include several old coffee plantations. The main town situated in these
hills is Yercaud.
144 Javadi Hills are a range of hills, one of the largest in the Eastern
Ghats, in Vellore District, in the northern part of the state of Tamil Nadu
in southeastern India. They consist of bluish gray granites, with peaks
averaging 3,600–3,800 feet (1,100–1,150 m). Their steep southeastern
flanks are forested with sandalwood. The hills are sparsely populated;
grains, legumes, and oilseeds are the chief crops. They are noted both
for their fruit bearing trees and for their sandalwood. There are many
tourist places near Javadi Hills. Among them are the Beemanmadavu
waterfalls
145 Palkonda Hills
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
146 Nallamala Range are a section of the Eastern Ghats which
stretch primarily over parts of the state of Andhra Pradesh. They run in
a nearly north-south alignment, parallel to the Coromandel coast for
close to 430 km between the rivers, Krishna and Pennar. In the south it
merges with the Tirupati hills. An extremely old system, the hills have
been extensively weathered and eroded over the years. The average
elevation today is about 520 m which reaches 1100 m at Bhairani
Konda and 1048 m at Gundla Brahmeswara. Both of these peaks are
in a north westerly direction from the town of Cumbum. The
Nallamalas have a rather warm to hot climate throughout the year.
147 Northern Circars Northern Circars consists of a narrow slip of
territory lying along the western side of the Bay of Bengal , in the
present-day Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. The territory
derived its name from Circar or Sarkar, an Indian term applied to the
component parts of a subah or province.
148 Pachpatmali Hills are in Koraput district of Orissa, rich in bauxite
ore. Damanjodi hill is located here.
149 Gandmardhan Hills are located in Bolangir district of North
wewstern Orissa. They are known for the herbal plants found here and
are considered as holy by the local people.
150 Bababudan Hills Dattagiri / Baba Budangiri (or Bababudangiri or
Baba Budan Giri) is a mountain in the Dattagiri Hill Range / Baba
Budan Giri Range of the Western Ghats of India. Located in the
Chikkamagaluru District of Karnataka, Dattagiri/ Baba Budangiri is
known for its shrine which is a place of pilgrimage for both Hindus and
Muslims. Mullayanagiri also spelt Mullayangiri or Mullainagiri is the
highest peak in the Baba Budan Giri Range. With a height of 1930 m
(6317 ft.), it is the highest peak between the Himalayas and the
Nilgiris. The range, originally known as Chandra Drona Parvatha,
takes its current name from the Dattapeeta Cave and 17th century Sufi
saint Baba Budan. The Dattagiri or Baba Budan Giri Range includes
the highest peaks of Karnataka. Unique mountain flowers called Kurinji
blooms in these hill ranges once in every 12 years and the last time
this spectacle happened here was in 2006.
151 Garhjat Hills
152 Telengana Plateau Telangana name means land of Telugu
people. It is a region bordering the states of Maharashtra on North-
West, Karnataka on West, Chattisgarh and Orissa on North, and
Coastal Andhra region on East and Rayalaseema region on South;
both these regions were part of Andhra state and were merged with
Telangana region to form the current Andhra Pradesh state in 1956.
The region has an area of 114,840 km2, and population of 30,696,520
per the 2001 census. The Krishna and Godavari rivers flow through the
region from west to east. The Telangana plateau is drained by two
major rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna. The surface is dotted with
low depressions. The region has very valuable coal mines in
Kotthagoodem.
153 Rayalseema Plateau is a geographic region in the state of
Andhra Pradesh in India. It includes the districts of Anantapur, Chittoor,
Kadapa, Kurnool, parts of Prakasam and Nellore districts. The usage
of the word and identification to a geographic area is relatively recent
(early 20th century).
154 Aravalli Hills literally meaning 'line of peaks', is a range of
mountains in western India from northeast to southwest across states
of Rajasthan, Haryana. The northern end of the range continues as
isolated hills and rocky ridges into Haryana state, ending near Delhi.
The southern end is at Palanpur near Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The
highest peak is Guru Shikhar in Mount Abu. Rising to 5653 feet
(1723 meters), it lies near the southwestern extremity of the range,
close to the border with the Gujarat District. The city of Udaipur with its
lakes lies on the south slope of the range in Rajasthan. Numerous
rivers arises amidst the ranges including, Banas River, Luni River,
Sakhi, Sabarmati River. Being rich in mineral resources, the Aravali
hills have witnessed years of illegal mining, which have led to their fast
erosion in Rajasthan and Haryana. This also poses a grave
environmental concern as the ranges form a natural barrier against the
spread of the Thar desert northwards into the Gangetic plains in the
Gangetic basin and Gujarat.
155 Malwa Plateau is a region in west-central northern India
occupying a plateau of volcanic origin in the western part of the state of
Madhya Pradesh. Most of the region is drained by the Chambal River
and its tributaries; the western part is drained by the upper reaches of
the Mahi River. The region has been one of the important producers of
opium in the world. Cotton and soybeans are other important cash
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
crops, and textiles are a major industry. The region includes the
Madhya Pradesh districts of Dewas, Dhar, Indore, Jhabua, Mandsaur,
Neemuch, Rajgarh, Ratlam, Shajapur, Ujjain, and parts of Guna and
Sehore, and the Rajasthan districts of Jhalawar and parts of Banswara
and Chittorgarh. The region has a tropical climate with dry deciduous
forests that are home to a number of tribes, most important of them
being the Bhils.
156 Vindhya Range is a range of older rounded mountains and hills
in the west-central Indian subcontinent, which geographically
separates the Indian subcontinent into northern India (the Indo-
Gangetic plain) and Southern India.The western end of the range is in
the state of Gujarat at the eastern side of the Gujarat peninsula, near
the border with the modern states of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
Reaching the sub-continent proper, the range runs east and north
nearly to the Ganges River at Mirzapur. The area to the north and
west of the range are arid and inhospitable, located in the shadow of
both the Vindhya and the higher Aravalli range to the south blocking
the prevailing winds. The southern slopes of the range are drained by
the Narmada River, which proceeds westward to the Arabian Sea in
the wide valley between the Vindhya Range and the parallel Satpura
Range farther to the south. The northern slopes of the range are
drained by tributaries of the Ganges, including the Kali Sindh, Parbati,
Betwa, and Ken, Son, a tributary of the Ganges, drains the southern
slopes of the range at its eastern end.
157 Kaimur hills is the eastern portion of the Vindhya Range, about
483 kilometres long, extending from around Katangi in Balaghat district
of Madhya Pradesh to around Sasaram in Rohtas district of Bihar. It
passes through the Rewa and Mirzapur divisions. The range never
rises more than a few hundred metres above the surrounding plains
and has a maximum width of around 80 km.The southern part of the
Vindhyan Range up to Katangi is called Bhander Range. A series of
plateaux runs along the Kaimur Range. These fluvial plateaux, consists
of a series of descending plateaux, starting with the Panna Plateau in
the west, followed by Bhander Plateau and Rewa Plateau and ending
with Rohtas Plateau in the east.
158 Gir Range or Girnar (also known as "Girnar Hill") is a collection
of mountains in the Junagadh District of Gujarat, India, situated near
Junagadh at a distance of 327km from Ahmedabad. It is a holy place
and an important pilgrimage for both Hindus and Jains. The nearby Gir
Forest serves as sanctuary for the last remaining Asiatic Lions. It is
also famous for the Kathiawadi culture in the adjacent region.
159 Dafla Hills Daphla (or Dafla) Hills, a tract of hilly country on the
border of western Arunachal Pradesh occupied by a tribe called
Daphla. It lies to the north of the Tezpur and North Lakhimpur
subdivisions, and is bounded on the west by the Aka hills and on the
east by the Abor range.
160 Mishmi Hills
161 Patkai Hills are the hills on India's North Eastern border with
Burma. They were created by the same tectonic processes that
resulted in the formation of the Himalayain the Mesozoic .They are not
as rugged as the Himalayas and its peaks are much lower in height.
Features of the range include conical peaks, steep slopes and deep
valleys.
162 Naga Hills lie on the border of India and Myanmar. These hills
are part of a complex mountain system, and the parts of the mountain
ranges inside the Indian state of Nagaland are called Naga hills. The
hills, due to their complexity and position form a barrier between India
and the former Burma.
163 Barail Range
164 Mizo /Lushai Hills
165 Shillong Plateau The Shillong Plateau is a plateau in eastern
Meghalaya state, northeastern India. The plateau's southern, northern,
and western ridges form the Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia Hills
respectively. The plateau shows numerous fracture lineaments in
satellite images and has been subjected to extensive compressive
forces in the N-S and E-W direction. Several deep earthquakes point to
tectonic activity in the mantle.
166 Garo Hills The Garo Hills are part of the Garo-Khasi range in
Meghalaya, India. They are inhabited mainly by tribal dwellers.
Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya, is located in this range. It is one of
the wettest places in the world. The range is part of the Meghalaya
subtropical forests ecoregion. These places are rich reserves of natural
flora and fauna.
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
167 Khasi Hills are part of the Garo-Khasi range in Meghalaya,
India, and is part of the Patkai range and of the Meghalaya subtropical
forests ecoregion. The region is inhabited mainly by tribal Khasi
dwellers, which are traditionally in various chieftainships, petty states
known as the Khasi Hill States. One of its capitals, Cherrapunji, is
considered the wettest place in the world.
168 Jaintia Hills are part of the Patkai group along with gar and
Khasi ranges. It lies in Meghalaya. Agriculture and mining are the
dominant economic activities. These regions has large reserves of coal
and is the largest producer of coal within Meghalaya.
169 Mikir Hills
170 Rengma Hills
171 Pamir Knot The Pamir Mountains are a mountain range in
Central Asia formed by the junction or knot of the Himalayas, Tian
Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, and Hindu Kush ranges. They are among
the world’s highest mountains and since Victorian times they have
been known as the "Roof of the World", translated from "Pamir".
Covered in snow throughout the year, the Pamirs have long and
bitterly cold winters, and short, cool summers. Coal is mined in the
west, though sheep herding in upper meadowlands are the primary
source of income for the region.
172 Hindukush is a 500-mile mountain range stretching between
north-western Pakistan and eastern and central Afghanistan. The
highest point in the Hindu Kush is Tirich Mir (7,708 m or 25,289 ft) in
Pakistan. It is the westernmost extension of the Pamir Mountains, the
Karakoram Range, and is a sub-range of the Himalayas. It is also
calculated to be the geographic center of population of the world.
Rivers that flow from the mountain system include the Helmand River,
the Hari River and the Kabul River, watersheds for the Sistan Basin.
173 Kunlun are one of the longest mountain chains in Asia,
extending more than 3,000 km. In the broadest sense, it forms the
northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau south of the Tarim basin. They
enter India in the Akshi Chin region.
174 Karakoram is a large mountain range spanning the borders
between Pakistan, India and China, located in the regions of Gilgit-
Baltistan (Pakistan), Ladakh (India), and Xinjiang region, (China). It is
one of the Greater Ranges of Asia, a part of the greater Himalaya
while north of the actual Himalaya Range. The range is the most
heavily glaciated part of the world outside the polar regions. The
Siachen Glacier at 70 km and the Biafo Glacier at 63 km rank as the
world's second and third longest glaciers outside the polar regions. The
Karakoram is bounded on the northeast by the edge of the Tibetan
Plateau, and on the north by the Pamir Mountains. The southern
boundary of the Karakoram is formed, west to east, by the Gilgit,
Indus, and Shyok Rivers, which separate the range from the
northwestern end of the Himalaya range The Notable Peaks of the
Karakoram are: K2 , Gasherbrum I , Broad Peak (Phalchen Kangri),
Gasherbrum II ,Gasherbrum III , Gasherbrum IV, Masherbrum I.
175 Kailash Range are part of the Greater Himalayas.
176 Ladakh Range The Ladakh Range is a segment of the
Karakoram Range, that extends southeastward for 230 miles (370 km)
from the mouth of the Shyok River in the Ladakh region to the Tibetan
border. With a crest line of about 20,000 feet (6,100 m), the range
parallels the northeast bank of the Indus River. Ladakh is a beautiful
desert region. Culturally/geographically close to Tibet.It has few
resources with an extreme climate, the Buddhist Ladakhis with their
traditions and intimate knowledge of local environment have survived &
actually prospered.
177 Zaskar Range is a mountain range in the Indian state of Jammu
and Kashmir that separates Greater Himalayan range from Ladakh.
The average height of the Zanskar Range is about 6,000 m (19,700 ft).
To the south-west is the Great Himalayan Range which separates
Zanskar from the Kisthwar and Chamba basins. The only outlet for the
whole Zanskar hydrographic system is the Zanskar river, which cuts a
deep and narrow gorge through the Zanskar range. Much of Zanskar's
vegetation is found in the lower reaches of the valleys, and consists of
alpine and tundra species. Most impressive are the meadows covered
with thousands of edelweiss. Zanskar is a high altitude semi-desert
lying on the Northern flank of the Great Himalayan Range. This
mountain range acts as a climatic barrier protecting Ladakh and
Zanskar from most of the monsoon, resulting in a pleasantly warm and
dry climate in the summer.
178 Pir Panjal Range is a mountain range in the Middle Himalayas
running from east south east to west north west across the states of
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir as well as Pakistan
occupied Kashmir. The eastern segment of the range forms the
watershed that separates the Chenab (Chandrabhaga) river basin from
the Beas and Ravi river basins. Rohtang La is a mountain pass on the
eastern Pir Panjal range. It connects Manali in the Kullu Valley to
Keylong in the Lahaul Valley. Haji Pir Pass is a mountain pass on the
western Pir Panjal range between Poonch and Uri (India). The hill
stations of Gulmarg in Jammu and Kashmir lies in this range.
179 Shivalik Range sometimes called Churia or Chure Hills or Outer
Himalaya -- are the southernmost and geologically youngest east-west
mountain chain of the Himalayan System. The Sivaliks crest at 600 to
1,200 meters and have many sub-ranges. They extend 1,600 km from
the Teesta River in Sikkim, westward through Nepal and Uttarakhand,
continuing into Kashmir and Northern Pakistan. The Sivalik Hills are
chiefly composed of sandstone and conglomerate rock formations.
180 Sahyadris The Western Ghats also known as the Sahyadri
Mountains, is a mountain range along the western side of India. It runs
north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and
separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian
Sea. The Western Ghats block rainfall to the Deccan Plateau. The
range starts near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the
River Tapti, and runs approximately 1600 km through the states of
Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala ending at
Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of India. These hills form the
catchment area for a complex of river systems that drain almost 40%
of India. The Western Ghats are not true mountains, but are the faulted
edge of the Deccan Plateau. They are believed to have been formed
during the break-up of the super continent of Gondwana some 150
million years ago. Residual laterite and bauxite ores are found in the
southern hills. This range is home to many hill stations like Matheran,
Lonavala-Khandala, Mahabaleshwar, Panchgani, Amboli Ghat,
Kudremukh and Kodagu. The range is called Sahyadri in northern
Maharashtra and Sahya Parvatam in Kerala. The Western Ghats have
several manmade lakes and reservoirs. The well known lakes are the
Ooty (2500 m altitude, 34.0 ha) in Nilgiris, and the Kodaikanal (2285 m,
26 ha) in the Palni Hills. The majority of streams draining the Western
Ghats and joining the Rivers Krishna and Kaveri carry water during
monsoon months only and have been dammed for hydroelectric and
irrigation purposes. The Western Ghats form one of the three
watersheds of India, feeding the perennial rivers of India. Important
rivers include the Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri. These rivers flow to
the east and drain out into the Bay of Bengal. The west flowing rivers,
that drain into the Arabian Sea, are fast-moving, owing to the short
distance travelled and steeper gradient. Important rivers include the
Mandovi and Zuari.
181 Ladakh Plateau
182 Aksai Chin is located in the northwestern region of Jammu and
Kashmir. The northern part of Aksai Chin is referred to as the Soda
Plain and contains Aksai Chin's largest river, the Karakosh.
183 Kalsubai
184 Dhupgarh is the highest point in the Satpura Range and in
Madhya Pradesh. Located near Pachmarhi, it has an elevation of
1,350 metres.
185 Blue Peak is in Mizoram.
186 Sadal Peak is in Andaman Nicobar.
187 Malaygiri in Orissa.
188 North Cachar in Orissa Andhra Pradesh border.
Rivers
189 Indus river is a major river which flows through the Indian
Subcontinent. Originating in the Tibetan plateau in the vicinity of Lake
Mansarovar in Tibet Autonomous Region, the river runs a course
through the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir and then enters into
Pakistan to merge into the Arabian Sea near port city of Karachi in
Sindh. The total length of the river is 3,180 kilometers and is Pakistan's
longest river. The river has a total drainage area exceeding 1,165,000
square kilometers (450,000 square miles). The river's estimated annual
flow stands at around 207 cubic kilometers, making it the twenty-first
largest river in the world in terms of annual flow. Beginning at the
heights of the world with glaciers, the river feeds the ecosystem of
temperate forests, plains and arid countryside. Together with the rivers
Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Jhelum, Beas and two tributaries from the
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Afghanistan, the Indus forms the Sapta
Sindhu (Seven Rivers) delta of Pakistan. The Indus provides the key
water resources for the economy of Pakistan - especially the
Breadbasket of Punjab province, which accounts for most of the
nation's agricultural production, and Sindh. The word Punjab is a
Persian words panj meaning Five, and āb meaning Water, giving the
literal meaning of the Land of the Five Rivers. The Five rivers after
which Punjab is named are the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and the
Sutlej. The river also supports many heavy industries and provides the
main supply of potable water in Pakistan. The Indus is one of the few
rivers in the world that exhibit a tidal bore. The Indus system is largely
fed by the snows and glaciers of the Himalayas, Karakoram and the
Hindu Kush ranges of Tibet, the state of Jammu and Kashmir and the
Northern Areas of Pakistan respectively. The flow of the river is also
determined by the seasons - it diminishes greatly in the winter, while
flooding its banks in the monsoon months from July to September.
There is also evidence of a steady shift in the course of the river since
prehistoric times - it deviated westwards from flowing into the Rann of
Kutch and adjoining Banni grasslands after the 1816 earthquake. [edit]
Tributaries Hunza river Nagar river Gilgit River Kabul River Shyok
River Zanskar River The Indus River feeds the Indus submarine fan,
which is the second largest sediment body on the Earth at around 5
million cubic kilometres of material eroded from the mountains. Studies
of the sediment in the modern river indicate that the Karakoram
Mountains in northern Pakistan are the single most important source of
material, with the Himalayas providing the next largest contribution,
mostly via the large rivers of the Punjab (i.e., the Jhelum, Ravi,
Chenab, Beas and the Sutlej). Analysis of sediments from the Arabian
Sea has demonstrated that prior to five million years ago the Indus was
not connected to these Punjab rivers which instead flowed east into the
Ganga and were captured after that time[8]. Earlier work showed that
sand and silt from western Tibet was reaching the Arabian Sea by 45
million years ago, implying the existence of an ancient Indus River by
that time[9]. The delta of this proto-Indus river has subsequently been
found in the Katawaz Basin, on the Afghan-Pakistan border. The Indus
according to the ancient Rigveda is the Saraswati which flowed from
the Himalayas through Pakistan to the Arabian Sea. In the Nanga
Parbat region, the massive amounts of erosion due to the Indus river
following the capture and rerouting through that area is thought to bring
middle and lower crustal rocks to the surface[10]
190 Shyok The Shyok River flows through the Ladakh of India and
the Northern Areas of Pakistan (Ghangche District), spanning some
550 km (340 mi). Shyok River, a tributary of the Indus River, originates
from the Rimo Glacier, one of the tongues of Siachen Glacier. The
river widens at the confluence with the Nubra River. The alignment of
the Shyok river is very unusual, originating from the Rimo glacier, it
flows in a southeasternly direction and joining the Pangong range, it
takes a northwestern turn, flowing parallel to its previous path. The
Shyok flows in a wide valley, suddenly entering a narrow gorge after
Chalunka and then joining the Indus at Keris.[1] The Nubra river,
originating from the Siachen glacier, also behaves like the Shyok.
Before Tirit the SE flowing river Nubra takes a NW turn on meeting the
river Shyok. The similarity in the courses of these two important rivers
probably indicates a series of paleo fault lines trending NW-SE in
delimiting the upper courses of the rivers. The importance of the Indus
and the Shyok rivers is in the deposition of the thick Quaternary
sediments—a treasure trove for geology researchers.
191 Hunza is the most principal river of Hunza, in the Northern Areas
of Pakistan. It is formed by the confluence of the Kilik and Khunjerab
nalas (gorges) which are fed by glaciers. It is joined by the Gilgit River
and the Naltar River before it flows into the Indus River. The river cuts
through the Karakoram range, flowing from north to south. The
Karakoram Highway crosses the Hunza River near Hunza and Nagar
valleys.
192 Gilgit
193 Satluj is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the
historic crossroad region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan. It is
located north of the Vindhya Range, south of the Hindu Kush segment
of the Himalayas, and east of the Central Sulaiman Range in Pakistan.
The Sutlej is sometimes known as the Red River. It is the easternmost
tributary of the Indus River. Its source is at Lake Rakshastal in Tibet
near Mount Kailas, and it flows generally west and southwest entering
India through the Shipki La pass in Himachal Pradesh. The Sutlej,
along with all of the Punjab rivers, is thought to have drained east into
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
the Ganges prior to 5 mya[2]. There is substantial geologic evidence to
indicate that prior to 1700 BC at the latest, Sutlej was an important
tributary of the Ghaggar-Hakra River (possibly through the Saraswati
river) rather than the Indus with various authors putting the redirection
from 2500-2000 BC[3][4] or 5000-3000 BC[5]. Geologists believe that
tectonic activity created elevation changes which redirected the flow of
Sutlej from the southeast to the southwes
194 Beas is the second easternmost of the rivers of the Punjab, a
tributary of Indus River. The river rises in the Himalayas in central
Himachal Pradesh, India, and flows for some 470 km (290 miles) to the
Sutlej River in South Punjab of India. The Beas River marks the
eastern-most border of Alexander's conquests in 326 BC. According to
Kavyamimansa [3] of Rajasekhara, the kingdom-territories of Gurjara-
Pratihara monarch Mahipala I was extended till the upper course of the
river Bias in the north-west.[4] The river begins at the Rohtang Pass in
the state of Himachal Pradesh, merging with the Sutlej at Harike
Pattan south of Amritsar in Punjab, India via Mandi. The Sutlej
continues into Pakistani Punjab and joins the Chenab River at Uch
near Bahawalpur to form the Panjnad River; the latter in turn joins the
Indus River at Mithankot.
195 Ravi is a trans-boundary river flowing through Northwestern India
and Northeastern Pakistan. It is one of the six rivers of the Indus
System in Punjab region (name of Punjab means "Five Rivers"). The
Ravi River, a trans-boundary river of India and Pakistan, is an integral
part of the Indus River Basin and forms the headwaters of the Indus
basin. The waters of the Ravi River drain in to the Indian Ocean
through the Indus River in Pakistan. The river rises in the Rohtang
Pass near Kullu of Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh in India. The
river drains a total catchment area of 14,442 square kilometres
(5,576 sq mi) in India after flowing for a length of 725 kilometres
(450 mi). Flowing westward, it is hemmed by the Pir Panjal and
Dhauladhar ranges, forming a triangular zone The Ravi River
originates in the Himalayas in the Chamba district of Himachal
Pradesh, India. It follows a north-westerly course and is a perennial
river.
196 Chenab is formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga
rivers at Tandi located in the upper Himalayas in the Lahul and Spiti
District of Himachal Pradesh, India. In its upper reaches it is also
known as the Chandrabhaga. It flows through the Jammu region of
Jammu and Kashmir into the plains of the Punjab, forming the
boundary between the Rechna and Jech interfluves (Doabs in
Persian). It is joined by the Jhelum River at Trimmu ‫ وم رت‬and then by
the Ravi River Ahmedpur Sial ‫لا س روپدمحا‬. It then merges with the
Sutlej River near Uch Sharif, Pakistan to form the Panjnad or the 'Five
Rivers', the fifth being the Beas River which joins the Satluj near
Ferozepur, India. The Chenab then joins the Indus at Mithankot,
Pakistan. The total length of the Chenab is approximately 960
kilometres.
197 Jhelum is a river that flows in India and Pakistan. It is the largest
and most western of the five rivers of Punjab, and passes through
Jhelum District. It is a tributary of the Chenab River and has a total
length of about 480 miles The river Jhelum rises from a spring at
Verinag situated at the foot of the Pir Panjal in the south-eastern part
of the valley of Kashmir in India. It flows through Srinagar and the
Wular lake before entering Pakistan through a deep narrow gorge. The
Kishenganga (Neelum) River, the largest tributary of the Jhelum, joins
it, at Domel Muzaffarabad, as does the next largest, the Kunhar River
of the Kaghan valley. It also connects with Pakistan and Pakistan-held
Kashmir on Kohala Bridge east of Circle Bakote. It is then joined by the
Poonch river, and flows into the Mangla Dam reservoir in the district of
Mirpur. The Jhelum enters the Punjab in the Jhelum District. From
there, it flows through the plains of Pakistan's Punjab, forming the
boundary between the Chaj and Sindh Sagar Doabs. It ends in a
confluence with the Chenab at Trimmu in District Jhang. The Chenab
merges with the Sutlej to form the Panjnad River which joins the Indus
River at Mithankot.
198 Alaknanda The Alaknanda is a Himalayan river in the state of
Uttarakhand, India that is one of the two headstreams of the Ganges,
the major river of Northern India and the holy river of Hinduism. The
other headstream, Bhagirathi, which is longer, is the source stream
The Alaknanda rises at the confluence and feet of the Satopanth and
Bhagirath Kharak glaciers in Uttarakhand. It meets the Bhagirathi river
at Devprayag after flowing for approximately 190 km (118.1 mi)
through the Alaknanda valley. Its main tributaries are the Mandakini,
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
Nandakini, and Pindar rivers. The Alaknanda system drains parts of
Chamoli, Tehri, and Pauri districts Alaknanda River origin is of great
interest for the tourists who dare to visit the pilgrimages in Uttaranchal.
Rise of the Ganges in India is from the southern part of the Indian
Himalaya, almost near to Tibet border. This river is among the best for
river rafting in the world due to its high rafting grade.
199 Bhagirathi The Bhāgīrathī is a turbulent Himalayan river in the
state of Uttarakhand, India, that is the source stream of the Ganges—
the major river of the Gangetic plain of Northern India and the holy
river of Hinduism The headwaters of the Bhagirathi are formed at
Gaumukh (elevation 3,892 metres (12,769 feet)), at the foot of the
Gangotri glacier and Khatling glaciers in the Garhwal Himalaya. It is
then joined by its tributaries; these are, in order from the source: the
Kedar Ganga at Gangotri (elevation 3,049 m (10,003 ft)), the Jadh
Ganga at Bhaironghati (elevation 2,650 m (8,694 ft)), the Kakora
Gadand Jalandhari Gad near Harsil (elevation 2,745 m (9,006 ft)), the
Siyan Gad near Jhala (elevation 2,575 m (8,448 ft)), the Asi
Ganganear Uttarkashi (elevation 1,158 m (3,799 ft)), and finally the
Bhilangna near Old Tehri
200 Ganga is the largest river of the Indian subcontinent, flowing east
through the Gangetic Plain of northern India into Bangladesh. The
2,510 km (1,560 mi) river rises in the western Himalayas in the
Uttarakhand The Ganges Basin drains 1,000,000-square-kilometre
(390,000 sq mi) and supports one of the world's highest density of
humans. The average depth of the river is 52 feet (16 m), and the
maximum depth, 100 feet (30 m). The river has been declared as
India's National River. There are two major dams on the Ganges. One
at Haridwar diverts much of the Himalayan snow-melt into the Upper
Ganges Canal, The other dam is a serious hydroelectric affair at
Farakka, close to the point where the main flow of the river enters
Bangladesh, and the tributary Hooghly
201 Sone is the largest of the Ganges' southern tributaries The Son
originates near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh, just east of the
headwater of the Narmada River, and flows north-northwest through
Madhya Pradesh state before turning sharply eastward when it
encounters the southwest-northeast-running Kaimur Range. The Son
parallels the Kaimur hills, flowing east-northeast through Uttar
Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar states to join the Ganges just above
Patna. Geologically, the lower valley of the Son is an extension of the
Narmada Valley, and the Kaimur Range an extension of the Vindhya
Range. Dehri on sone is the major town situated on Sone River.
202 Yamuna is the largest tributary river of the Ganges (Ganga) in
northern India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height
6,387 mtrs., on the south western slopes of Banderpooch peaks, in the
Lower Himalayas, it travels a total length of 1,376 kilometers (855 mi)
and has a drainage system of 366,223 km2, 40.2% of the entire Ganga
Basin, before merging with the Ganges at Triveni Sangam, The source
of Yamuna lies in the Yamunotri Glacier at a height 6,387 mtrs., on the
south western slopes of Banderpooch peaks, which lie in the
Mussoorie range of Lower Himalayas, in the Uttarkashi district,
Uttarakhand, north of Haridwar Important tributaries Tons River,
Hindon River, Ken River, Chambal River
203 Chambal is a tributary of the Yamuna River in central India. The
river flows north-northeast through Madhya Pradesh, running for a time
through Rajasthan, then forming the boundary between Rajasthan and
Madhya Pradesh before turning southeast to join the Yamuna in Uttar
Pradesh state . The Chambal and its tributaries drain the Malwa region
of northwestern Madhya Pradesh, while its tributary, the Banas, which
rises in the Aravalli Range, drains southeastern Rajasthan. The
Chambal ends a confluence of five rivers, including the Chambal,
Kwari, Yamuna, Sind, Pahuj, at Pachnada near Bhareh in Uttar
Pradesh state, at the border of Bhind and Etawah districts. Chambal is
utilized for hydropower generation at Gandhi Sagar dam, Rana Pratap
Sagar dam and Jawahar Sagar Dam and for annual irrigation of
5668.01 square kilometres in the commands of the right main canal
and the left main canal of the Kota Barrage. The Gandhi Sagar dam
lies on the Chambal in Neemuch District of Madhya Pradesh
204 Sind
205 Betwa a tributary of the Yamuna. Also known as the Vetravati,
the Betwa rises in the Vindhya Range just north of Hoshangabad in
Madhya Pradesh and flows north-east through Madhya Pradesh and
flow through Orchha to Uttar Pradesh. Nearly one-half of its course,
which is not navigable, runs over the Malwa Plateau before it breaks
into the upland. A tributary of the Yamuna River, the confluence of the
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
Betwa and the Yamuna Rivers takes place in the Hamirpur town in
Uttar Pradesh, Dams on river Betwa Rajghat Dam Matatila Dam
Parichha Dam
206 Ken The Ken River is one the major rivers of the Bundelkhand
region of central India, and flows through two states, Madhya Pradesh
and Uttar Pradesh. It is a tributary of the Yamuna, The Ken River
originates near village Ahirgawan on the north-west slopes of Kaimur
Range in Jabalpur district[1] and travels a distance of 427 km, before
merging with the Yamuna at Chilla village, near Fatehpur in Uttar
Pradesh The Raneh Falls on the Ken river and Ken Ghariyal Sanctuary
are tourist attractions
207 Ramganga Ramganga West river originates from Doodhatoli
ranges in the district of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand state of India. The
river Ramganga flows to south west from Kumaun Himalaya. It is a
tributary of the river Ganga, originates from the high altitude zone of
800m-900m. Ramganga flows by the Corbett National Park near
Ramnagar of Nainital district from where it descends upon the plains
208 Gomti is a tributary of the Ganges River originates from Gomat
Taal which formally known as Fulhaar jheel, near Madho Tanda,
Pilibhit, India. It extends 900 km (560 miles) through Uttar Pradesh and
meets the Ganges River near Saidpur,Kaithi in Ghazipur.
209 Ghaghra is a trans-boundary perennial river originating on the
Tibetan plateau near Lake Mansarovar. It cuts through the Himalayas
in Nepal and joins the Sarda River at Brahmaghat in India. It rises in
the southern slopes of the Himalayas in Tibet, in the glaciers of
Mapchachungo, at an altitude of about 3962 metres (13,000 ft) above
sea level
210 Gandak is one of the major rivers of Nepal and a left bank
tributary of the Ganges in India. In Nepal the river is notable for its
deep gorge through the Himalaya and its enormous hydroelectric
potential. It has a total catchment area of 46,300 km2, most of it in
Nepal. It lies between the similar Kosi system to the east and the
Karnali system to the west. The Gandaki river basin is reported to
contain 1025 glaciers and 338 lakes
211 Kosi is a trans-boundary river flowing through Nepal and India.
There are two national parks in the Koshi river basin: the Sagarmatha
National Park, located in eastern Nepal, containing parts of the
Himalayas and the southern half of Mount Everest, and the Koshi
Tappu Wildlife Reserve situated on the flood plains of the Sapta-Koshi
River in Eastern Nepal. The Kosi is known as the "Sorrow of Bihar" as
it flows from Nepal to India,[5] as it has caused widespread human
suffering in the past through flooding and very frequent changes in
course
212 Mahananda
213 Brahmaputra is a trans-boundary river and one of the major
rivers of Asia. From its origin in southwestern Tibet as the Yarlung
Tsangpo River, it flows across southern Tibet to break through the
Himalayas in great gorges and into Arunachal Pradesh (India) where it
is known as Dihang.[2] It flows southwest through the Assam Valley as
Brahmaputra and south through Bangladesh as the Jamuna (not to be
mistaken with Yamuna of India). There it merges with the Ganges to
form a vast delta, the Sunderbans. About 1,800 miles (2,900 km) long,
the river is an important source for irrigation and transportation The
Yarlung Tsangpo originates in the Jima Yangzong glacier[3] near
Mount Kailash in the northern Himalayas. It then flows east for about
1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi), at an average height of 4,000 metres
(13,000 ft), and is thus the highest of the major rivers in the world. At
its easternmost point, it bends around Mt. Namcha Barwa, and forms
the Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon which is considered the deepest in the
world During the monsoon season (June-October), floods are a
common occurrence
214 Lohit Lohit River is a river in Arunachal Pradesh in India. It is a
tributary to the Brahmaputra River.The Lohit river comes into India
from China and flows near India's eastern most inhabited tip, at a place
called Kibithu. Indian Army uses this river for various expeditions and
training.There have been very few raft expeditions on the Lohit River.It
is a medium volume continuous Class 4+/5 river in its upper alpine
reaches and becomes pool drop towards the latter end of the trip.
Rafting was first started in February 1994 by the Indian Army and the
first successful kayak descent of the river in December 2003.
215 Subansiri
216 Tista is said to be the lifeline of the Indian state of Sikkim, flowing
for almost the entire length of the state and carving out verdant
Himalayan temperate and tropical river valleys. The emerald-coloured
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
river then forms the border between Sikkim and West Bengal before
joining the Brahmaputra as a tributary in Bangladesh. Total length of
the river is 315 kilometres (196 mi). The river originates from Cholamo
Lake at an elevation of 5,330 m (17,487 ft) above sea level in the
Himalayas.[1] This lake lies to the north of the Donkia pass near
Shetschen, where the summit of the pass is about eight kilometres
north-east of Darjeeling. Through its course, river has carved out
ravines and gorges in Sikkim meandering through the hills with the hill
station Kalimpong lying just off the river. Variegated vegetation can be
seen along this route. At lower elevations, tropical deciduous trees and
shrubs cover the surrounding hills; alpine vegetation is seen at the
upper altitudes. The river is flanked by white sand which is used by the
construction industry in the region. Large boulders in and around the
waters make it ideal for rafting enthusiasts
217 Manas is a transboundary river in the Himalayan foothills
between southern Bhutan and India. It is named after Manasa, the
serpent god in Hindu mythology.[1] It is the largest river system of
Bhutan,[2] among its four major river systems; the other three are Amo
Chu or Torsa, Wong Chu or Raidak, Mo Chu or Sankosh. It is met by
three other major streams before it again debouches into India in
western Assam. The Manas River valley formed by the Manas river
system encompasses territory in Bhutan (eastern Bhutan) and India
with a total drainage area of 41,350 square kilometres (15,970 sq mi).
It is called the Drangme Chhu, flows in southwesterly direction from
Arunachal Pradesh in India.
218 Hugli is an approximately 260 kilometres (160 mi) long
distributary of the Ganges River in West Bengal, India. It splits from the
Ganges as a canal in Murshidabad District at the Farakka Barrage.
The town of Hugli-Chinsura, formerly Hooghly, is located on the river,
in the Hooghly (district) The river provides perennial supply of water to
the plain of West Bengal for irrigation and human & industry
consumption. The river is navigable and the major transport system in
the region with a huge traffic flow
219 Damodar originates near Chandwa village, Palamau district, on
the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the Jharkhand state in eastern India, and
flows eastward for about 592 km through the states of Jharkhand and
West Bengal to the estaury of the River Hooghly. It has a number of
tributaries and subtributaries, such as Barakar, Konar, Bokaro, Haharo,
Jamunia, Ghari, Guaia, Khadia and Bhera.
220 Barakar is the main tributary of the Damodar River in eastern
India. Originating near Padma in Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand it
flows for 225 kilometers (140 mi) across the northern part of the Chota
Nagpur plateau, mostly in a west to east direction, before joining the
Damodar near Dishergarh in Bardhaman district of West Bengal. It has
a catchment area of 6,159 km2 (2,378 sq mi). The main tributaries,
Barsoti and Usri, flow in from the south and north respectively dams----
- taliya and maithon. The reservoirs at Tilaiya and Maithon, provided
scope for development of fisheries
221 Konar is a tributary of Damodar River in Hazaribagh and Bokaro
districts of the Indian state of Jharkhand. The Konar originates near
Sultana village on the Hazaribagh-Chatra Road.[1]Thereafter, the
Konar with its tributary Siwani drains a greater portion of the
Hazaribagh plateau, and then descending through the barren wastes
of scrub and jungle passes Gomia to receive the waters of the Bokaro
River, shortly before it joins the Damodar River near Jaridih Bazar in
Bokaro district. Konar Dam is the second of the four multi-purpose
dams included in the first phase of the Damodar Valley Corporation. It
was constructed across the Konar River and inaugurated in 1955[3]
222 Bokaro The Bokaro River rises on the Hazaribagh plateau, south
of Hazaribagh, but quickly skirts the southern face to pass in a narrow
and beautiful valley between Jilinga and Langu Hills.[1]It passes
through the west and east Bokaro coalfields.[2][3]It flows into the
Konar River shortly before the latter flows in to the Damodar River.[1]
A barrage has been constructed at the point of its confluence with the
Konar River to supply water to Bokaro Thermal Power Station.[4]
223 Subarnrekha flows through the Indian states of Jharkhand, West
Bengal and Orissa. The basin of the Subarnarekha is smaller amongst
the mutli-state river basins in India. The rain-fed river covers a
drainage area of 1.93 million hectares[10] The prominent tributaries of
the Subarnarekha are Kharkai, Raru, Kanchi, Damra, Karru, Chinguru,
Karakari, Gurma, Garra, Singaduba, Kodia, Dulunga and Khaijori.
Hundru Falls is created on the course of the Subarnarekha The
Subarnarekha multipurpose project envisaged the construction of two
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
dams, one at Chandil across the Subarnarekha and the other across
the Kharkai at Icha near Chaibasa,
224 Brahmniis a major seasonal river in the Orissa state of Eastern
India. The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the Sankh and
South Koel rivers, and flows through the districts of Sundargarh,
Kendujhar, Dhenkanal, Cuttack and Jajapur.[1] Together with the rivers
Mahanadi and Baitarani, it forms a large delta before entering into the
Bay of Bengal at Dhamra.
225 Mahanadi in East Central India. It drains an area of around
132,100 km2 and has a total course of 858 km.[1]. The river flows
through the states of Chhattisgarh, Orissa, and Jharkhand. the
Mahanadi too is a combination of many mountain streams and thus its
precise source is impossible to pinpoint. However its farthest
headwaters lie 6 km from Pharisiya village 442 m above sea level
south of Nagri town in Dhamtari district of Chhattisgarh
226 Godavari runs from western to southern India and is considered
to be one of the big river basins in India. With a length of 1465 km, it is
the second longest river in India (only after the Ganges), that runs
within the country. It originates near Trimbak in Nashik District of
Maharashtra state and flows east across the Deccan Plateau into the
Bay of Bengal near Narasapuram in West Godavari district of Andhra
Pradesh.[ is a major waterway in central India, originating in the
Western Ghats Trimbakeshwar,in the Nashik Subdivision or District Of
Maharashtra and flowing eastwardly across the Deccan Plateau
through the state of Maharashtra. It is known as dakshin ganga. It
enters Andhra Pradesh at Kandhakurthi in Nizamabad district, crosses
the Deccan Plateau and then turns to flow in a southeast direction until
it empties into the Bay of Bengal through two mouths.
227 Manjra
228 Penganga is the chief river of the Yavatmal district in the
Maharashtra state in India and flows along the south east boundaries
of the district in a winding, meandering course. It is deeply entrenched
and not able to be navigated. It rises in the Ajantha range and is a
major tributary of the Wardha River, the other major river in the district.
originates in the Ajantha ranges in Aurangabad district in Maharashtra.
It then flows through Buldhana and Washim districts. then it acts as a
boundary between Yavatmal and Nanded districts of Maharashtra. It
then flows along the state border between Maharashtra and Andhra
Pradesh before converging into Wardha river near a small village
called Wadha in Wani Tehsil of Yavatmal district
229 Wainganga is a river of India, which originates about 12 km from
Mundara village of Seoni district in the southern slopes of the Satpura
Range of Madhya Pradesh, and flows south through Madhya Pradesh
and Maharashtra in a very winding course of approximatedly 360
miles. After joining the Wardha, the united stream, known as the
Pranahita, ultimately falls into the River Godavari.The river has
developed extensive flood plains with sweeping graceful meanders
and low alluvial flats and meander terraces. The river has high banks
10 to 15 m on either side. The Wainganga river receives numerous
tributaries on either bank and drains the western, central and eastern
regions of the Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Bhandara, Gondia and Nagpur
districts of Maharashtra. The chief tributaries of the Wainganga are the
Garhavi, Khobragadi, Kathani and Potphondi on the western bank and
Andhari on the eastern bank.
230 Wardha
231 Indravati is a tributary of the Godavari River, located in central
India. The river rises in the Eastern Ghats in Orissa, and flows west to
join the Godavari, forming the boundary between Maharashtra and
Chhattisgarh states at places. The Chitrakoot Falls is located on
Indravati River, some 40 km from Jagdalpur(Chhattisgarh). The
Indravati is sometimes known as the "lifeline" of the Bastar District, one
of the most green districts in India. Indravati National Park and Tiger
Reserves are located in the adjoining region of Chattisgarh state. Most
of the River Course is through dense forests of Bastar
232 Krishna is one of the longest rivers in central-southern India,
about 1,300 kilometres (810 mi). It rises at Mahabaleswar in
Maharashtra in the west and meets the Bay of Bengal at
Hamasaladeevi in Andhra Pradesh, on the east coast. It also flows
through the state of Karnataka. The delta of the river is one of the most
fe rtile regions in Bharat Its most important tributary is the
Tungabhadra River
233 Bhima originates in Bhimashankar hills near Karjat on the
western side of Western Ghats, known as Sahyadri, in Maharashtra
state in India. Bhima flows southeast for 725 km through Maharashtra,
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh states. Bhima is the most important
tributary of the Krishna river, which is one of the two majors rivers in
Maharastra, the other being Godavari River. Nira confluences with
Bhima in Narsingpur, Solapur. Bhima is a major tributary of the Krishna
River. Its banks are densely populated and form a fertile agricultural
area.[1] The river is prone to flooding due to heavy rainfall during the
monsoon season. In 2005 there were severe flood warnings [2]
234 Koyna The Koyna River rises in Mahabaleshwar and is a
tributary of the Krishna River in western Maharashtra, India. Unlike
most of the other rivers in Maharashtra which flow East-West direction,
the Koyna river flows in North-South direction. The Koyna River is
famous for the Koyna Dam which is the largest hydroelectric project in
Maharashtra. The reservoir — Shivaji Sagar Lake, is a huge lake of 50
km in length. The dam is situated in Koyna Nagar in the Western
Ghats. The river meets the Krishna River, which is one of the three
largest rivers in southern India by Karad. The river is just about 100
meters in width and is slow-flowing. It is an olive shade of green during
the dry months and a bluish-brown in the monsoon months attributed
to much algae and aquatic plant life.
235 Tungabhadra is a sacred river in southern India that flows
through the state of Karnataka to Andhra Pradesh, where it serves as
the chief tributary of the Krishna River. In the epic Ramayana, the
Tungabhadra river was known by the name of Pampa The
Tungabhadra River is formed by the confluence of two rivers, the
Tunga River and the Bhadra River, which flow down the eastern slope
of the Western Ghats in the state of Karnataka TungaBhadra dam is
constructed across river Tungabhadra, a tributary of River Krishna.
236 Kaveri The origin of the river is traditionally placed at Talakaveri,
Kodagu district in the Western Ghats in the state of Karnataka, flows
generally south and east through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and
across the southern Deccan plateau through the southeastern
lowlands, emptying into the Bay of Bengal through two principal
mouths. The Kaveri River basin is estimated to be 27,700 square miles
(72,000 km2) with many tributaries including the Shimsha, the
Hemavati River, the Arkavathy River, Honnuhole River, Lakshmana
Tirtha River, Kabini River, Bhavani River, the Lokapavani River, the
Noyyal River and the Amaravati River. Rising in southwestern
Karnataka state
237 Pennar is a river of southern India. The Penner rises on the hill of
Nandi Hills in Chikballapur District of Karnataka state, and runs 560 km
(350 miles) north and east through the state of Andhra Pradesh to
empty into the Bay of Bengal. The watershed of the Penner and its
tributaries covers part of the southern Deccan plateau, The Penner
basin has a dry tropical monsoon climate. The upper basin of the
Penner is semi-arid, with summer temperatures of 25–46 ºC and winter
temperatures of 18–28ºC.
238 Palar is a river of southern India. It rises in Nandidurg hills in
Kolar district of Karnataka state[1], and flows 93 km in Karnataka, 33
km in Andhra Pradesh and 222 km in Tamil Nadu before its confluence
into the Bay of Bengal
239 Vaigi is a river in Madurai, Tamil Nadu state of southern India. It
originates in the Periyar Plateau of the Western Ghats range, and
flows northeast through the Kambam Valley, which lies between the
Palni Hills to the north and the Varushanad Hills to the south. The
Vattaparai Falls are located on this river. As it rounds the eastern
corner of the Varushanad Hills, the river turns southeast, running
through the region of Pandya Nadu. Madurai, the largest city in the
Pandya Nadu region and its ancient capital, lies on the Vaigai. The
river empties into the Palk Strait in Ramanathapuram District. fdf The
main tributaries of the river Vaigai are, the river Suruliyaru, the river
Mullaiyaaru, the river Varaganadi, the river Manajalaru and river
Kridhumaal. All these rivers, except kridhumaal join with the great
Vaigai river nearer to the places around the Vaigai Dam which is
situated in Theni district, whereas Kridhumaal joins Vaigai in Madurai.
Vaigai gets major feed from the Periyar Dam in Kumuli, Kerala. Water
from the Periyar River in Kerala is diverted into the Vaigai River in
Tamil Nadu via a tunnel through the Western Ghats
240 Narmada is a river in central India and the fifth largest river in the
Indian subcontinent. It forms the traditional boundary between North
India and South India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km
(815.2 mi) before draining through the Gulf of Cambey (Khambat) into
the Arabian Sea, 30 km (18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat.[1] It
is one of only three major rivers in peninsular India that runs from east
to west (largest west flowing river) along with the Tapti River and the
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
Mahi River. It is the only river in India that flows in a rift valley flowing
west between the Satpura and Vindhya ranges although the Tapti
River and Mahi River also flow through rift valleys but between
different ranges. The source of the Narmada is a small tank called
Narmada Kund located on the Amarkantak hill
241 Tapi//Tapti river in central India, in Gujarat passing from Surat
and Songadh . It is one of the major rivers of peninsular India with a
length of around 724 km. It is one of only three rivers in peninsular
India that run from east to west - the others being the Narmada River
and the Mahi River. The river rises in the eastern Satpura Range of
southern Madhya Pradesh state, and flows westward, draining Madhya
Pradesh's Nimar region, Maharashtra's Kandesh and east Vidarbha
regions in the northwest corner of the Deccan Plateau and south
Gujarat, before emptying into the Gulf of Cambay of the Arabian Sea,
in the Surat District of Gujarat. The river, along with the northern
parallel Narmada river, form the boundaries between North and South
India. The Western Ghats or Sahyadri range starts south of the Tapti
River near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra. The Tapti (Tapi)
River empties into the Gulf of Khambhat near the city of Surat in
Gujarat List of tributaries The principal tributaries of the Tapti River are
the Purna River, Girna River, Panzara River, Waghur River, Bori River
and Aner River. Other tributaries include: Shiva River in Nandurbar
district of Maharashtra State, Gomai River in Nandurbar, Vaki River in
Nandurbar, Arunavati River in Dhule district of Maharashtra state,Burai
River in Dhule, Panzara River in Jalgaon, Dhule districts of
Maharashtra state ,Kaan River in Dhule, Bori River in Jalgaon, Aner
River in Jalgaon, Dhule Girna River in Nashik, Malegaon, Jalgaon
districts of Maharashtra state. Joins Tapti River at Kapileshwar at
Dhule and Jalgaon Border.
242 Sabarmati is a river in western India and one of the biggest
rivers of north Gujarat. River Sabarmati is one of the major West
flowing river of Gujarat which originates from Dhebar lake in Aravalli
Range of the Udaipur District of Rajasthan and meets the Gulf of
Cambay of Arabian Sea Sabarmati river rises in the Aravali hills, which
roughly mark the western boundary of Udaipur District, i.e. Mount Abu
area, and flows in a south-westerly direction. The main tributaries of
the Sabarmati river are Wakal river and the Sei Nadi, which also rise in
the Aravali hill range west of Udaipur city and flow south-westwards in
courses generally parallel to the Sabarmati river, up to their confluence
with the river (in Gujarat). Major projects on Sabarmati River are: The
Sei Dam, The Harnav Dam, The Harnav Weir, The Dharoi Dam,
Hathmati Dam, Guhai Dam, Hathmati Weir, Watrak Project and
Kalpsaar Project
243 Mahi The Mahi is a river in western India. It rises in Madhya
Pradesh and, after flowing through the Vagad region of Rajasthan,
enters Gujarat and falls into the sea by a wide estuary near Khambhat.
Its total length is 500 km. and its estimated drainage area 40,000 km2.
It is one of only three major rivers in peninsular India that runs from
east to west along with the Tapti River and the Narmada River.
244 Luni The Luni is a river of western Rajasthan state, India. It
originates in the Pushkar valley of the Aravalli Range, near Ajmer and
ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch in Gujarat, after travelling a
distance of 530 km. It is first known as Sagarmati, then after passing
Govindgarh, it meets its tributary Sarsuti, which originates from
Pushkar Lake, and from then on it gets its name Luni
245 Ghagghar The Ghaggar is an intermittent river in India, flowing
during the monsoon rains. It originates in the Shivalik Hills of Himachal
Pradesh and flows through Punjab and Haryana to Rajasthan; just
southwest of Sirsa, Haryana and by the side of talwara jheel in
Rajasthan, this seasonal river feeds two irrigation canals that extend
into Rajasthan. The present-day Sarsuti (Saraswati River) originates in
a submontane region (Ambala district) and joins the Ghaggar near
Shatrana in Punjab. Near Sadulgarh (Hanumangarh) the Naiwal
channel, a dried out channel of the Sutlej, joins the Ghaggar. Near
Suratgarh the Ghaggar is then joined by the dried up Drishadvati
(Chautang) river.
246 Tel The Tel is a river in the Nabarangpur, Kalahandi, Balangir,
Sonpur District of Orissa, India. Tel is the second largest river of Orissa
and flows just eight kilometers away from the town of Titilagarh. This
river is a significant tributary of the Mahanadi river. The convergence of
the two rivers offers a remarkable view against a colorful landscape.
Baidyanath temple, which is famous for the Kosaleshwar Shiva temple,
is located on the left bank of the Tel River.
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
247 Indravati is a tributary of the Godavari River, located in central
India. The river rises in the Eastern Ghats in Orissa, and flows west to
join the Godavari, forming the boundary between Maharashtra and
Chhattisgarh states at places. The Chitrakoot Falls is located on
Indravati River, some 40 km from Jagdalpur(Chhattisgarh). The
Indravati is sometimes known as the "lifeline" of the Bastar District, one
of the most green districts in India. Indravati National Park and Tiger
Reserves are located in the adjoining region of Chattisgarh state.
248 Mayurkashi is a major river in West Bengal, India, with a long
history of devastating floods. It has its source on Trikut hill, about
16 km from Deoghar in Jharkhand state.[1] It flows through Jharkhand
and then through the districts of Birbhum and Murshidabad in West
Bengal before flowing into the Hooghly River. The river is about
250 km long.[2] The Mayurakshi is fed by tributaries Brahmani,
Dwaraka, Bakreshwar and Kopai .
249 Sharavati
HEPsMPRVPs
250 Sivasamudram The Shivanasamudra Falls is on the Kaveri
River after the river has wound its way through the rocks and ravines
of the Deccan Plateau and drops off to form waterfalls. The island town
of Shivanasamudra divides the river into twin waterfalls. This creates
the fourth largest island in the rivers course.
251 Rihand is a tributary of the Son River and flows through the
Indian states of Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh The Rihand rises from
Matiranga hills, in the region south west of the Mainpat plateau, which
is about 1,100 meters above mean sea level. The river flows north
roughly through the central part of Surguja district for 160 kilometres
(99 mi). The Rihand and it's tributaries form a fertile plain in the central
part of the district stretching from around Ambikapur to Lakhanpur and
Pratappur The Rihand Dam was constructed across the Rihand River
near Pipri in Sonbhadra district of Mirzapur division in 1962 for
hydropower generation; the reservoir impounded behind the dam is
called Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar
252 Koyna is one of the largest dams in Maharashtra, India. It is
located in Koyna Nagar, nestled in the Western Ghats on the state
highway between Chiplun and Karad, Maharashtra. The dam supplies
water to western Maharashtra as well as cheap hydroelectric power to
the neighbouring areas with a capacity of 1,920 MW. The Koyna
project is actually composed of four dams, with the Koyna Dam having
the largest catchment area The dam has contributed to earthquakes in
the recent past[citation needed], including the devastating 1967
Koynanagar earthquake that almost razed the dam, resulting in the
dam developing major cracks.
253 Sharavathy
254 Jog or Jersoppa falls is the site of a HEP on sharavaty river in
Karnataka.
255 Kundah
256 Idduki The Idukki Dam, located in Kerala, India, is currently the
largest arch dam in Asia, at 555 feet in height. The dam stands
between the two mountains - Kuravanmala (839 feet) and Kurathimala
(925 feet) The Idukki Dam is built on the Periyar River, in the ravine
between the Kuravan and Kurathi Hills in Kerala, India. At 167.68
meters, it is one of the highest arch dams in Asia.
257 Periyar
258 Sabarigiri
259 Balimela
260 Ukai The Ukai Dam is constructed over the Tapti River in
Gujarat, India.
261 Hirakund is built across the Mahanadi River, about 15 km from
Sambalpur in the state of Orissa in India. Built in 1956, the dam is the
world's largest earthen dam.[1] Behind the dam extends a lake,
Hirakud Reservoir, 55 km long. Hirakud Dam is one of the longest
dams in the world, about 16 mi (26 km) in length. It was the first major
multipurpose river valley project started after India's independence.
The dam with the channel provides an ideal environment for the
wildlife. The Debrigarh wildlife sanctuary is located here[7]. Several
species of migratory birds visit the reservoir during winter. Nearly 20-
25 species of birds are seen in the reservoir and common among them
are Common Pochard, Red-crested Pochard, Great Crested Grebe
and several others.[8]Nowadays due to mining and deforestation this
nature's beauty is about to be lost.
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
262 Salal Salal Hydroelectric Power Station Stage-I of 345 MW
(115X3) and Stage-II of 345 MW (115X3) are being constructed on
river Chenab in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. The project was
conceived in 1920. The feasibility studies on the project commenced in
1961 by the state government of J&K and construction was started in
1970 by Central Hydroelectric Project Control Board under Ministry of
Irrigation and Power. In 1978 construction of the projects was
entrusted to NHPC on agency basis. After completion of project, it was
handed over to NHPC on ownership basis for Operation and
Maintenance. Stage-I of the project was commissioned in 1987. First
unit of Stage-II of the project was commissioned in 1993, second in
1994 and third in 1995. At the peak of construction, about 12,000
personnel including contractors worked around the clock to complete
the project from 1970s to present day, under proper guidance and
maintenance of India's most successful company NHPC (NATIONAL
HYDROELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION).Among which the
famous names are Sh.Surindera Gandotra basically from jammu and
lots more personalities. The project was taken by HCC and various
contractors
263 Chukka dam in bhutan, 1st HEP by India outside its own territory
264 Pong also known as Pong Dam Reservoir or Pong Dam Lake
was created in 1975 building the highest earthfill dam in India on the
Beas River in the wetland zone of the Siwalik Hills of the Kangra
district of the state of Himachal Pradesh, in India. Named in the honour
of the patriot Maharana Pratap (1572 –1597 C.E.), the reservoir or the
lake is a well known wildlife sanctuary and one of the 25 wetland sites
declared in India by the Ramsar Convention The Beas River on which
the Pando dam is located is one of the five major rivers of the Indus
basin. The river rises from the Beas Kund near Rohtang Pass, in the
upper Himalayas, and traverses generally in a north-south direction till
Largi from where it turns sharply at nearly a right angle and flows in a
westerly direction up to the Pando dam. The river traverses a total
length of about116 km (72.1 mi) from the source to the Pando dam.[5]
265 Bhakhra is a concrete gravity dam across the Sutlej River, near
the border between Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in northern India.
The dam, located in the village of Bhakra in the Bilaspur region of
Himachal Pradesh, is Asia's second largest at 225.55 m (740 ft) high
next to the 261m Tehri Dam also in India. The length of the dam
(measured from the road above it) is 518.25 m; it is 9.1 m broad. Its
reservoir, known as the "Gobind Sagar", stores up to 9340 million cu m
of water, enough to drain the whole of Chandigarh, parts of Haryana,
Punjab and Delhi. The dam was part of the larger multipurpose Bhakra
Nangal Project whose aims were to prevent floods in the Sutlej-Beas
river valley, to provide irrigation to adjoining states and to provide
hydro-electricity. It also became a tourist spot for the tourists during
later years because of it huge size and uniqueness. The dam was
constructed with an aim to provide irrigation to the Punjab and
Himachal Pradesh. Another reason behind the construction of the dam
was to prevent damage due to monsoon floods. The dam provides
irrigation to 10 million acres (40,000 km²) of fields in Punjab, Himachal
Pradesh, Haryana, and Rajasthan. Bhakra Nangal dam houses
hydroelectric power generators, which are situated on both the sides of
the dam. Nangal hydel Channel and Anandpur Sahib Channel are
used for power generation and irrigation purposes.
266 Gandhi Sagar is the first of the four dams built on the Chambal
River. It is located in the Mandsaur district of Madhya Pradesh. It is a
64 metre high masonry gravity dam, with a live storage capacity of
6,920 Mm³ and a catchment area of 22,584 km². The dam was
completed in the year 1960. The hydro-power station comprises five
generating units of 23 MW capacity each. The water released after
power generation is utilised for irrigation through Kota Barrage
267 Mettur The Mettur Dam is a large dam in India built in 1934.[1] It
was constructed in a gorge, where the River Kaveri enters the plains.
The dam is one of the oldest in India[citation needed]. It provides
irrigation facilities to a part of Salem, the length of Erode, Namakkal,
Karur, Tiruchirappali and Thanjavur district for 271,000 acres
(1,100 km²) of farm land. The total length of the dam is 1700 meters.
The dam creates Stanley Reservoir. The Mettur Hydro Electrical power
project is also quite large. The dam, the park, the major Hydro Electric
power stations and hills on all sides make Mettur a tourist attraction.
Upstream from the dam is Hogenakal Falls
268 Srisailum
269 Sardar Sarovar The Narmada Dam Project is a large hydraulic
engineering project involving the construction of a series of large
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
irrigation and hydroelectric multi purpose dams on the Narmada River
in India. The project was first conceived of in the 1940s by the
country's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. The project only took
form in 1979 as part of a development scheme to increase irrigation
and produce hydroelectricity. Of the thirty large dams planned on river
Narmada, Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP) is the largest structure to be
built. It has a proposed final height of 136.5 m (448 ft). The project will
irrigate more than 18,000 km2 (6,900 sq mi), most of it in drought
prone areas of Kutch and Saurashtra. Critics maintain that its negative
environmental impacts outweigh its benefits. It has created discord
between its government planners and the citizens group Narmada
Bachao Andolan.
270 Narmada Sagar
271 Bansagar is a multipurpose Rriver Valley Project on Son River
situated in Ganga Basin in Madhya Pradesh, India envisaging both
irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. [1] The Bansagar Dam
across Sone River . Project benefits [edit] Irrigation, The water sharing
from Bansagar Dam is as under: Madhya Pradesh : 2,000,000 acre
feet (2.5×109 m3) Uttar Pradesh : 1,000,000 acre feet (1.2×109 m3)
Bihar : 1,000,000 acre feet (1.2×109 m3) Bansagar will provide
irrigation facility over an area of 2,490 km² in Madhya Pradesh,
1,500 km²; in Uttar Pradesh and 940 km² in Bihar. [edit] Power
generation. It also provides power generation of 425 MW in Madhya
Pradesh.
272 Tehri
273 Nathpa Jhakri The Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Power Project is
the largest hydroelectric project in India. It is owned by SJVN Ltd.
Power is generated by six 250MW units. The Nathpa Jhakri project,
which began in 1993, is for a 1,650MW installation on the upper
reaches of the river Satluj in the Kinnaur and Shimla districts of
Himachal Pradesh, in the foothills of the Himalayas. The project
includes a 60.5m-high dam and underground desilting complex and a
275MW Francis turbine. It supplies Himachal Pradesh and the
Northern Regional Grid States in India. A high-voltage transmission
system (400kV) transports power from the Nathpa Jhakri hydro station
to Haryana's grid system. In 2004 the dam was raised to a height of
62.5m to gain additional peak power reserve.
274 Chamera The Chamera Dam impounds the River Ravi and
supports the hydroelectricity project in the region. It is located near the
town of Dalhousie, in the Chamba district in the state of Himachal
Pradesh in India The reservoir of the dam is the Chamera Lake After
completion of the first phase, the Chamera dam generates 540 MW of
electricity. In the second phase, which is under construction, the dam
is expected to generate 300 MW of electricity.
275 Dulhasti Dulhasti is an 390 MW electricity power station in
Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir, India built by NHPC. There is
a dam named Dul on river Chenab
276 Uri Uri hydel is a 480 MW hydroelectric power station on the
Jhelum River near Uri in Baramula district of Jammu and Kashmir,
India. It is located very near to the Line of Control, the de-facto border
between India and Pakistan.[1] The station is largely built under a hill
with a 10 km tunnel. It is of the run-of-the-river type without a large
dam, since the Indus Waters Treaty gives Pakistan the exclusive right
to regulate the Jhelum River
277 Thein
278 Farakka Barrage s a dam on the Ganges River located in the
Indian state of West Bengal, roughly 10 kilometers (km) from the
border with Bangladesh. The dam was built to divert the Ganges River
water into the Hooghly River during the dry season, from January to
June, in order to flush out the accumulating silt which in the 1950s and
1960s was a problem at the major port of Kolkata on the Hooghly River
. This is the longest barrage in the world and has recently been
entered into the Guinness Book of World Records. The barrage was
constructed by the Hindustan Construction Company Limited. It has
123 gates and it serves water to the Farakka super thermal power
station(NTPC Farakka.
279 Indira Gandhi / Rajasthan Canal The Indira Gandhi Canal is
one of the biggest canal projects in India. It starts from the Harike
Barrage at Sultanpur, a few kilometers below the confluence of the
Sutlej and Beas rivers in Punjab state. It runs south-southwest in
Punjab and Haryana but mainly in Rajasthan for a total of 650
kilometers and ends near at Ramgarh,near Jaisalmer, in Rajasthan. It
uses water released from the Pong dam and provides irrigation
facilities to the north-western region of Rajasthan, a part of the Thar
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
Desert. It consists of the Rajasthan feeder canal (with the first 167 km
in Punjab and Haryana and the remaining 37 km in Rajasthan) and
445 km of the Rajasthan main canal which is entirely within Rajasthan.
The IGNP traverses seven districts of Rajasthan: Barmer, Bikaner,
Churu, Hanumangarh, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, and Sriganganagar. After
the construction of the Indira Gandhi Canal, irrigation facilities were
available over an area of 6770 km² in Jaisalmer district and 37 km² in
Barmer district.Irrigation had already been provided in an area of 3670
km² in Jaisalmer district. The canal has transformed the barren deserts
of this district into rich and lush fields. Crops of mustard, cotton, and
wheat now flourish in this semi-arid western region replacing the sand
there previously.
280 Buckingham Canal The Buckingham Canal is a 420 km long
fresh water navigation canal, running parallel to the Coromandel Coast
of South India from Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh to Villupuram
District in Tamil Nadu. The canal connects most of the natural
backwaters along the coast to the port of Chennai (Madras).
281 Jogindernagar
282 Govind Sagar Gobind Sagar is a man-made reservoir situated in
Bilaspur District, Himachal Pradesh.[1] The reservoir on the river
Sutlej, was formed after the hydel dam at Bhakra was constructed and
has been named in honour of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh guru.
One of the world's highest gravity dams, the Bhakra dam rises nearly
225.5 m above its lowest foundations. The reservoir lies in the
Bilaspur District and Una District. Bilaspur is about 83 km. away from
the railway station at Anandpur Sahib
283 Nagarjun Sagar is the world's largest masonry dam built across
Krishna River in Nagarjuna Sagar,Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh,
India. It is downstream to the Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir with a
capacity of up to 11,472 million cubic metres which is the world's
largest man-made lake with a concrete wall of that measures 6 ft. thick.
The dam is 490 ft. tall and 16 Km long with 26 gates which are 42 ft.
wide and 45 ft. tall.[1] It is one of the earliest irrigation and hydro-
electric projects in India. The dam provides irrigation water to the
Nalgonda District, Prakasam District, Khammam District and Guntur
District
284 Nizam Sagar At a distance of about 144 km north-west of
Hyderabad, a reservoir known by the name Nizamsagar was
constructed across the Manjira River, a tributary of the Godavari River,
between Achampet and Banjapalle villages of the Nizamabad district in
Andhra Pradesh, India.
285 Krishnaraja Sagar is the name of both a lake and the dam that
causes it. For information about the settlement near the dam and
reservoir, see Krishnarajasagara. The dam is across Kaveri River, in
Mandya District near Mysore in Karnataka state, India. There is an
ornamental garden attached to the dam, called Brindavan Gardens.
The dam was built across river Kaveri, the life river for Mysore and
Mandya districts, in 1924
286 Rana Pratap Sagar Rana Pratap Sagar dam is a dam located 52
km downstream of Gandhi Sagar dam on across the Chambal River
near Rawatbhata in Chittorgarh district in Rajasthan. It was completed
in the year 1970 and it is the second in the series of Chambal Valley
Projects, It is 54 meters high. Rajasthan State has a 50% share in the
power generation of this station.
287 Jawahar Sagar Jawahar Sagar Dam is a dam across the
Chambal River. It is situated 24 kilometres south-west of Kota,
Rajasthan, India.
288 Hanuman Nagar Barrage
289 Chickmaglur
290 Mahi Bajaj(Guj.)
Major and Mnor Ports
291 Kandla is a seaport in Kutch District of Gujarat state in western
India. Located on the Gulf of Kutch, it is one of major ports on west
coast. Kandla was constructed in the 1950s as the chief seaport
serving western India, after the partition of India from Pakistan left the
port of Karachi in Pakistan.
292 Bombay(Mumbai) or Front Bay is the southern portion of the
Ulhas River estuary, the northern (and narrower) part of which is called
Thane Creek. The historical island of Elephanta is one of the six
islands that lie in the harbour. It is home to the Mumbai Port Trust,
which lies in the south section of the western edge of the harbor. Front
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
Bay is the official name of the harbour, so named because Bombay
started as a tiny settlement facing the harbour. The waterbody behind
the original settlement, forming an arc between the [former] islands of
Colaba and Bombay island, up to the Malabar Hill promontory or
peninsula, was similarly called Back Bay.
293 Nava Shera / Nehru port is the largest port in India, handling
close to 50% of the country's port traffic. The main goods exported are
cotton shirts, knitted t-shirts, sporting goods, carpets, other textile
articles like embroidery machines and etc., boneless meat, and
medicaments. Jawaharlal Nehru Port is a port in Maharashtra, India
that borders the Arabian Sea. The sea port is named after the first
Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru. The port is run by the
Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, an organisation entrusted with the
operations of the large shipping port in Navi Mumbai, India and
controlled by the Central Government of India. The port lies on the
mainland, opposite the city of Mumbai across the Thane Creek. The
port was created to augment the shipping capacity in Mumbai and
provide an alternative to merchants wanting to save octroi charges
imposed by the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation. JNPT also has
daily ferry service to Gateway of India. The Central Industrial Security
Force is the designated security agency for the port.
294 Marmagoa Mormugao or Marmagao (formerly Mormugão in
Portuguese) is a city and a municipal council in South Goa district in
the Indian state of Goa. It is Goa’s main port.
295 Mangalore
296 Cochin is one of the principal seaports of the country and is
located in the district of Ernakulam, about 220 kilometres (137 mi)
north of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram. It has an estimated
population of 600,000, with an extended metropolitan population of
about 1.5 million, making it the largest urban agglomeration and the
second largest city in Kerala after the state capital. Kochi is also the
largest city in South India
297 Tuticorin It is a commercial seaport which serves the inland
cities of Southern India.Tuticorin in the gateway of Tamil Nadu
298 Chennai formerly known as Madras Port, is the second largest
port of India, behind the Mumbai Port. It is over 125 years old. This
was a major travel port before becoming a major container port. It is a
substantial reason for the economic growth of Tamil Nadu, especially
for the manufacturing boom in South India
299 Vizag is a major port and the second largest city in the state of
Andra Pradesh on the east coast of India with a population of
approximately 1.3 million. The city is nestled among the hills of the
Eastern Ghats and faces the Bay of Bengal to the east. It is the
administrative headquarters of Visakhapatnam district and is also
home to the Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy.
Visakhapatnam is often referred to as The Jewel of The East Coast or
The City of Destiny.
300 Paradeep Paradip is a town, a seaport and a notified area
committee in Jagatsinghpur district in the Indian state of Orissa.
Paradip is emerging as a major investment in India with several
upcoming steel plants including a gigantic $12 billion plant by POSCO,
alumina refineries, thermal power plants, and a petrochemical
complex. Paradip will become one of the six major petroleum,
chemicals and petrochemical investment regions (PCPIRs) planned in
India, along the lines of Pudong in China, Rotterdam in Europe and
Houston in North America, accelerating the transformation of the state
of Orissa into one of the major manufacturing and commercial regions
of the world within 10 years
301 Haldia Haldia is being developed as a major trade port for
Calcutta(Kolkata), intended mainly for bulk cargoes. The industrial city
has several major factories, including South Asian Petrochemicals Ltd,
Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), Exide, Shaw Wallace, Tata
Chemicals, Haldia Petrochemicals and Hindustan Lever, in addition to
various light industries. The port has attracted Major International
Petrochemicals Companies, like Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
(MCC). Mitsubishi Chemicals has the Second Largest Terephthalic
Acid Producing Plant in Haldia.[1]. A large number of companies are
also being set up now, Dredging Corporation of India Limited (DCI),
primarily being ancillary industries to the Haldia Petrochemicals. The
Haldia Petrochemicals is the second largest project of such kind in
India. The Haldia Township is bordered by the Haldi River an offshoot
of the Ganges River. Haldia is also a base of Indian Coast Guard.
There is a hoverport to house two of the six hovercrafts belonging to
the Indian Coast Guard.
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
302 Kolkata The Port of Kolkata is a riverine port in the city of
Kolkata, India. It is the oldest operating port in India, having originally
been constructed by the British East India Company. The Port has two
distinct dock systems - Kolkata Docks at Kolkata and a deep water
dock at Haldia Dock Complex, Haldia.
303 Thalaserry
304 Karwar Karwar port is located in Baithkol area of Karwar town on
the edge of Karwar bay. The bay's mountain range opposite the port
towards the Arabian Sea protects the ships berthed at the port from the
sea waves, which makes Karwar among the best natural harbours in
the world. Karwar port is one of the main ports of Karnataka, serving
the hinterland of northern Karnataka, Goa and southern Maharastra,
with a total length of 355 meters Karwar Port is also the headquarters
for the Department of Ports & Inland Waterways, Government of
Karnataka headed by a Principal Director who is in charge for all
maritime and inland waterway activities of Karnataka state (excluding
New Mangalore Port - being a major port, it is under Central
Government control).
305 Okhla is a dry port in Delhi
306 Dwarka is located in the Jamnagar District of Gujarat. It is
located close to where the gomti merges into the Gulf of Kutch. The
city lies in the westernmost part of India.
307 Porbandar city in the Indian state of Gujarat, perhaps best
known for being the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi
308 Surat is the commercial capital city of the Indian state of Gujarat
and also the second-largest commercial hub of western India after
Mumbai.[1] The city proper is the one of the most populous cities in the
world. Surat is the administrative capital of Surat district and Surat
Metropolitan Region. Surat is India's eighth largest metropolitan city.
Surat is India's cleanest Mertropolitan Region[2]. The city is situated on
the left bank of the Tapti River, 14 miles from its mouth. The city is
largely recognized for its textile and diamond businesses.
309 Karwar It is a seaside town situated on the banks of the Kali river
which is on the west coast of the Indian peninsula. The town lies about
15 kilometres south of the Karnataka-Goa border and 519 km north-
west of Bangalore. 'Karwar' also refers to the encompassing Taluk
which includes the surrounding villages. A major industry in Karwar is
fisheries. Karwar port is located in Baithkol area of Karwar town on the
edge of Karwar bay. The bay's mountain range opposite the port
towards the Arabian Sea protects the ships berthed at the port from the
sea waves, which makes Karwar among the best natural harbours in
the world. Karwar port is one of the main ports of Karnataka, serving
the hinterland of northern Karnataka, Goa and southern Maharastra,
with a total length of 355 meters. At present Iron ore Fines (IOF) is the
prime cargo handled by the port.
310 Kozhikod
311 Alleppey Allapuzha: It is one of the major port cities of the
country. Located in Kerala, this city is a landmark between the Arabian
Sea and a network of rivers, lagoons flowing into it. As a result of its
immediacy to the sea, Allapuzha has grown into an important
backwater tourist centre. This city is washed by the silvery waves of
Arabian Sea. History says Allapuzha had trade relations with ancient
Greece and Rome in the middle ages.
312 Quilon Quilon is an important historic port city located on the
right bank of the Asthamudi lake and boat cruises are operated by the
Kollam Boat Club from Quilon to Alappuzha providing transport access
to many other towns and villages along this route, apart from the luxury
“house boats” which also operate in the lake.
313 Kanya Kumari
314 Point Calimere
315 Karaikal
316 Mahabalipuram
317 Kakinada
318 Puri
319 Okha
320 Calicut
321 Kochi It is regarded as the Queen of Arabian Sea and is located
in Kerala. The city is one of the principal seaports of the country. The
Cochin Shipyard in Kochi is the largest shipyard in India. Cochin
fishing harbour is the major fishing port in the state and supplies fish to
local as well national markets. It is also one of the fastest growing
second tier metro cities of the country. Kochi is one of the most
important destinations for IT and multinational companies. This city has
been listed as the second-most attractive city in India for IT-based
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
services by NASSCOM. The other business sectors of the city include
gold and textile retailing, seafood and spices exports, information
technology, tourism, shipbuilding, banking and fishing industry.
322 Quilon
323 Negapattanam
324 Masulipattnam Machilipatnam: Machilipatnam is a port city
located in Andhra Pradesh. The port is located on the Coromandel
Coast of India. It is said that flourishing sea trade was carried out at the
Machilipatnam port. It was a 17th century port for French, Dutch and
British trade.
325 Sikka
326 Venguralu
327 Mahe surrounded on all sides by Kerala and is officially a part of
Puducherry. The official name of Mahe is Mayyazhi ( ) in the
local Malayalam language. Formerly a French colony, Mahé now forms
a municipality in Mahe district of the Union Territory of Puducherry.
Mahé had a population of 36,823, predominantly Malayalis. Males
constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. Mahé has an
average literacy rate of 85%, higher than the national average of
59.5%, with male literacy at 86% and female literacy at 85%. In Mahé,
11% of the population consists of children under 6 years of age. The
culture and geography of this area is almost of those in Kerala. The
major festival of this region is Vishu. The Mahé Church is a famous
pilgrimage centre for Christians. The major languages are Malayalam,
Tamil and French.
328 Yanam is a town in the Indian union territory of Puducherry
(Pondicherry); it is located in Yanam district . It forms a 30 km² enclave
in the district of East Godavari in Andhra Pradesh. It has a population
of 32,000, most of whom speak Telugu and to a very small extent,
Tamil. Yanam is a unique blend of French and Telugu culture
prevailing in Andhra Pradesh. The district lies in the delta of Godavari
River, the town is situated where the river meets its tributary Koringa
River (Coringa River), 9 kilometres from the Bay of Bengal in the
Coromandel coast.
329 Karaikal is a city and a municipality in Karaikal district in the
Union Territory of Puducherry, India . Karaikal is a small coastal
enclave of territory which was formerly part of French India. Together
with the other former French enclaves of Puducherry (formerly known
as Pondicherry), Yanam, and Mahé, Karaikal forms the Union Territory
of Puducherry. Karaikal is bounded on the North and South by
Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu state, on the west by Tiruvarur
district (also belonging to Tamil Nadu), and on the East by the Bay of
Bengal. The main branches of Kaveri below Grand Anicut are the
Kodamurutti, Arasalar, Virasolanar and the Vikramanar. Although
Arasalar and its branches spread through Karaikal, the waters of
Kodamurutti and Virasolanar also meet the irrigation needs of the
region. Forming part of the fertile Cauveri delta the region is completely
covered by the distributaries of Cauveri. Covered completely by a thick
mantle of alluvium of variable thickness, the lie of the region is flat
having a gentle slope towards the Bay of Bengal in the east. It is
limited on the north by the Nandalar and on the south-east by the
Vettar.
330 Puducherry a Union Territory of India. It is a former French
colony, consisting of four non-contiguous enclaves, or regions, and
named after the largest region, Puducherry consists of four
noncontiguous regions: Puducherry, Karaikal, and Yanam on the Bay
of Bengal and Mahé on the Arabian Sea. Puducherry and Karaikal are
by far the larger ones, and are both enclaves of Tamil Nadu. Yanam
and Mahé are enclaves of Andhra Pradesh and Kerala, respectively.
one of the most popular tourist destinations
331 Dispur is the capital of Assam, a state in northeast India. This
place that existed as a locality on the outskirts of Guwahati, took its
place as the capital of Assam in 1973. This was after Shillong, the
erstwhile capital became the capital of the state of Meghalaya that was
carved out of Assam.
332 Panaji is the capital of the Indian state of Goa. It lies on the
banks of the Mandovi estuary, in the district of North Goa. With a
population of 65,000 (a metropolitan population of 100,000 if suburbs
are included), Panaji is Goa's third largest city after Vasco da Gama
and Margao. Panaji features a tropical monsoon climate.
333 Gandhinagar capital of the state of Gujarat in western India.
Gandhinagar is located on the west central point of the Industrial
corridor between Delhi, the capital of India and Mumbai, the Financial
& Economical capital of India. Gandhinagar has an average elevation
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 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
of 81 metres (265 feet). The city sits on the banks of the Sabarmati
River, in north-central-East Gujarat. Gandhinagar has a monsoon
climate with three main seasons: summer, monsoon and winter.
334 Imphal is the capital of the Indian state of Manipur. In the heart
of the town and surrounded by a moat, are ruins of the old Palace of
Kangla. an average elevation of 786 metres (2578 feet). It is located in
the extreme east of India. The Imphal Valley is drained by several
small rivers originating from the hills surrounding it. These include the
Imphal, Iril, Sekmai, Thoubal, and Khuga rivers. One of the important
place is Wangkhei, where one can see the Temple of Govinda Jee with
nature's beauty and also Wangkhei locality is famous for Handloom
Products and Hand Made Products. Imphal has a sub-tropical climate
with cool, dry winters, a warm summer and a moderate monsoon
season.
335 Shilong is the capital of Meghalaya, one of the smallest states in
India. It is also the headquarters of the East Khasi Hills district and is
situated at an average altitude of 4,908 ft (1,496 m) above sea level. It
is on the Shillong Plateau, the only major pop-up structure in the
northern Indian shield.[1] The city lies in the centre of the plateau and
is surrounded by hills, three of which are revered in Khasi tradition:
Lum Sohpetbneng, Lum Diengiei and Lum Shillong. Shillong has a
sub-tropical climate with mild summers and chilly to cold winters.
336 Aizwal is the largest city as well as the capital of the state of
Mizoram in India 26% of the population of Mizoram resides in the city
located north of the Tropic of Cancer in the northern part of Mizoram. It
is situated on a ridge 1132 metres (3715 ft) above sea level, with the
Tlawng river valley to its west and the Tuirial river valley to its east.
337 Kohima is the hilly capital of India's north eastern border state of
Nagaland which shares its borders with Burma. It lies in Kohima
District. Kohima had a population of 78,584. Males constitute 53% of
the population and females 47%. Kohima has an average literacy rate
of 75%. Kohima has a pleasant and moderate climate.
338 Gangtok capital and largest town of the Indian state of Sikkim.
Gangtok is located in the Shivalik Hills of the eastern Himalayan range,
at an altitude of 1,437 metres (4,715 ft). The town, with a population of
thirty thousand belonging to different ethnicities such as Nepalis,
Lepchas and Bhutia. Gangtok features a monsoon-influenced
subtropical highland climate. Because of its elevation and sheltered
environment, Gangtok enjoys a mild, temperate climate all year round.
Like most Himalayan towns, Gangtok has five seasons: summer,
monsoons, autumn, winter and spring.
339 Agartala is the capital of the Indian state of Tripura. It lies on the
Haora River and is located 2 km from Bangladesh. It has several
temples and palaces. Agartala is situated in a plain along the Haora
River, though the city also extends to the low lying hills on its northern
parts. Agartala has a monsoon influenced humid subtropical climate
with high levels of precipitation almost all year.
340 Itanagar is the capital of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.
Itanagar is situated at the foothills of Himalayas It has an average
elevation of 440 metres Itanagar had a population of 34,970. higher
than the national average of 59.5%.
341 Goa is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by
population. Located in South West India in the region known as the
Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by
Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its
western coast. Goa is India's richest state with a GDP per capita two
and a half times that of the country as a whole. Goa's main rivers are
the Mandovi, the Zuari, the Terekhol, Chapora River and the Sal. The
Mormugao harbour on the mouth of the River Zuari is one of the best
natural harbours in South Asia. The Zuari and the Mandovi are the
lifelines of Goa, with their tributaries draining 69% of its geographic
area. Goa, being in the tropical zone and near the Arabian Sea, has a
hot nd humid climate for most of the year.
342 NCR The National Capital Region (NCR) in India is a name for
the conurbation or metropolitan area which encompasses the entire
National Capital Territory of Delhi as well as urban areas ringing it in
neighbouring states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. With a
total area of about 33,578 km2 (12,965 sq mi), it is the world's largest
urban agglomeration.
343 Silvassa is the capital of the Indian Union Territory of Dadra and
Nagar Haveli. The city has a large number of factories and industries
providing significant government revenue, which allows the city to
maintain a low level of taxation. has an average elevation of 32 metres.
had a population of 21,890.
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
344 Kodaikanal is a city[2] in the hills of the taluk division of the
Dindigul district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Its name in the Tamil
language means "The Gift of the Forest".[3] Kodaikanal is referred as
the "Princess of Hill stations" and has a long history as a retreat and
popular tourist destination. It's a lot cooler in temperature than lower
elevation cities such as Chennai. The town of Kodaikanal sits on a
plateau above the southern escarpment of the upper Palni Hills at
2,133 metres (6,998 ft), between the Parappar and Gundar Valleys.
345 Ooty / Udagamandalam is a town, a municipality and the
district capital of the Nilgiris district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
Ootacamund is a popular hill station located in the Nilgiri Hills.
Udhagamandalam is the official Tamil name for the town. Ooty stands
at an approximate height of 7,500 feet (2, 286 m) above sea level.
Udhagamandalam had a population of 93,921. Males constitute 50% of
the population and females 50% Ooty is the district headquarters of the
Nilgiris district. Ootacamund assembly constituency is part of Nilgiris
Ooty is situated in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Some of the most
prominent tourist spots around Ooty are as follows: Doddabetta Peak: ,
Tea plantations, Kamraj Sagar Lake: , Mudumalai National Park: ,
Mukurthi National Park:, Needle hill viewpoint , Parsons Valley
Reservoir:., Emerald Lake: , Avalanche Lake: , Porthimund Lake: ,
Upper Bhavani Lake,
346 Mahabaleshwar is a city and a municipal council in Satara
district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is a hill station located in
the Western Ghats range. With one of the few evergreen forests of the
world, it served as the summer capital of Bombay province during the
British Raj. Mahabaleshwar is a popular holiday resort and honeymoon
spot, and an important pilgrimage site for Hindus Mahabaleshwar had
a population of 12,736
347 Lonavale is a city and a hill station Municipal Council in Pune
district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is about 64 km away from
the city of Pune, 96 km away from the city Mumbai and 340 km from
Surat. It is famous throughout India for the hard candy sweet known as
chikki and is also a major stop on the rail line connecting Mumbai and
Pune. Lonavla and the adjacent Khandala are twin hill stations, 622 m.
above sea level, in the Sahyadri ranges that demarcate the Deccan
Plateau and the Konkan coast. The hill stations sprawl over an
approximate area of 38 km² and are popular holiday destinations
during the monsoons.
348 Panchmarhi is a hill station in Madhya Pradesh state of central
India, also known for the Pachmarhi Cantonment. It is widely known as
"Satpura ki Rani" (Queen of Satpura), situated at a height of 1000 m in
a valley of the Satpura Range in Hoshangabad district. The highest
point in the central India region and the Vindhya and Satpura range;
Dhupgarh at 1100 m is located here. Some of the places of tourist
interest here are:Dhupgarh (The highest peak of the Satpuras and
Madhya Pradesh), Apsara Falls (Fairy Pool), Mount Rosa
349 Mount Abu is the highest peak in the Aravalli Range of
Rajasthan state in western India. It is located in Sirohi district. Mount
Abu is 58 km from Palanpur (Gujarat). The mountain forms a distinct
rocky plateau 22 km long by 9 km wide. The highest peak on the
mountain is Guru Shikhar, at 1722 meters above sea level. It is
referred to as 'an oasis in the desert', as its heights are home to rivers,
lakes, waterfalls and evergreen forests. Ancient Name of Mount Abu is
"Arbudaanchal". Mount Abu had a population of 22,152.
350 Naini Tal is a town in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and
headquarters of Nainital district in the Kumaon foothills of the outer
Himalayas. Situated at an altitude of 1,938 metres (6,358 feet) above
sea level, has an average elevation of 2,084 metres (6,837 feet).
Nainital had a population of 38,559.
351 Mussoorie is a city and a municipal board, about 34 km from
Dehradun and in Dehradun district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.
This hill station, situated in the foothills of the Himalaya ranges, is also
known as the Queen of the Hills . Being at an average altitude of
1,880 metres (6,170 ft)[citation needed], Mussoorie, with its green hills
and varied flora and fauna, is a fascinating hill resort. Commanding
snow ranges to the north-east, and glittering views of the Doon Valley
and Shiwalik ranges in the south. The highest point is Lal Tibba, at a
height of about 7500 ft. Mussoorie had a population of 26,069. Males
constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Mussoorie has an
average literacy rate of 86%.
352 Shimla originally called Simla, is the capital city of Himachal
Pradesh. In 1864, Shimla was declared the summer capital of the
British Raj in India. A popular tourist destination, Shimla is often
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 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
referred to as the "Queen of Hills" (a term coined by the British).
Located in the north-west Himalayas at an average altitude of
2,205 metres (7,234 ft), the city of Shimla, draped in forests of pine,
rhododendron, and oak, experiences pleasant summers and cold,
snowy winters. Shimla is located in the north-western ranges of the
Himalayas. At an average altitude of 2397.59 meters (7866.10 ft)
above mean sea level, the city is spread on a ridge and its seven
spurs. The city stretches nearly 9.2 km from east to west. The highest
point in Shimla, at 2454 meters (8051 ft), is the Jakhoo hill. Shimla
features a subtropical highland climate under the Koppen climate
classification. The climate in Shimla is predominantly chilly during
winters, and moderately warm during summers. Employment is largely
driven by the government and tourism.
353 Matheran is a city and a Hill Station municipal council in Raigad
district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is a hill station in Karjat
Tahsil and is also the smallest hill station in India. It is located on the
Western Ghats range at an elevation of around 800 m (2,625 feet)
above sea level. It is located around 90 km from Mumbai, and 120 km
from Pune. has an average elevation of 800 metres (2224 feet).
354 Manali in the Beas River valley, is an important hill station in the
mountains of Himachal Pradesh, India, near the northern end of the
Kullu Valley. Manali is administratively a part of the Kullu district, with
population of approx. 30,000. The small town was the beginning of an
ancient trade route to Ladakh and, from there, over the Karakoram
Pass on to Yarkand and Khotan in the Tarim Basin. climate in Manali is
predominantly cold during winters, and moderately cool during
summers. The temperatures range from 4 °C (39 °F) t o 30 °C (86 °F)
over the year.
355 Dalhousie
356 Pahalgam is a town and a notified area committee in Anantnag
district in India's northernmost state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a
popular tourist destination, and every year, many tourists visit
Pahalgam. It has an average elevation of 2740 metres (8989 feet).
Pahalgam had a population of 5922. Kolohoi Glacier, situated up the
Lidder Valley, just below Mount Kolohoi, is currently a hanging glacier.
357 Gulmarg is a town, a hill station and a notified area committee in
Baramula district in the Indian controlled area of Jammu and Kashmir.
Gulmarg is located 52 km from Srinagar. It is located at It has an
average elevation of 2,690 m (8,825 ft). Gulmarg boasts Asia's highest
cable car project, the Gulmarg Gondola. Skiing is normally offered from
mid-December to mid-May.
358 Darjeeling a town in the Indian state of West Bengal, is
internationally famous for its tea industry and the Darjeeling Himalayan
Railway, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is the headquarters of
Darjeeling district, located in the Mahabharat Range or Lesser
Himalaya at an average elevation of 6,710 ft (2,050 m). Darjeeling tea
is internationally recognised and ranks among the most popular of the
black teas. The hills of Darjeeling are part of the Mahabharat Range or
Lesser Himalaya. Darjeeling is a part of the Eastern Himalayan zoo-
geographic zone.[27] Flora around Darjeeling comprises sal, oak,
semi-evergreen, temperate and alpine forests.[28] Dense evergreen
forests of sal and oak lie around the town, where a wide variety of rare
orchids are found. Darjeeling's temperate climate has five distinct
seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter, and the monsoons.
359 Kalimpong is a hill station in the Mahabharat Range (or Lesser
Himalaya) in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located at an
average elevation of 1,250 metres (4,101 ft).[2] The town is the
headquarters of the Kalimpong subdivision, a part of the district of
Darjeeling. Kalimpong, located on a ridge overlooking River Teesta, is
a tourist destination owing to its temperate climate and proximity to
popular tourist locations in the region. Horticulture is also important to
Kalimpong: it has a flower market notable for its wide array of orchids;
nurseries, which export Himalayan grown flower bulbs, tubers and
rhizomes, contribute to the economy of Kalimpong. Kalimpong has five
distinct seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter and the monsoons.
360 Dharamsala is a city in northern India. It is the winter seat of
government of the state of Himachal Pradesh and the district
headquarters of the Kangra district. Dharamshala has an average
elevation of 1457 metres (4780 feet). The area covered by
Dharamshala is almost 29 km². Dharamshala is located in the Kangra
Valley, in the Dhauladhar mountains, and became the capital of the
Kangra District in 1852.
361 Srinagar is the capital of the northernmost state of Jammu and
Kashmir that is situated in India. It is situated in Kashmir Valley and
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
lies on the banks of the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus. It is the
largest city in India without a Hindu majority.[4] The city is famous for
its lakes and houseboats. It is also known for traditional Kashmiri
handicrafts and dry fruits. It is also the headquarters of Srinagar
district. The climate of Srinagar may be described as a humid
subtropical climate . Tourism is the most significant segment of the
city's economy. The city of Srinagar is a gateway to some of the most
scenic and beautiful places of the Indian subcontinent. Srinagar is well
known for its lakes. Dal Lake is known for its houseboats. Nagin Lake
is another famous lake in the city. Just outside the city are found the
Shalimar Gardens created by Jehangir, the Mughal emperor, in 1619.
It has been called the "Venice of the East" or the "Kasmiri Venice".
362 Golconda Golkonda, a ruined city of south-central India and
capital of ancient Kingdom of Golkonda (c. 1364–1512), is situated
west of Hyderabad. Golkonda was once renowned for the diamonds
found on the southeast in Paritala, modern day Krishna district and cut
in the city during the Kakatiya reign. India Diamond#History, at that
time, had the only known diamond mines in the world. The Mines of
Golkonda themselves yielded diamonds of trifling quantity. Europeans
knew that diamonds were found only in these fabled mines. Golkonda
was, in fact, the market city of the diamond trade, and gems sold there
came from a number of mines. The fortress city within the walls was
famous for diamond trade.
363 Amarnath are one of the most famous shrines in Hinduism,
dedicated to the god Shiva, located in the Indian state of Jammu and
Kashmir. The shrine is claimed to be over 5,000 years old and forms
an important part of Hindu mythology.
364 Somnath located in the Prabhas Kshetra near Veraval in
Saurashtra, on the western coast of Gujarat, India, is the most sacred
of the twelve Jyotirlinga shrines of the God Shiva. Somnath means
"The Protector of (the) Moon God". The Somnath Temple is known as
"the Shrine Eternal", having been destroyed six times and rebuilt six
times.[1][2] Most recently it was rebuilt in November 1947, when
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel visited the area for the integration of
Junagadh and mooted a plan for restoration. After Patel's death, the
rebuilding continued under K. M. Munshi, another minister of the
Government of India.
365 Dwarka The modern city of Dwarka is located in the Jamnagar
District of Gujarat. It is located close to where the gomti merges into
the Gulf of Kutch. The city lies in the westernmost part of India. It is a
relatively flat region at sea-level, having an average elevation of
0 metres (0 feet).
366 Ajmer is a city in Ajmer District in India's Rajasthan state.
Surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains, Ajmer, also known as
Ajaymeru, was the city once ruled by Prithviraj Chauhan. Its population
was approximately 500,000 in 2001. The city is situated in on the
lower slopes of Tārāgaṛh Hill, in the Aravalli Range. It is situated
almost in the heart of the state of Rajasthan. To the north of the city is
a large artificial lake, called Anasagar, adorned with a marble structure
called Baradari. Ajmer is an ancient crowded city with modern
developments in the outskirts.
367 Amritsar is a city in the northwestern part of India and is the
administrative headquarters of Amritsar district in the state of Punjab,
India. The 2001 Indian census reported the population of the city to be
over 1,500,000. Amritsar is home to the Harmandir Sahib, also known
as the Golden Temple, the spiritual and cultural center of the Sikh
religion. with an average elevation of 234 metres (768 ft). Amritsar has
a warm continental climate, typical of Northwestern India and
experiences four seasons primarily.
368 Vaishnodevi is one of the holiest Hindu temples dedicated to
Shakti, located in the hills of Vaishno Devi, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
In Hinduism, Vaishno Devi, also known as Mata Rani and Vaishnavi, is
a manifestation of the Mother Goddess. The temple is near the town of
Katra, in the Reasi district in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is one
of the most revered places of worship in Northern India. The shrine is
at an altitude of 5200 feet and a distance of approximately 13.5
kilometres (8.38851 miles) from Katra.
369 Kedarnath
370 Badrinath Badrinath is a Hindu holy town and a nagar panchayat
in Chamoli district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is the most
important of the four sites in India's Char Dham pilgrimage.
Geography. It has an average elevation of 3,415 metres (11,204 feet).
It is in the Garhwal hills, on the banks of the Alaknanda River. The
town lies between the Nar and Narayana mountain ranges and in the
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
shadow of Nilkantha peak (6,560m). Badrinath is located 301 km north
of Rishikesh. From Gaurikund (near Kedarnath) to Badrinath by road is
233 km.
371 Rishikesh Rishikesh is a city and a municipal board in
Dehradun district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is located in the
foothills of the Himalaya in northern India and attracts thousands of
pilgrims and tourists each year, from within India, as well as from other
countries. It is also known as the gateway to the Himalayas and is
located around 25 kilometres away from another holy city, Haridwar. It
has an average elevation of 372 metres (1,745 feet). The Tehri dam is
just 80 km uphill on the way to Gangotri. Rishikesh is the starting point
for traveling to the sites that form the Char Dham pilgrimage —
Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri.
372 Haridwar Haridwar is an important pilgrimage city and
municipality in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, India. The River
Ganga, after flowing for 253 kilometres (157 mi) from its source at
Gaumukh at the edge of the Gangotri Glacier, enters the Indo-
Gangetic Plains of North India Haridwar is regarded as one of the
seven holiest places to Hindus. The water in the river Ganges is mostly
clear and generally cold, except in the rainy season, during which soil
from the upper regions flows down into it.
373 Ayodhya is an ancient city of India, the old capital of Awadh, in
the Faizabad district of Uttar Pradesh. Ayodhya is described as the
birth place of Hindu god Rama, and the capital of the ancient Kosala
Kingdom. This Hindu holy city is described as early as in the Hindu
Epics. Ayodhya has an average elevation of 93 metres (305 feet).
374 Mathura is a city in the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is
located approximately 60 km north of Agra, and 150 km south of
Delhi; about 12 kilometers from the town of Vrindavan and 20
kilometers from Govardhan[1] It is the administrative centre of Mathura
District of Uttar Pradesh. During the ancient period, Mathura was an
economic hub, located at the junction of important caravan routes.
Mathura is the birthplace of Lord Krishna at the centre of Braj or Brij-
bhoomi, called Krishna janma-bhoomi, literary 'Krishna's birth place'.[2]
The Keshav Dev temple was built in ancient times on the site of
Krishna's legendary birthplace (an underground prison). As per the
epics Mahabharata and Bhagavata Purana, Mathura was the capital of
the Surasena Kingdom, ruled by Kansa the maternal uncle of Krishna.
375 Sarnath is the deer park where Gautama Buddha first taught the
Dharma, and where the Buddhist Sangha came into existence through
the enlightenment of Kondanna. Sarnath is located 13 kilometres
north-east of Varanasi, in Uttar Pradesh, India. Singhpur, a village one
km away from the site, was the birth place of Shreyansanath, the
eleventh Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini), and a temple
dedicated to him, is an important Jain pilgrimage. Isipatana is
mentioned by the Buddha as one of the four places of pilgrimage which
his devout followers should visit, if they wanted to visit a place for that
reason.[1]
376 Varanasi is a city situated on the banks of the River Ganges in
the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, also regarded as holy by Buddhists,
and Jains is the Holiest Place of Hindus (and center of earth in Hindu
Cosmology) where at least once in life a Hindu is expected to do
pilgrimage and if possible pour the remains (ashes) of cremated
ancestors here into the River Ganga. It is one of the oldest
continuously inhabited cities in the world and probably the oldest of
India.[3][4] The city of Varanasi is located in the middle Ganga valley of
North India, in the Eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi
experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification
Varanasi has several small cottage industries, including Banarasi Silk
sari making, the production of textiles such as hand-woven carpets,
and handicrafts. Banarasi paan (betel leaf) and khoa (a milk product)
are popular, and the related small-scale industries employ many
people. Varanasi is a centre of Child labour.[23] Banarasi Silk is known
all over the world for its finery and softness
377 Bodh Gaya is a religious place in Gaya district in the Indian state
of Bihar. It is famous for being the place of Gautama Buddha's
attainment of Enlightenment. Historically, it was known as the
Bodhimanda (ground around the Bodhi-tree), Uruvela, Sambodhi,
Vajrasana and Mahabodhi.[1] The name Bodh Gaya did not come into
use until the 18th century. The main monastery of Bodhgaya used to
be called the Bodhimanda-vihāra (Pali). Now it is called the Mahabodhi
Temple. For Buddhists, Bodh Gaya is the most important of the main
four pilgrimage sites related to the life of Gautama Buddha, the other
three being Kushinagar, Lumbini, and Sarnath. In 2002, Mahabodhi
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
Temple, located in Bodh Gaya, became a UNESCO World Heritage
Site.[2] Bodh Gaya stands on the banks of the Niranjana River (now
called Lilanjan)
378 Ujjain is an ancient city of Malwa region in central India, on the
eastern bank of the Kshipra River today part of the state of Madhya
Pradesh. It is the administrative centre of Ujjain District and Ujjain
Division. Ujjain experiences typical climate conditions of the interior
Indian subcontinent.
379 Amarkantak is a pilgrim town and a nagar panchayat in Anuppur
District in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Amarkantak region is a
unique natural heritage area and is the meeting point of the Vindhyas
and the Satpuras, with the Maikal Hills being the fulcrum. This is where
the Narmada River, the Sone River and Johila River emerge. As well
as the Narmada, the Son River, initially referred to as Jwalawanti of
Johila. Geologically the Amarkantak Hills have underlying basalt
(Deccan Traps). Amarkantak has some extremely valuable medicinal
plants, which are now gravely endangered. Two of these call for
special mention, Hedychium coronarium, or Gulbakavali and Curcuma
caesiaRoxburghii, or Kali Haldi. Gulbakavali belong to the family
zinziberaceae. Gulbakavali grows on marshy land, with pure water and
under dense shade on deep soil.
380 Omkareshwar Omkareshwar is a Hindu temple in Khandwa
district of Madhya Pradesh state in India. It is on an island called
Mandhata or Shivapuri in the Narmada river. It is one of the 12 revered
Jyotirlinga shrines of Shiva. It is about 12 miles (20 km) from Mortakka
in Madhya Pradesh. The shape of the island is said to be like the
Hindu Om symbol. There are two temples here, one to Omkareshwar
(whose name means "OM-maker-lord") and one to Amareshwar
(whose name means "immortal lord" or "lord of the immortals").
Omkareshwar is formed by the sacred river Narmada. This is one of
the most sacred of rivers in India and is now home to one of the world's
biggest dam projects.
381 Puri is a city in the east Indian state of Orissa. It is also known to
many as Jagannath Puri after the Jagannath Temple, which was built
in the late eleventh century. Puri is one of the oldest cities in the
eastern part of the country. It is situated on the coast of the Bay of
Bengal and is a popular beach resort, positioned in a unique place so
that both sunset and sunrise can be viewed from the beach.
382 Bhuwaneshwar is the capital and the largest city of the Indian
state of Orissa. Bhubaneswar is situated in the eastern coastal plains
of Orissa and south-west of the Mahanadi River. The city is subdivided
into a number of townships and housings. The city has a tropical
climate, specifically a tropical wet and dry climate. The average
temperatures range between a minimum of around 10 °C in the winter
to a maximum of 40 °C to 45 °C in summer.
383 Tirupati
384 Kanyakumari is a town in Kanyakumari district in Tamil Nadu
state, India. Located at the southernmost tip of the Indian Peninsula, its
former name was Cape Comorin. The closest major cities are
Nagercoil, the administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari district,
(22 km) and Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala (85 km). The
town is a popular tourist place in India.
385 Rameshwaram is a town in Ramanathapuram district in the
Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on Pamban Island separated
from mainland India by the Pamban channel and is about 50
kilometres from Mannar Island, Sri Lanka. Pamban Island, also known
as Rameswaram Island, is connected to mainland India by the
Pamban Bridge. Rameswaram is the terminus of the railway line from
Chennai and Madurai. Together with Kashi, it is considered to be one
of the holiest places in India to Hindus, and part of the Char Dham
pilgrimages. Hence, it is a bustling pilgrim centre. It is situated in the
Gulf of Mannar at the very tip of the Indian peninsula. It has an
average elevation of 10 metres (32 feet). The religious island is spread
in an area of 61.8 square kilometres and happens to be in the shape of
a conch. The Ramanatha Swamy Temple occupies major area of
Rameshwaram. The beach of Rameswaram is famous for its beautiful
sea featured with no waves at all. Rameswaram has dry tropical
climate.
386 Madurai is the oldest continuously inhabited city in the Indian
peninsula.[3] It is an ancient and prestigious city in the Indian state of
Tamil Nadu, situated on the banks of the River Vaigai in Madurai
district. The city is widely known as the Temple City,[3] and is often
also referred to as City of four junctions (Koodal Maanagar), Cultural
capital of Tamil Nadu (Kalaachaara thalainagar), City of Jasmine
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 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
(Malligai Maanagar), Sleepless city (Thoonga Nagaram), Athens of the
East and The City of Festivals (Thiruvizha nagaram).It is the third
largest city in Tamil Nadu.[4] It has an average elevation of 101
meters above mean sea level. The climate is dry and hot, with
Northeast monsoon rains during October-December. Madurai district
houses reputed organizations in the private sector which are engaged
in the production of variety of goods such as tyres, industrial rubber
products, machinery, textiles, conveyor belts, chemicals etc.
387 Kanchipuram is a temple city and a municipality in Kanchipuram
district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a temple town and the
headquarters of Kanchipuram district. In ancient times it was called
Kachi and Kachiampathi. Kanchipuram is located on the Palar River,
and known for its temples and silk sarees. There are several big
temples(including some of the greatest Vishnu Temples and Shiva
Temples of Tamil Nadu) like Varadharaja Perumal Temple for Lord
Vishnu and Ekambaranatha Temple which is one of the five forms of
abodes of Lord Siva, (it is the earth abode here, other abodes include
Chidambaram (Sky), Sri Kalahasti (air), Thiruvanaikaval (water) and
Tiruvannamalai (fire)), Kamakshi Amman Temple, Varadharaja
Perumal Temple, Kumara Kottam, Kachapeshwarar Temple,
Kailasanathar Temple and many more. Kanchipuram is also called as
"City of 1000 Temples". Kanchipuram is also famous for its silk sarees,
which are hand woven.
388 Chidambaram is a municipal town in Tamil Nadu and the taluk
(tehsil) headquarters of the Cuddalore district. It is located in the
Kollidam River valley about 11 km from the coast, 20 km from the
towns Kollidam and Sirkazhi, 60 km from Karaikal, and 240 km south
of Chennai by rail .[1] It has an average elevation of 3 metres (9 ft).
Chidambaram is a major pilgrimage site for Shaivites as well as
Vaishnavites, where one of the holiest and most ancient temples of
Hinduism is located.
389 Dachigam is located 22 kilometers from Srinagar, Jammu and
Kashmir. It covers an area of 141 square kilometers Dachigam
National park is located among the high mountains of the mighty
western Himalayas. The variation in altitude is vast, ranging from 5500
ft to 14000 ft above mean sea level. Due to this vast variation, the park
is very clearly demarcated into an upper and lower region. The terrain
ranges from gently sloping grasslands to sharp rocky outcrops and
cliffs. Part of the park lies above the tree line and this area displays its
own kind of natural beauty with bare rock mountains and crevices .
The main animal species that Dachigam is most famous for is the
Hangul, or the Kashmir Stag.
390 Kishtwar is a town and a notified area committee in Kishtwar
District in Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost state of India has an
average elevation of 1638 metres (5374 feet). Kishtwar,the upland
valley in the north-east corner of Jammu region, lies ensconced among
the picturesque folds of the Pir Panjal and the Great Himalayan
Ranges.Shepherds or Bakkarwals move through the streets of the
valley. The area is drained by the Chenab river system which, flowing
in from neighbouring Himachal Pradesh, enters the area through
Paddar, home of the famous sapphire mines. Paddar,
Dacchan,Marwah, Wadwan and Cahtroo are major valleys of Kishtwar.
It is along these valleys that the trans-Himalayan Trekking trails
leading to the Suru and Zanskar valleys of Ladakh pass amidst
breathtaking mountain sceneries. Kishtwar town occupies a central
plateau set amidst sylvan surroundings of forested hills. It is famous for
the fine saffron grown here. Several waterfalls provide enchanting
contrasts to the lush green landscape. The nearest of these is only
3 km away from the town and drops down from a height of over 700 m
in a series of seven cascades. Other local attractions include the highly
revered shrines of two Muslim Sufi saints to which thousands of
devotees and pilgrims throng from far and wide.
391 Hemis High Altitude is a high altitude national park in the
Eastern Ladakh region of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India. It is
the only national park in India north of the Himalayas, the largest
notified protected area in India (and thus the largest national park of
India), and is the second largest contiguous protected area after the
Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve and surrounding protected areas. The
park is home to a number of species of endangered mammals
including the Snow Leopard. Hemis National Park is India's only
protected area inside the Palearctic ecozone, outside the Changthang
Wildlife Sanctuary North-east of Hemis, and the proposed Tso Lhamo
Cold Desert Conservation Area in North Sikkim. The park is bounded
to the North by the banks of the Indus River, and includes the
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
cachements of Markha, Sumdah and Rumbak, and parts of the
Zanskar Range. The park lies within the Karakoram-West Tibetan
Plateau alpine steppe ecoregion, and contains pine forests, alpine
shrublands and meadows, and alpine tundra.
392 Corbett Situated in Nainital district of Uttarakhand the park acts
as a protected area for the critically endangered Bengal tiger of India,
the secure survival of which is the main objective of Project Tiger, an
Indian wildlife protection initiative.[2] The park has sub-Himalayan belt
geographical and ecological characteristics.[3] An ecotourism
destination,[4] it contains 488 different species of plants and a diverse
variety of fauna.[5][6] The increase in tourist activities, among other
problems, continues to present a serious challenge to the park's
ecological balance.[7] The weather in the park is temperate compared
to most other protected areas of India.[15] The temperature may vary
from 5 °C (41 °F) to 30 °C (86 °F) during the winte r and some
mornings are foggy.[15] Summer temperatures normally do not rise
above 40 °C (104 °F).[15] Rainfall ranges from ligh t during the dry
season to heavy during the monsoons.
393 Dudhwa is located in the Terai of Uttar Pradesh, India and
covers an area of 680 km2 with a buffer area of almost 190 km2. The
Park was created thanks to the efforts of 'Billy' Arjan Singh, who fought
for the protection of the animals he loved. The area was established in
1958 as a wildlife sanctuary, February 1, 1977 as a national park and
1988 as a tiger reserve. Dudhwa Tiger Reserve lies on the India-Nepal
border in the foothills of the Himalaya. Dudhwa also has an extreme
type of climate. Summers are hot with the temperature rising up to 40
°C. During winters, the temperature hovers between 20 and 30 °C. The
average annual rainfall is 1,600 mm. Dudhwa National Park is full of
mosaic grasslands and dense sal forests to swampy marshes.
394 Manas is a Wildlife Sanctuary, UNESCO Natural World Heritage
site, a Project Tiger Reserve, an Elephant Reserve and a Biosphere
Reserve in Assam, India. Located in the Himalayan foothills, it is
contiguous with the Royal Manas National park[1] in Bhutan. The park
is known for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife such as the
Assam Roofed Turtle, Hispid Hare, Golden Langur and Pygmy Hog.
The park area falls in six districts: Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Barpeta,
Nalbari, Kamrup and Darrang in the state of Assam in India. Manas is
located in the Eastern Himalaya foothills. The park is densely forested.
The Manas river is the main river, a major tributary of Brahmaputra
river.
395 Norkek Nokrek National Park, or Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, is a
national park located Approximately 12 km from Tura Peak in West
Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, India. UNESCO added this National
park to its list of Biosphere Reserves in May 2009. There is a vast
range of plants and animals found in the park, including the fishing cat,
the serow and the tiger. Mammals found in the park are capped
languor, clouded leopard, leopard cat, golden cat, Pangolin, wild
buffalo, elephant, serow and tiger. Reptile living in the park is python.
Birds found are hornbill, peacock, pheasant, hollock etc. All important
rivers and streams of the Garo Hills region rise from the Nokrek
Range, of which the river Simsang, known as Someshwari when it
emerges into Bangladesh at Baghmara, is the most prominent.
Famous sites in the park include the famous Nokrek Peak, Rongbang
Dare Water Fall.
396 Kaziranga is a national park in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts
of the state of Assam, India. A World Heritage Site, the park hosts two-
thirds of the world's Great One-horned Rhinoceroses.[2] Kaziranga
boasts the highest density of tigers among protected areas in the world
and was declared a Tiger Reserve in 2006. The park is home to large
breeding populations of elephants, wild water buffalo, and swamp
deer. Kaziranga is recognised as an Important Bird Area by Birdlife
International for conservation of avifaunal species. Compared to other
protected areas in India, Kaziranga has achieved notable success in
wildlife conservation. Kaziranga contains significant breeding
populations of 35 mammalian species,[22] of which 15 are threatened
as per the IUCN Red List.[7] The park has the distinction of being
home to the world's largest population of the Great Indian One-Horned
Rhinoceros (1,855),[7][23] Wild Asiatic Water Buffalo (1,666)[24] and
Eastern Swamp Deer (468).[25] Significant populations of large
herbivores include elephants (1,940),[26] gaur (30) and sambar (58).
Small herbivores include the Indian Muntjac, wild boar, and hog deer.
397 Namdhapa is the largest protected area in the Eastern Himalaya
biodiversity hotspot and is located in Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast
India. It is also the largest national park in India in terms of area. It is
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 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
located in the Eastern Himalayan sub-region and is recognized as one
of the richest areas in biodiversity in India[1]. The park harbours the
northernmost lowland evergreen rainforests in the world at 27°N
latitude[2]. The area is also known for extensive Dipterocarp forests .
The park is located in Changlang district of the Northeastern state of
Arunachal Pradesh, near its border with Myanmar.
398 Jaldapara is a protect park situated at the foothills of Eastern
Himalayas in Alipurduar Sub-Division of Jalpaiguri District in West
Bengal and on the bank of river Torsa and have an area of 141 km²
and altitude of 61 m. Jaldapara, the vast grassland with patches of
riverine forests was declared a sanctuary in 1941 for protection of the
great variety flora and fauna, particularly the one-horned rhinoceros,
an animal threatened with extinction.
399 Chandra Prabha Chandraprabha sanctuary is situated in the
eastern region of Uttar Pradesh. It is well endowned with beautiful
picnic spots, dense forests, and scenic waterfalls like Rajdari and
Devdari that attract tourists every year to its vicinity. Chandra Prabha
Wildlife Sanctuary is situated about 70 kilometres from the historic city
of Varanasi. Chandra Prabha sanctuary is spread over an area of 78
km² and lies on Naugarh and Vijaigarh hillocks in the Vindhya forest
range in Chandauli.
400 Shivpuri
401 Kanha Kanha National Park is a national park and a Tiger
Reserve in the Mandla and Balaghat districts of Madhya Pradesh,
India. In the 1930s, Kanha area was divided into two sanctuaries,
Hallon and Banjar, of 250 and 300 km² each. Kanha National Park was
created on 1 June, 1955. Today it stretches over an area of 940 km² in
the two districts Mandla and Balaghat. Together with a surrounding
buffer zone of 1,0067 km² and the neighboring 110 km² Phen
Sanctuary it forms the Kanha Tiger Reserve. The park has a significant
population of Royal Bengal Tiger, leopards, the sloth bear, Barasingha
and Indian wild dog. The lush sal and bamboo forests, grassy
meadows and ravines of Kanha provided inspiration to Rudyard Kipling
for his famous novel "Jungle Book " Flora. Kanha National Park is
home to over 600 species of flowering plants.[2] The lowland forest is a
mixture of sal (Shorea robusta) and other mixed forest trees,
interspersed with meadows. The highland forests are tropical moist dry
deciduous type and of a completely different nature with bamboo on
slopes (Dendrocalamus strictus). A very good looking Indian ghost tree
(kullu) can also be seen in the dense forest. Kanha Tiger Reserve
abounds in meadows or maidans which are basically open grasslands
that have sprung up in fields of abandoned villages, evacuated to
make way for the animals. Kanha meadow is one such example. There
are many species of grass recorded at Kanha some of which are
important for the survival of Barasingha (Cervus duvauceli branderi).
Dense forested zones with good crown cover has abundant species of
climbers, shrubs and herbs flourishing in the understory. Aquatic plants
in numerous "tal" (lakes) are life line for migratory and wetland species
of birds.
402 Sariska Tiger Reserve is a national parks in India located in the
Alwar district of the state of Rajasthan. This area was a hunting
preserve of the erstwhile Alwar state and it was declared a wildlife
reserve in 1955. In 1978, it was given the status of a tiger reserve
making it a part of India's Project Tiger scheme. The present area of
the park is 866 km². The park is situated 107 km from Jaipur and
200 km from Delhi.[1] Some of the wildlife found in the Sariska Tiger
Reserve include the Bengal tiger, leopard, jungle cat, caracal, striped
hyena, golden jackal, chital, sambhar, nilgai, chinkara, four-horned
antelope 'chousingha', wild boar, hare, hanuman langur, and plenty of
bird species and reptiles. The reserve's tiger population disappeared in
2005. However, the relocation programme started in 2008. As of now
(August 2010)it is a family of five — two males and three females —
dwelling in the 866 km² reserve. The dominant tree in the forests is
dhok (Anogeissus pendula). Other trees are e.g. salar (Boswellia
serrata), kadaya (Sterculia urens), dhak (Butea monosperma), gol
(Lannea coromandelica), ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) and khair (Acacia
catechu). Bargad (Ficus benghalensis), arjun (Terminalia arjuna),
gugal (Commiphora wightii) or bamboo can also be met at some
places. Shubs are numerous, such as kair (Capparis decidua), adusta
(Adhatoda vesica) and jhar ber (Ziziphus nummularia).
403 Bharatpur / Ghana The Keoladeo National Park or Keoladeo
Ghana National Park formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary
in Rajasthan, India is a famous avifauna sanctuary that sees (or saw)
thousands of rare and highly endangered birds such as the Siberian
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
Crane come here during the winter season. Over 230 species of birds
are known to have made the National Park their home. It is also a
major tourist centre with scores of ornithologists arriving here in the
hibernal season. It was declared a protected sanctuary in 1971. It is
also a declared World Heritage Site.
404 Ranthambor is one of the largest national parks in northern
India. It is situated in Sawai Madhopur district of southeastern
Rajasthan, about 180 km from Jaipur, which is also the nearest airport.
The nearest town and railway station is at Sawai Madhopur, about
11 km away. Ranthambhore is best known for its large tiger population.
As tourism in the park increased, so did the population of neighbouring
villages. This led to increasing amounts of fatal human-tiger
interactions and poaching.
405 Gir The Gir Forest National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is a
forest and wildlife sanctuary in Gujarat, India. Established in 1965, with
a total area of 1412 km² (about 258 km² for the fully protected area (the
National Park) and 1153 km² for the Sanctuary), the park is located
65 km to the south-east of Junagadh. Gir has a tropical monsoon
climate. The seven major perennial rivers of the Gir region are Hiran,
Shetrunji, Datardi, Shingoda, Machhundri, Godavari and Raval. The
four reservoirs of the area are at four dams, one each on Hiran,
Machhundri, Raval and Shingoda rivers, including the biggest reservoir
in the area, the Kamleshwar Dam, dubbed 'the lifeline of Gir'.
406 Little Rann of Kutch Little Rann of Kutch is a salt marsh located
near the Great Rann of Kutch in Kutch district, Gujarat, India.It is
famous as the world's last refuge of the Indian Wild Ass (Khur) for the
conservation of which it has been declared as the Indian Wild Ass
Sanctuary. Though a bleak landscape it is rich in biodiversity and is an
ecologically important area for wildlife and manu local and migratory
waterbirds. It is nominated by the Forest department to be a biosphere
reserve which are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems
internationally recognized within the framework of UNESCO's Man and
Biosphere (MAB) programme. it will focus on conserving biological
diversity, research, monitoring and providing sustainable development
models, the proposal has been sent to and listed at UNESCO.
407 Simlipal Simlipal National Park is a national park and a Tiger
Reserve situated in the Mayurbhanj district in the Indian state of
Orissa. Simlipal National Park derives its name from the abundance of
Semul or red silk cotton trees that bloom vividly. The park is located in
the Mayurbhanj district in the Indian state of Orissa. Simlipal Tiger
Reserve is an ecosystem complete with forest vegetation (mainly sal
trees), fauna and the adjoining Santhal tribal settlements.
408 Bandipur is one of India's best known protected areas and is an
important Project Tiger reserve. It is located in the Chamarajanagar
district of southern Karnataka in South India. The Western Ghats,
Nilgiri Sub-Cluster (6,000+ km²), including all of Bandipur National
Park, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage
Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site. situated south of the
Kabini river at the foothills of the Western Ghats.The rivers Kabini,
Nagur and Moyar flow through the reserve.
409 Periyar Periyar is a protected area, and a nature reserve in the
South Indian State of Kerala, set high in the mountains of the Western
Ghats at the border to Tamil Nadu. It lies in the districts of Idukki and
Pathanamthitta. The Periyar protected area lies in the middle of a
mountainous area of the Cardamom Hills. Periyar Tiger Reserve is one
of the 27 tiger reserves in India. Periyar Tiger Reserve is located in the
Western Ghats in Idukki District of the Kerala state in India. The terrain
of the Reserve is undulating and the drainage is dendrite. North-
eastern boundary of the Reserve is a ridge, which also forms boundary
between Kerala and Tamil Nadu states for 90 km.
410 Vedanthangal Vedanthankal Lake Bird Sanctuary is a 30 ha (70-
acre) sanctuary located in the Kancheepuram District of the state of
Tamil Nadu, India. The sanctuary is about 75 km from Chennai on
National Highway 45 (NH45) south of Chengalpattu.Vedanthangal is a
home for migratory birds, such as pintail, garganey, grey wagtail, blue-
winged teal, common sandpiper and some moreVedanthangal is at
around one and half hour journey from Chennai.
411 Valley of Flowers Valley of Flowers National Park is an Indian
national park, Nestled high in West Himalaya, is renowned for its
meadows of endemic alpine flowers and outstanding natural beauty. It
is located in Uttarakhand state. This richly diverse area is also home to
rare and endangered animals, including the Asiatic black bear, snow
leopard, brown bear and blue sheep. The gentle landscape of the
Valley of Flowers National Park complements the rugged mountain
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 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
wilderness of Nanda Devi National Park. The Valley of Flowers is
internationally important on account of its diverse alpine flora,
representative of the Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
ecoregion. The rich diversity of species reflects the valley’s location
within a transition zone between the Zaskar and Great Himalayas
ranges to the north and south, respectively, and between the Eastern
Himalaya and Western Himalaya flora. A number of plant species are
internationally threatened, several have not been recorded from
elsewhere in Uttarakhand and two have not been recorded in Nanda
Devi National Park. The diversity of threatened species of medicinal
plants is higher than has been recorded in other Indian Himalayan
protected areas. The entire Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve lies within
the Western Himalayas Endemic Bird Area (EBA). Seven restricted-
range bird species are endemic to this part of the EBA. The Valley of
Flowers was declared a national park in 1982. This part of
Uttarakhand, in the upper reaches of Garhwal, is inaccessible through
much of the year. The area lies on the Zanskar range of the Himalayas
with the highest point in the national park being Gauri Parbat at 6,719
m above sea level.
412 Kanha Kisli Kanha National Park is a national park and a Tiger
Reserve in the Mandla and Balaghat districts of Madhya Pradesh,
India. The park has a significant population of Royal Bengal Tiger,
leopards, the sloth bear, Barasingha and Indian wild dog. The lush sal
and bamboo forests, grassy meadows and ravines of Kanha provided
inspiration to Rudyard Kipling for his famous novel "Jungle Book.
413 Bandhav Garh Bandhavgarh National Park is one of the popular
national parks in India located in the Umaria district of Madhya
Pradesh. Bandhavgarh was declared a national park in 1968 with an
area of 105 km². This park has a large biodiversity. The density of the
tiger population at Bandhavgarh is one of the highest known in India.
The park has a large breeding population of Leopards, and various
species of deer. Bandhavgarh National Park lies on the extreme north-
eastern border of the present state of Madhya Pradesh in India and the
northern flanks of the eastern Satpuda Mountain range
414 Palamau (Betala) Betla National Park is a national park located
in the Chota Nagpur Plateau of the PALAMU district of Jharkhand, in
India. Betla was one of the first national parks in India to become a
tiger reserve under Project Tiger. Animals one can find at Betla include
forest owls, drongos, tigers, civets and the rhesus monkey. It has
waterfalls and hot springs too. The diversity of eco-system promotes a
wide variety of fauna consisting of elephant, panther, leopard, wild
boar, tiger, gaur, sloth bear, sambar, chital, nuntjac, nilgai, langur,
mouse deer, monkeys, small Indian civet, mongoose, jackals,
porcupine, ant eating pangolin etc. Elephants in large numbers are
seen mostly during the monsoons up to the time when water sources
begin to dry up in March. Jackal and hyena are common scavengers.
Bird-life is rich featuring the hornbill, peafowl, red jungle fowl, black
partridge, white necked stork, black ibis, swamp grey, quail, the pied
born bill, wagtails, the harial, doves, drongo, the crested serpent-eagle,
forest owls, the papiha and other birds usually found in dry deciduous
forests. The famous Kamaldah lake attracts several varieties of water
birds including the common whistling and cotton teal, the comb duck,
snipe and geese. The rhesus monkey and the common languor
provide attraction to children visiting the park. Described as one of the
finest parks in the north-east for observing a variety of wild life from
close range, there are elephant rides and jeeps available with guides
and spotlight for venturing inside the park. Watch towers and ground
hides have been constructed to view the wild life.
415 Pench
416 Shivprabha
417 Chandra Prabha
418 Nandan Kanan Nandan Kanan Zoological Park, Bhubaneswar is
a premier zoo of Orissa, India. It also contains a botanical garden and
part of it has been declared a sanctuary. Nandan Kanan, literally
meaning 'The Garden of Heavens',[3].Nandankanan Zoological Park
has become a member of the World Association of Zoos and
Aquariums (WAZA). It is the first zoo in India to acquire this
distinction.[4] Having more than 240 zoos and aquaria as its members.
The zoo enjoys a good reputation internationally, for successfully
breeding black panthers, gharial crocodiles and white tigers in
captivity.[9]Three white tigers were also born in the Nandankanan Zoo
in Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India in 1980 .
419 Madhav
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
420 Silent Valley is located in the Nilgiri Hills, Palakkad District in
Kerala, South India. The park is one of the last undisturbed tracts of
South Western Ghats montane rain forests and tropical moist
evergreen forest in India. Contiguous with the proposed Karimpuzha
National Park (225 km²) to the north and Mukurthi National Park
(78.46 km²) to the north-east, it is the core of the Nilgiri International
Biosphere Reserve (1,455.4 km²), and is part of The Western Ghats
World Heritage Site, Nilgiri Sub-Cluster (6,000+ km²) under
consideration by UNESCO. Silent Valley gets copious amounts of
rainfall during the monsoons, but the actual amount varies within the
region due the varied topography. In general the rainfall is higher at
higher altitude and decreases from the west to east due to the rain
shadow effect.
421 Bhagwan Mahavir
422 Khangchend Jonga
423 Kaibul Lamjao is a national park in the Bishnupur district of the
state of Manipur in India. It is 40 km2 (15.4 sq mi) in area, the only
floating park in the world, located in North East India, and an integral
part of Loktak Lake. The national park is characterized by many
floating decomposed plant materials locally called phumdis. The park
is a swamp with floating mass of vegetation (created by accrual of
organic garbage and biomass with soil particles that has been
thickened into a solid form called phumdis, at the south–eastern side of
the Loktak Lake, which has been declared a Ramsar site.
424 Paraganas South(site of Sunderbans Tiger Sanctuary) is a
National Park, Tiger Reserve, UNESCO World Heritage Site and a
Biosphere Reserve located in the Sundarbans delta in the Indian state
of West Bengal. This region is densely covered by mangrove forests,
and is one of the largest reserves for the Bengal tiger. It is also home
to a variety of bird, reptile and invertebrate species, including the salt-
water crocodile. The present Sundarbans National Park was declared
as the core area of Sundarbans Tiger Reserve in 1973 and a wildlife
sanctuary in 1977. On May 4, 1984 it was declared a National Park. It
was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1987.[1] Whole
Sundarbans area was declared as Biosphere Reserve in 1989.
425 Keoladev Ghana
426 Nagarhole also known as "Rajiv Gandhi National Park", is
located 94 kilometers (58 mi) from Mysore in Karnataka in South India.
It is spread between Kodagu district and Mysore district. Located to the
northwest of Bandipur National Park, Kabini reservoir separates the
two. The exclusive hunting reserve of the former rulers of Mysore, the
park has rich forest cover, small streams, valleys, and waterfalls. The
park stretches over 643 square kilometres (248 sq mi), protecting the
wildlife of Karnataka. Together with the adjoining Bandipur National
Park (870 km2 (340 sq mi)), Mudumalai National Park (320 km2
(120 sq mi)) and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary (344 km2 (133 sq mi)), it
forms the largest protected area in Southern India, totaling 2,183 km2
(843 sq mi). The park is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The
Western Ghats, Nilgiri Sub-Cluster (6,000+ km²), including all of
Nagarhole National Park, is under consideration by the UNESCO
World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.
427 Sonai Rupai
428 Dihang Dibang is a protected area in the Indian state of
Arunachal Pradesh. The Mouling National Park and the Dibang Valley
Wildlife Sanctuary are located within this bioshpere reserve.
429 Orang
430 Sirohi Siroi National Park is a national park located in the state
of Manipur in India. It was established in 1982. Among the animals that
make their homes here include the tragopan, the tiger and leopard. Its
is here that the famous siroi lily (Lilium maclineae) grows naturally. The
main peak of Siroi abounds with flowers during the monsoon and it is a
veritable paradise.
431 Bhitarkanika Bhitarkanika National Park is a national park
located in the Kendrapara District of Orissa in India. The park
encompasses with an area of 672 km²[1] of the Bhitarkanika
Mangroves, a mangrove swamp which lies in the river delta of the
Brahmani, Baitarani, and Dhamara rivers. The national park is
surrounded by the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary. Gahirmatha Beach
lies to the east, and separates the mangroves from the Bay of Bengal.
The park is home to the Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus),
white crocodile, Indian python, black ibis, and darters. Olive Ridley
sea-turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) nest on Gahirmatha and other
nearby beaches.
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
432 Lothian Island Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in
South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. The wildlife in this sanctuary
includes Estuarine Crocodile, Olive Ridley Sea Turtle, Spotted Deer,
Jungle cat, Rhesus macaque.
433 Sanjay Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP), previously Borivali
National Park,[2], is a large protected area on the northern fringes of
suburban Mumbai city in Maharashtra State in India.[3] It
encompasses an area of 104 km2 (40 sq mi) and is surrounded on
three sides by India's most populous city.[4] It is notable as one of the
few national parks existing within a metropolis limit in Asia and is one
of the most visited parks in the world[3] It also enjoys the distinction of
being the largest urban park in the world.[citation needed]. The rich
flora and fauna of Sanjay Gandhi National Park attracts more than 2
million visitors every year. Tourists also enjoy visiting the 2400 years
old Kanheri caves sculpted out of the rocky cliffs which lie within the
park. The undulating green lands of the Sanjay Gandhi National Park
have a natural environment which tourists love
434 Sanjay Gandhi in
435 Fossil National fossils park is situated in Dindori, Madhya
Pradesh district of Madhya Pradesh in India. This national park has
plants in fossil form that existed in India anywhere between 40 million
and 150 million years ago spread over seven villages of Mandla
District (Ghuguwa, Umaria, Deorakhurd, Barbaspur, Chanti-hills,
Chargaon and Deori Kohani). The Mandla Plant Fossils National Park
is an area that spreads over 274,100 square metres. Such fossils are
found in three other villages of the district also, but they lie outside the
national park.
436 Marine
437 Bhagwan Maharvir
438 Great Indian Bustard Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary
(established in 1979, also known as the Jawaharlal Nehru Bustard
Sanctuary of Maharashtra) is a wildlife sanctuary for the Great Indian
Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) at Solapur, Maharashtra, India. The land
is drought-prone and semi-arid.[1]
439 Mahatma Gandhi Marine
440 Tarapur is located in Tarapur, Maharashtra (India). It was initially
constructed with two boiling water reactor (BWR) units of 160 MW
each by Bechtel and GE under the 1963 123 Agreement between
India, the United States, and the International Atomic Energy Agency.
These were the first of their kind in Asia. More recently, an additional
two pressurised heavy water reactor (PHWR) units of 540 MW each
were constructed by L & T and Gammon India, seven months ahead of
schedule and well within the original cost estimates. With a total
capacity of 1400 MW, Tarapur is the largest nuclear power station in
India. The facility is operated by the Nuclear Power Corporation of
India Limited.
441 Kalpakkam Madras Atomic Power Station located at Kalpakkam
about 80 km south of Chennai, India, is a comprehensive nuclear
power production, fuel reprocessing, and waste treatment facility that
includes plutonium fuel fabrication for fast breeder reactors (FBRs). It
is also India's first fully indegenously constructed nuclear power
station. It has two units of 170 MWe capacity each.
442 Kota
443 Pokhran
444 Jadugoda
445 Kudankulam
446 Kaiga Kaiga is a nuclear power station situated at Kaiga in Uttar
Kannada district in Karnataka, India. The plant has been in operation
since March 2000 and is operated by the Nuclear Power Corporation
of India. It has four units with one still under construction. The two
oldest units comprise the west half of the site and the two newer units
are adjoining the east side of the site. All of the four are small-sized
Candu plants of 220 MW.
447 Kakrapar The nuclear power station Kakrapar (also Kakrapar
Atomic power station or CAPE) is a nuclear power station in India, it
lies in the proximity of the city Surat in the Federal State Gujarat. It
consists of two 220 MW pressurized water reactors with heavy water
as moderator (PHWR). KAPS-1 went critical on 3 September 1992 and
began commercial electricity production a few months later on 6 May
1993. KAPS-2 went critical on 8 January 1995 and began commercial
production in September 1995. In January 2003 the CANDU Owners
Group (COG) distinguished KAPS-1 as the worldwide best PHWR of
its class. The construction costs originally were estimated to be 3.8252
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
billion Rupees, the plant was finally finished at a price of 13.35 billion
Rupees to have cost.
448 Rawatbhata Rawatbhata is a town and a municipality in
Chittorgarh district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.It is 50 km away
from the nearest city Kota. Rawatbhata is connected to the major
routes in country through Kota. Nuclear power generating facilities
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station UNIT-1 is operated by DAE,
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station UNIT-2 to 6, operated by Nuclear
Power Corporation of India is located at Rawatbhata. Heavy Water
Plant (under HEAVY WATER BOARD , DEPARTMENT OF ATOMIC
ENERGY )is also located at Rawatbhata, for the purpose of supplying
heavy water for Power Generation with Natural Uranium.
449 Narora Narora is located on the banks of river Ganges, in district
Bulandshahar, Uttar Pradesh. A nuclear power plant is located in its
vicinity. Narora is home to one of the nation's network of nuclear power
plants, operated by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited
(NPCIL), a public sector undertaking under the Department of Atomic
Energy (DAE), Government of India.
450 Digboi The Digboi Refinery was set up at Digboi in 1901 by
Assam Oil Company Ltd.. The Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOC) took
over the refinery and marketing management of Assam Oil Company
Ltd. with effect from 1981 and created a separate division. This division
has both refinery and marketing operations. The refinery at Digboi had
an installed capacity 0.50 MMTPA (million metric tonnes per annum).
The refining capacity of the refinery was increased to 0.65 MMTPA by
modernization of refinery in July, 1996. A new delayed Coking Unit of
1,70,000 TPA capacity was commissioned in 1999. A new Solvent
Dewaxing Unit for maximizing production of microcrystalline wax was
installed and commissioned in 2003. The refinery has also installed
Hydrotreater to improve the quality of diesel.
451 Trombay
452 Noonmati Noonmati is located in Guwahati Assam (in North East
India). Noonmati, a suburb of the city of Guwahati, Assam, India is
known for the first Oil Refinery to be commissioned by the then Indian
Oil Company Limited, now known as Indian Oil Corporation Limited,
listed as one of the fortune 500 companies. Guwahati Refinery as is
known was started in the year 1962 on January 1. Noonmati Refinery
is supplied by crude oil from the pipline of Oil India Ltd. Noonmati has
the main railways Broad Gauge Yard for loading / Unloading goods
from Guwahati.
453 Barauni Barauni Refinery in the Bihar state of India was built in
collaboration with the Soviet Union at a cost of Rs.49.4 crores and
went on stream in July, 1964. The initial capacity of 2 MMTPA was
expanded to 3 MMTPA by 1969. The present capacity of this refinery is
6.00 MMTPA. A Catalytic Reformer Unit (CRU) was also added to the
refinery in 1997 for production of unleaded motor spirit. Projects are
also planned for meeting future fuel quality requirements. In 1997 the
refinery was reported to be the target of Assamese rebels.
454 Koyali The Gujarat Refinery at Koyali (Near Baroda) in Gujarat in
Western India is Indian Oil Corporation’s largest [1] Refinery. It is the
largest Public Sector Refinery of India and most energy efficient
Refinery of IOCL.
455 Mathura The Mathura Refinery, owned by Indian Oil Corporation,
is located in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh. The refinery processes low
sulphur crude from Bombay High, imported low sulphur crude from
Nigeria, and high sulphur crude from the Middle East. The refinery was
in the news for allegedly causing the white marble of the Taj Mahal to
yellow. It is located about 50 kilometers away from the Taj Mahal.[3] It
is currently asking the Indian government to allow an expansion,
raising the capacity to 11 million tonnes.
456 Guahati Guwahati Refinery is an oil refinery at Noonmati,
Guwahati, India owned by the Indian Oil Corporation. It was the first in
the public sector[citation needed] and was set up in collaboration with
Romania at a cost of Rs.17.29 crores and commissioned on 1 January
1962 with a design capacity of 0.75 MMTPA. The present capacity of
this Refinery is 1.00 MMTPA.
457 Bongaigaon Bongaigaon Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited
(BRPL) was incorporated as Government of India Undertaking under
the administrative control of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
on 20 February 1974. The company became a subsidiary of
IndianOil(IOC) on 29th of March 2001 after disinvestments of share by
Govt of India. BRPL has the unique distinction of being the first
indigenous grass root Refinery in the country integrated with a
Petrochemical complex at one location. At present, the Refinery is
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
processing crude available from the oil fields of ONGC and OIL located
in the North-East India and Ravva crude oil from the Krishna Godavari
basinoff the coast of Andhra Pradesh.
458 Naharkatia
459 Moran
460 Ankleswar
461 Kalol
462 Lunez
463 Nawagam
464 Bombay High Mumbai High formerly known as Bombay High [1]
is an offshore oilfield 160 km off the coast of Mumbai. The oil
operations are run by India's Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).
Mumbai High field was discovered by a Russian and Indian oil
exploration team operating from the seismic exploration vessel . As of
2004, it supplied 14% of India's oil requirement and accounted for
about 38% of all domestic production. On 27 July 2005, a major fire
destroyed the production platform, leaving at least 11 people dead
despite rescue measures taken by the Indian Coast Guard. The
platform accounted for 110,000 barrels per day (17,000 m3/d), or 15%,
of India's oil production. Rebuilding this is expected to take upwards of
4 months and estimated to cost around Rs. 1200 crore or US$300
million. Crude oil produced from Mumbai High is of very good quality
as compared to crudes produced in middle east. Mumbai High crude
has more than 60% paraffinic content while light Arabian crude has
only 25% paraffin.
465 HBJ Gas Pipeline
466 Salaya Mathura
467 Jharia Jharia is famous for its rich coal resource. The coal field
lies in the Damodar River Valley, and covers about 110 square miles
(280 square km), and produces bituminous coal suitable for coke. Most
of India's coal comes from Jharia. Jaria coal mines are India's most
important storehouse [5] of prime coke coal used in blast furnaces, it
consists of 23 large underground and nine large open cast mines.
Jharia is famous for a coal field fire that has burned underground for
nearly a century. The first fire was detected in 1916.[4]. In 1972, more
than 70 mine fires were reported in this region.
468 Haldia – Barauni
469 Dighboi - Barauni
470 Raniganj
471 Singrauli Singrauli is a town in Singrauli district in the Indian
state of Madhya Pradesh. All major companies operating at Singrauli
are giants of Indian energy industry. The operations of companies
nclude mining of coal to power generation. In recent past several
private companies too have joined the league of companies operating
at Singrauli. It is expected that by 2017 Singrauli alone would feed
35,000 MW of electrical power to the grid. Industrial developments
have only been possible because Mother earth has blessed this part of
the land with mineable reserves of Coal. Northern Coalfields Limited,
the PSU coal major and the highest profit making subsidiary of Coal
giant “Coal India Ltd” is the only feeder to these power, chemical and
cement plants located within the vicinity of Singrauli Industrial Zone.
With many billion tones of coal being mined for the last 35-40 yrs, it still
sits on a geographical reserve of more than 8.7 billion tones, which can
be mined for another 35-40 Years.
472 Korba Korba District is an administrative district of Chhattisgarh
state in central India. The city of Korba is the district headquarters. The
district was situated in the Northern Rocks and Hills area of the state.
Most of the land which has plateau from the Maikal ranges of the
Satpura hills, is high and low and open.
473 Neyveli is a mining and power generation township in Cuddalore
district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is 52 km inland from Bay of
Bengal, west of Puducherry (Pondicherry) and 197 km south of
Chennai. The township was developed after mining of lignite started
under the Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) in 1956. The Neyveli
Lignite Corporation is a public sector enterprise operating out of
Neyveli. A large percentage of the thermal power generated in Tamil
Nadu comes from the power plants in Neyveli, more than 2500
MegaWatts. The basic industries on which Neyveli thrives are the
lignite mines (I, II, IA) and thermal power stations (I,II & I-Extn.). One of
the largest 'open-cast' mines, with very large machinery, the lignite
mines is an engineering marvel. Since, the entire township has been
built for the purpose of employees of the corporation, the other sources
of economic activity are the support services to the township. This
includes contracts with the NLC, shops, private hospitals in the
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
periphery, schools etc. There are also a lot of mining industries that
have been developed in the last two decades. A fertilizer, B&C plant
that was owned by Neyveli Lignite Corporation was closed few years
back.
474 Makum is a town and a town area committee in Tinsukia district
in the Indian state of Assam. It should not be mistaken for Makum
Pathar, (the place near Digboi where, crude oil was first struck in Asia
The railway junction of Makum is the easternmost railway junction of
the Indian Railways. Makum is basically an industrial town. There were
a large number of plywood factories in makum,but now, most of these
have been closed down. There are a large number of tea factories in
makum. Other industries include flour industry, candle industry spice
grinding industry, etc. There is also a timber treating plant in Makum.
There are a large number of small tea growers in and around the town
who supply their produce to these factories. However most of the
people of Makum are making ther livelihood from services of different
kinds and small businesses.
475 Damodar Valley is the first multipurpose river valley project of
independent India. The corporation came into being on July 7, 1948 by
an Act of the Constituent Assembly of India (Act No. XIV of 1948). [1] It
is modelled on the Tennessee Valley Authority of the USA. Jawaharlal
Nehru, prime minister of India, Dr. B.C.Roy, chief minister of West
Bengal and Sri Krishna Sinha, chief minister of Bihar, took personal
interest to ensure early success of the project. The first dam was built
across the Barakar River, a tributary of the Damodar River at Tilaiya
1953. The second one, Konar Dam, was built across the Konar River,
another tributary of the Damodar River at Konar in 1955. Two dams
across the rivers Barakar and Damodar were built at Maithon in 1957
and Panchet in 1959. Both the dams are some 8 km upstream of the
confluence point of the rivers.
476 Sone Valley
477 Tawa Valley
478 Singareni Singareni is a village located in Khammam district.
Coal reserves in Telangana were first found at village Singareni. There
is a railway line from village Singareni that meets Manuguru-Dornakal
railway at Karepalli junction. Singareni railway station was also called
as Yellandu station that is one of the oldest railway stations in
Telangana.
479 Talcher Talcher is a city and a municipality in Anugul district in
the Indian state of Orissa. Talcher is known for its coal reserves. It has
numbers of underground and open-cast mines. Dera colliery is the
oldest mine here. The coalfields are managed by Mahanadi Coalfields
Limited (MCL), a subsidiary of Coal India Limited (CIL). According to
the Central Pollution Board, Talcher is the most polluted industrial hub.
480 Kundremukh also spelled Kuduremukha is a mountain range in
Chikkamagaluru district, in Karnataka. The town of Kudremukh is
primarily an iron ore mining town where the government run Public
Sector Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd. (KIOCL) operates. It is
noted for its scenic beauty. Owing to the dense forests, sighting wildlife
can be challenging, though the area is rich in wildlife. Nonetheless the
drive through the forest ranges can be enchanting and exhilarating.
Three important rivers, the Tunga, the Bhadra and the Nethravathi are
said to have their origin here.
481 Bababudan Hills is a mountain in the Dattagiri Hill Range / Baba
Budan Giri Range of the Western Ghats of India. Located in the
Chikkamagaluru District of Karnataka, Dattagiri/ Baba Budangiri is
known for its shrine which is a place of pilgrimage for both Hindus and
Muslims. Peaks in the Dattagiri / Baba Budan Giri Range are the
Mullayanagiri and Dattagiri/Baba Budangiri (height 1895 m).
Mullayanagiri also spelt Mullayangiri or Mullainagiri is the highest peak
in the Baba Budan Giri Range. With a height of 1930 m (6317 ft.), it is
the highest peak between the Himalayas and the Nilgiris.
482 Bailadila
483 Daitare
484 Bhilai Bhilai or Bhilai Nagar is a city in Durg district of
Chhattisgarh state, India with a population of 753,837 (2001
census)[1]. The city is located 25 km west of the capital Raipur on the
main Howrah–Mumbai rail line, and National Highway 6. Bhilai is
famous for Bhilai Steel Plant which is the largest of its kind in India.
Along with its sister city Durg, Bhilai was listed among the fastest
growing cities in the world, in terms of the growing population.[2] The
economy of the town is centred around the massive Bhilai Steel Plant,
one of the largest integrated steel plants in the world. Apart from this,
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
Bhilai is also home to Bhilai Refractories Plant (BRP)[4], another public
sector organization.
485 Bokaro Bokaro Steel Plant is located in the Bokaro district of
Jharkhand. It is the fourth integrated public sector steel plant in India
built with Soviet help. It was incorporated as a limited company in the
year 1964. It was later merged with the state owned Steel Authority of
India Limited (SAIL).Formerly it was known as Bokaro Steel Limited
(BSL). Bokaro Steel Plant is hailed as India's first swadeshi steel plant.
Its first blast furnace was started on 2nd October 1972. At present it
houses five blast furnaces with total capacity to produce 4.5 MT of
liquid steel.
486 Rourkela is located in the northwestern tip of the Indian state of
Orissa at the heart of a rich mineral belt. It is surrounded by a range of
hills and encircled by rivers. One of the largest steel plants of the Steel
Authority of India Limited is situated here. It also has one of the
National Institutes of Technology of the country. Rourkela is located at
84.54E longitude and 22.12N latitude in Sundergarh district of Orissa
at an elevation of about 219 meters above mean sea level. The area of
Rourkela is 200 square kilometers approximately. Red and laterite
soils are found here which are quite rich in minerals. The area near
Rourkela is rich in iron-ore hence a steel plant is situated in Rourkela.
Rourkela is situated in a hilly region which adds to the natural beauty
of the city. The Koel and Sankha rivers meet at Vedvyas, Rourkela and
flow as a single river called Brahmani. Hence Rourkela is the
confluence of Koel, Sankha and Brahmani.
487 Durgapur is one of the integrated steel plants of Steel Authority
of India Limited, located in Durgapur, in the eastern Indian state of
West Bengal. It has played a historically important part in the industrial
development of India. Although not a separate company, it is the
largest industrial unit in the state of West Bengal.[citation needed]. It is
the first Ingot(1960) Producing Steel Plant in India.Apart from it its the
only steel plant in India which produces train wheels for all passenger
cars which includes Rajdhani,Shatabdi Express.Forged wheels are
especially made here.
488 Jamshedpur is the largest urban conglomeration in the state of
Jharkhand, India. Jamshedpur is a well-planned industrial city of India,
founded by late Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata. It is also known as Steel
City,TataNagar or sometimes simply Tata. Jamshedpur is the
headquarters of the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. It has a
population of 1.1 million (as per 2001 census) and ranks 28th among
the 35 million-plus cities in India. It is located on the Chota Nagpur
plateau and is surrounded by the beautiful Dalma Hills. The city is
bordered by the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai on the north and
west parts of the city. Jamshedpur is a major industrial center of East
India.It houses numerous well known companies like Tata Steel, Tata
Motors, Tata Power, Lafarge Cement, Telcon, BOC Gases, Praxair,
TCE,Timken India,Tinplate, and many more. It is also home to the one
of the largest Industrial Belts of India known as Adityapur which
houses more than 800 small and medium scale Industries.
Jamshedpur, as home to the first private Iron and Steel company of
India(sixth largest in the world), Tata Steel, is commonly called "Tata
Nagar" as a result of the company's significant presence. The areas
surrounding Jamshedpur are rich in minerals, including iron ore, coal,
manganese bauxite and lime.It is a modern, industrial city; the main
industries being iron and steel, truck manufacturing, tinplate
production, cement and other small and medium scale industries
revolving around these products. The largest factory is that of Tata
Steel (the erstwhile Tata Iron and Steel Company or TISCO), and it is
situated almost at the center of the city. Tata Steel is the largest iron
and steel producing plant in India, as well as the oldest. Plans have
been made for the expansion of Tata Steel's existing plant at
Jamshedpur from 7 million tonnes per annum to 10 million tonnes per
annum. It would then be the first plant in the world to have 10 million
tonne capacity in a single campus. The steel plant is large enough and
still covers around a fourth of the land area of Jamshedpur, and has
two inland water lakes.
489 Vizag is a major port and the second largest city in the state of
Andra Pradesh on the east coast of India with a population of
approximately 1.3 million. The city is nestled among the hills of the
Eastern Ghats and faces the Bay of Bengal to the east. It is the
administrative headquarters of Visakhapatnam district and is also
home to the Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy. Vizag Steel,
also known as Visakhapatnam Steel Plant a steel company based in
the outskirts of Visakhapatnam, India. Its main plant is located 26
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
kilometers from Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, it is among India's
premier steel mills. It has also been conferred the Mini Ratna status. Its
vision - Infrastructuring India.
490 Bhadravati
491 Salem is a city and a corporation in Salem district in the Indian
state of Tamil Nadu, located in the north central part of the
southernmost state of India. It is the 5th largest Municipal Corporation
and Urban agglomeration in Tamil Nadu next to Chennai, Coimbatore,
Madurai and Trichy.
492 Burnpur is an important industrial city in Asansol sub-division in
the state of West Bengal, India . It is located in Bardhaman District, in
the heart of the mining-industrial belt in the western periphery of the
state. The city got its name from the Managing Agency house, Burn &
Co., which promoted IISCO in 1918. The township came up with the
construction of the iron-making plant. The Indian Standard Wagon
factory was also set up in 1918 and shared the township with IISCO.
The location of the iron works was at Hirapur. It was a small hamlet
amidst the sal (shorea robusta gaertn) forests, in Shergarh pargana
belonging to the Raja of Panchakut (Panchet). Nearby villages were
Narsinghbandh, Dharampur, Rangapara, Kalajharia, Nabaghunti,
Santa, Napuria, Nakrasota and Chhotodighari.
493 Daitari Daitari is a census town in Kendujhar district in the state
of Orissa, India.
494 Kothagundem is an industrial town in the Khammam district of
Andhra Pradesh, about 270 km from Hyderabad. It is also known as
the coal town of South India. Kothagudem and palvancha are the twin.
industrial towns in the state. It has an average elevation of 89 metres
(295 ft) above seal level. The North of Kothagudem borders
Chhattisgarh state which is approximately 120 km from the town.
Kothagudem heads the The Singareni Collieries Company Limited, the
coal producing company in South India. It produces 40 million tonnes
of coal every year. The Kothagudem Thermal Power station (K.T.P.S.),
Nava Bharat Ferro Alloys (N.B.F.A.), Sponge Iron India Limited(S.I.I.L.)
are some of the other prominent industries here. It has the only mining
school in the state of Andhra Pradesh, Kothagudem School of Mines
(K.S.M.). The area is endowed with rich forests, industries and
landscape.
495 Neyveli already done
496 Kolar, Hutti Hutti Gold Mines Limited (HGML) is a company
located in the state of Karnataka, India and engaged in the mining and
production of gold. It was first established as Hyderabad Gold Mines in
1947. It is the only company in India which produces gold by mining
and processing the gold ore.[1][2] Owned by the Government of
Karnataka, HGML has two plants located in Hutti and Chitradurga.
HGML mines gold from its main gold mine located in Hutti and other
satellite mines.[3] It is the first Indian member of the World Gold
Council
497 Koderma is a city and a notified area in Koderma district in the
Indian state of Jharkhand.
498 Nellore is a city located in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It
is the headquarters of the Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore District, formerly
Nellore district. It is of strategic commercial importance as it lies
between the cities of Vijayawada and Chennai. It is located on the
banks of the Penna river.
499 Khetri
500 Palana
501 Makrana Makrana is a town in the Nagaur district of Indian state
of Rajasthan. Makrana is famous for the white stone as marble mined
from the mines around it. It is said that the Taj Mahal was built from
Makrana marble. Makrana is a small town, but it has plenty of marble
outcrops. Most of the residents in this town work as marble miners.
Makrana has various mining ranges, popularly known as Doongri, devi,
Ulodi, Saabwali, Gulabi, Kumari, Neharkhan, Matabhar, Matabhar
kumari, Chuck doongri, Chosira etc. Doongri, devi, Saabwali, Ulodi,
Chosira and Neharkhan are famous for white marble, whereas Ulodi is
famous for Albeto Marble. These mines produce white-brown belt
beautiful marble. Gulabi stands for pink plain and pink Adanga marble
whereas almost all mines produce Adanga marbles with brown and
grey sheds. Makrana marble is a metamorphic rock. It is a single
deposit in India. The Makrana marble has 90 to 98 percent CaCo3.
502 Panna Panna is a city and a municipality in Panna district in the
Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is famous for its diamond mines. It
is the administrative center of Panna District. Panna has a tiger
reserve which is called Panna National Park. Diamond mines in Panna
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
are managed under the Diamond Mining Project of National Mineral
Development Corporation (NMDC Ltd)
503 Zawar
504 Kemmangundi
505 Gurumahisani
506 Jhunjhunu is a town in the state of Rajasthan in India, and the
administrative headquarters of Jhunjhunu District. It is located a
180 km from Jaipur and 245 km from Delhi. The town is famous for the
frescos on its grand Havelis, a special artistic feature of this region.
507 Amjhore
508 Jhabua is a town and a municipality in Jhabua district in the
Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters
of Jhabua District.
509 Satna is a city in the heartland of middle India and a municipal
corporation in Satna district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is
the administrative headquarters of Satna District. Satna is a border city
of the state and is touched by the borders of state of UttarPradesh.
The place is renowned for Dolomite mines and Limestone. Satna's
industries include cement manufacturing, hand loom weaving, flour,
oilseed milling, and the distribution of agricultural and fabric products
via road and rail junction. The Asia's biggest cement factory known as
"Prism Cement" is in Satna.
510 Nalconda is a town and a municipality in Nalgonda district in the
Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Its name is derived from two Telugu
words Nalla (black) and Konda (hills).[1] Nalgonda in the past is
referred to as Nilagiri. Nalgonda district is major producer of Cement in
Andhra Pradesh due to the availability of lime stone across the borders
of Nalgonda district and neighboring Guntur district. the large number
of Cement industries. Nalgonda has record number of legal and illegal
chit fund companies which lend money at high interest rates. People
from nearby villages and local residents approach these lenders to
fulfill their urgent needs.
511 Ramgiri
512 Cuddapah is a city in the south-central part of Andhra Pradesh,
India and is the headquarters of Kadapa District). is one of the
important cities in Rayalaseema, Andhra Pradesh, and is situated in
the south-central part of the Andhra Pradesh State. Located 8 km
south of the Penna River, the city is surrounded on three sides by the
Nallamala and Palakonda hills.
513 Kalaba
514 Banaskantha Banaskantha is one among the twenty-six districts
of the Gujarat state of India. The administrative headquarters of the
district is at Palanpur which is also its largest city. The district is
located in the Northeast of Gujarat and is presumably named after the
West Banas River which runs through the valley between Mount Abu
and Aravalli Range, entering into the plains of Gujarat in this region
and flowing towards the Rann of Kutch
Important Industrial Areas
515 Chittaranjan is a census town in Asansol subdivision of
Bardhaman District in the state of West Bengal, India. The Asansol-
Durgapur region is composed of undulating latterite region. This area
lies between two mighty rivers – the Damodar and the Ajay.
Chittaranjan is well known for Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW),
which manufactures mainline electric broad gauge locomotives
516 Perambur is a locality in Northern part of the metropolitan city of
Chennai, Tamil Nadu state, India
517 Gurgaon is the sixth largest city in the Indian state of Haryana.
Gurgaon is the industrial and financial center of Haryana. An important
town in ancient Hindu mythology[citation needed], Gurgaon is one of
Delhi's four major satellite cities and is part of the National Capital
Region of India. According to a survey by Business Today magazine,
Gurgaon is considered the best city in India to work and live in
Favorable tax policy by the Haryana government, pressure from Rajiv
Gandhi to allow private companies to build properties and its proximity
to Indira Gandhi International Airport saw the emergence of Gurgaon
as one of the most prominent outsourcing and offshoring hubs in the
world. Automobile manufacturing, garment manufacturing, world-class
real estate[51] and shopping malls are the other main industries.
Gurgaon and Faridabad together generate over 50% of Haryana's
income tax revenues.
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
518 Kapurthala a city in Punjab state of India. It is the administrative
headquarters of Kapurthala District The City of Kapurthala is well
connected with the main transport routes of the Punjab and Northern
India. It is situated 19 km away toward South-West of its closest
neighbouring city of Jalandhar, a main road and railway junction of the
Punjab region. Nearest international Airport is approximately 66
Kilometers away at Amritsar. Kapurthala is home to several medium-
to-large scale industries. Some of these are the Rail Coach Factory
(see below); JCT Mills Phagwara (a sub-division of Kapurthala district)
which is one of the most successful textile mills in India; SSK, one of
India's oldest and biggest manufacturers of Electrical wiring
accessories, founded in 1935, is also based in Kapurthala . Other
prominent industries include the Oswal Agro (Sugar) Mills and the
Jagatjit Industries Limited (JIL), the latter being set-up under the
patronage of Maharajah of Kapurthala in 1944 and remains one of the
largest breweries of alcoholic beverages and manufacturer of dairy
products in India. Apart from the heavy engineering and ancillary units
coming up in the city to carter the needs of Rail Coach Factory, Agro
processing industries have been in the city from 1950's, these mainly
consist of Oil extraction from oil seeds like sunflower, mustard, cotton
seed and rice bran. There are maximum number of Rice Mills in
Kapurthala city due to its proximity to huge surrounding fertile
agriculture fields. Kapurthala is now a prominent market in Punjab for
buying rice paddy both Basmati & non Basmati rice along with it the
city is a big market for rice - sela rice, parboiled rice, raw rice in both
varieties of Basmati & non Basmati rice. Multinational companies have
finally found this city and the quality and quantity of rice they can get
from this district and therefore all big players have started to enter this
city of royals, this process has increased the hopes of farmers and
traders of the city of getting good bargains for their products and it has
also educated the people how to ake export quality rice and by
products so this city is going to be hot property in the rice trade in
coming times. Kapurthala boasts of having one of the most innovative
large scale hi-tech manufacturing units dedicated to building railway
carriages for Indian Railways. Popularly known as RCF, the Rail
Coach Factory was established in 1986 by the Government of India
and has been important to the district's economy. RCF is located in a
serene and green environment and is ISO 14001 certified.
519 Ranchi is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Jharkhand
accounts for 40% of the mineral resources of India. Ranchi accounts
for 50% mineral production of the state, nearing about 18% of nation's
mineral production. For this reason Ranchi is also called the
Manchester of the East. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand
movement[1] for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar,
northern Orissa, Western West Bengal and the present eastern
Chhattisgarh. Ranchi is located on the southern part of the Chota
Nagpur plateau which forms the eastern edge of the Deccan plateau.
Ranchi is referred to as the “City of Waterfalls”, the most popular
waterfalls are Dasham, Hundru, Jonha Falls, Hirni and Panchghat. The
Subarnarekha river and its tributaries constitute the local river system.
Dams in Kanke, Rukka and Hatia have been built over these channels
to cater to the water requirements of the population. Ranchi has a hilly
topography and its combination with dense tropical forests ensures
that it enjoys a comparatively moderate climate compared to the rest of
the state.
520 Pinjore is a town in Panchkula district in the Indian state of
Haryana The Yadavindra Gardens at Pinjore have terraced gardens,
which feature the Rajasthani Mughal style Shish Mahal, the Rang
Mahal, the cubical Jal Mahal and a series of fountains and waterfalls
521 Kalamaseri
522 Ramchandrapuram
523 Ghatshila is a census town in Purbi Singhbhum district in the
state of Jharkhand, India. The city is located on the bank of the
Subarnarekha River, and is situated in a forested area. It contains a
station on the main line of the South Eastern Railway. Ghathsila was
formerly the headquarters of the Rajas of Dhalbhum whose ancestors
were from royal house of Cuttack(Orissa). Ghatshila is situated on the
banks of Subarnarekha River. Ghatshila is a part of Jharkhand state in
the East Singhbhum District. Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL) is
located at Moubhandar, a mile away. This is the chief employer or
indirect source of income for the people of Ghatshila, Moubhandar,
Musabani and nearby villages. Ghatshila is best known for the HCL
mines because they are Asia's first copper mines[citation needed] and
the world's second deepest mines.
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
524 Debari
525 Belgaum is a city and a municipal corporation in Belgaum district
in the state of Karnataka, India. It is the fourth largest city of the state
of Karnataka, the first three being Bangalore, Mysore and Hubli-
Dharwad. It is situated nearly 2,500 ft (762 m) above sea-level and is
the headquarters of Belgaum district, which borders the states of
Maharashtra and Goa. Belgaum is also headquarters for Belgaum
division. The city is situated in the northwestern parts of Karnataka and
lies at the border of two states, Maharashtra and Goa. It is one of the
oldest towns in the state, lying at a distance of 502 km from
Bangalore;515 km from Hyderabad and 500 km from Mumbai. The
district comprises 1278 villages with an area of 13,415 km² with a
population of around 11 lakh (1100,000). Situated near the foothills of
the Sahyadri mountain range (Western Ghats) at an altitude of about
779m, 100 km from the Arabian Sea with the river Markandeya flowing
nearby, Belgaum exhibits swift and kaleidoscopic changes in
topography, vegetation and climate.
526 Aiwaye
527 Renukoot Renukoot is a town and a nagar panchayat in
Sonbhadra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh Renukoot has
the largest fully integrated aluminium plant in Asia. Renukoot lies in
one of the most important industrial belts of India, which consists of the
cement, aluminium, and chemical industries, as well as hydropower
and thermal power projects. To name a few there exists Hindalco,
India's largest aluminium company, and in the same belt about 40 km
away is India's largest NTPC plant. Another major factory within the
suburbs of the Renukoot city include Kanoria Chemicals and Hi-Tech
Carbon unit of Aditya Birla Nuvo's Birla Carbon. Most of the economy
of Renukoot revolves around Hindalco. More than 60% of the people
live in Hindalco colony and almost all the businesses depends on
these people.
528 Jaykay Nagar
529 Mettur is an industrial Town municipality in Salem district in the
state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is best known for the Mettur Dam Mettur
has a number of industries; an important one is Mettur Chemicals (now
known as Chemplast) which has four large plants manufacturing
chemicals, soaps and industrial gases, and one of the worst polluters
of the neighbourhood, MALCO
530 Korba
531 Damanjodi Damanjodi is a small town in the culturally rich and
beautiful Koraput district in the Indian state of Orissa. It is primarily a
hilly area with outstanding natural beauty and scarce population. A
vast majority of the population of Damanjodi comprises the employees
of National Aluminium Company (NALCO), Asia's largest and the
world's seventh largest producer of aluminium. Most of the population
is cosmopolitan as the employees hail from all parts of the country.
Damanjodi is a valley situated among the panchpatmali hills National
Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO) is Asia's largest integrated
aluminium complex, encompassing bauxite mining (known as the
Panchapatmali mines), alumina refining, aluminium smelting and
casting, power generation, rail and port operations. NALCO is also
involved in community development.
532 Talchar Talcher is a city and a municipality in Anugul district in
the Indian state of Orissa Talcher is known for its coal reserves. It has
numbers of underground and open-cast mines. Dera colliery is the
oldest mine here. The coalfields are managed by Mahanadi Coalfields
Limited (MCL), a subsidiary of Coal India Limited (CIL). According to
the Central Pollution Board, Talcher is the most polluted industrial hub
533 Sindri
534 Ramgundem is a city, and municipal corporation in the
Karimnagar district of northern Andhra Pradesh, India.[1]
Ramagundam is known as City Of Energy. It is located on the banks of
river Godavari It has a population of 473,796 It is the third largest city
in Telangana region after Hyderabad and Warangal. It ranks 92nd[2] in
the country Ramagundam is situated in the Brahmaputra Valley
coalfields and has one of India's largest thermal power stations, run by
NTPC. Ramagundam is considered the Manchester of India in light of
the companies surrounding the area. Some of them are FCI: Fertilizer
Corporation of India, Kesoram Cement, Basanth Nagar, NTPC
(RSTPS - Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station) sourcing 2600
MW of power 24/7 and the APSEB (Andhra Pradesh State Electricity
Board) unit at Ramagundam. Around 24 units of coal mines belt in
Godavarikhani stretching 25 km including opencasts (state of the art
proclainers) are used in these open coal mines.
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
535 Nangal Nangal is a town 60 km from Rupnagar in the state of
Punjab in northwest India. It sits at the foot of the Shiwalik Hills and is
surrounded by beautiful hills, the Satluj River and canals. It is an
important center for The states benefiting from it are Punjab, Haryana,
Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh as well as New Delhi.
536 Namrup
537 Nepanagar Nepanagar is a city and a municipality in Burhanpur
district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Nepanagar is famous
for its newspaper paper mill, Nepa Mills Limited (earlier known as The
National News Print Ltd). It is also notable for its small railway station
on the central railway between Burhanpur and Khandwa.
538 Baroda/Vadodara is the third most-populated city in the Indian
state of Gujarat after Ahmedabad and Surat. It is one of four cities in
the state with a population of over 1 million, Vadodara is located
22°18 ′N 73°11 ′E / in western India at an elevation of 39 metres
(123 feet). It is the 18th largest city in India with an area of 148.95 km²
and a population of 1.6 million according to the 2001 census. The city
sits on the banks of the River Vishwamitri, in central Gujarat the
dominant industrial groups were chemicals and pharmaceuticals,
cotton textiles and machine tools. The establishment of Bank of
Baroda by Sayajirao III in 1908 also help industrial growth. In 1962,
Vadodara witnessed a sudden spurt in industrial activity with the
establishment of Gujarat Refinery and Indian Oil Corporation Limited at
the nearby village of Koyali. Several factors like raw material
availability, product demand, skillful mobilisation of human, financial
and material resources by the government and private entrepreneurs
have contributed to Baroda becoming one of India’s foremost industrial
centres. The discovery of oil and gas in Ankleshwar led to the industrial
development of Gujarat in a big way. The Vadodara region is the
largest beneficiary in the process of this industrialisation. Gujarat
Refinery went into the first phase of production in 1965. The refinery
being a basic industry made vital contributions on several fronts at the
regional and national levels. In Vadodara various large-scale industries
such as Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals (GSFC)[1], Indian
Petrochemicals Corporation Limited (IPCL, now owned by Reliance
Industries Limited) and Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited (GACL)
have come up in the vicinity of Gujarat Refinery and all of them are
dependent on it for their fuel and feedstock. Other large-scale public
sector units are Heavy Water Project, Gujarat Industries Power
Company Limited (GIPCL), Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) &
Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL). In addition to these public sector
enterprises, a number of other large-scale enterprises have come up in
the private sector such as Bombardier Transportation, a Canadian
company manufacturing the Delhi Metro from its site in Savli. Baroda
also has quite a few established manufacturing units such as; General
Motors,ALSTOM, ABB, Philips, Panasonic, FAG, Sterling Biotech, Sun
Pharmaceuticals and Areva T&D.
539 Japla
540 Satna Already done
541 Sawai Madhopur Already done
542 Porbandar Already done
543 Dhariwal Dhariwal is a city and a municipal council in Gurdaspur
district in the state of Punjab, India. Dhariwal is most famous for its
woolen mill. This town is situated on the banks of river Upper bari duab
and is 13 km away from district Gurdaspur on Gurdaspur-Batala
highway.
544 Coimbatore is the second largest city in the South Indian state
of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of the Coimbatore
District and a major textile and engineering hub of South India. It is
referred to as "the Manchester of South India" due to the presence of a
flourishing textile industry. It is a heavily industrialised city with textile
factories, engineering firms, automobile parts manufacturers, health
care facilities and technical educational institutions. The hill stations of
Ooty, Coonnor and Valparai are close to the city making it a good
tourist attraction throughout the year. The city is situated on the banks
of the Noyyal River and is close to the Siruvani Waterfalls mountains
on the west, with reserve forests and the (Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve)
on the northern side. The eastern side of the district, including the city
is predominantly dry. The entire western and northern part of the
district borders the Western Ghats with the Nilgiri biosphere as well as
the Anaimalai and Munnar ranges. A western pass to Kerala, popularly
referred to as the Palghat Gap provides its boundary. Because of its
close proximity to the Western Ghats, the district is rich in fauna.
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
545 Tiruchirapalli city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the
administrative headquarters of Tiruchirapalli District. It is the fourth
largest municipal corporation in Tamil Nadu and also the fourth largest
urban agglomeration in the state. Situated at a distance of 319
kilometres south of Chennai and 402 kilometres north of Kanyakumari
on the national highway NH 45, it is located almost at the geographic
centre of the state The topology of Trichy is flat. It lies at an altitude of
78 m above sea level. The area of the city is 146.90 sq. km while the
urban agglomeration is spread over an area of 180 sq. km. There is
also a plan to increase the area of the corporation to 223 sq. km which
would result in an increase in population of 0.9 million(2001). The river
Kaveri (also called Cauvery) and the river Coleroon (also called
Kollidam) flows through Trichy, the latter forms the northern boundary
of the city. The river Cauvery flows along WNW-SSE direction through
the city.
546 Banglore is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka.
Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a
pensioner's paradise.[5] Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-
eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous
city[6] and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration Bangalore lies in
the southeast of the South Indian state of Karnataka. It is in the heart
of the Mysore Plateau (a region of the larger Precambrian Deccan
Plateau) at an average elevation of 920 mBangalore lies in the
southeast of the South Indian state of Karnataka. It is in the heart of
the Mysore Plateau (a region of the larger Precambrian Deccan
Plateau) at an average elevation of 920 m Bangalore experiences a
tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw) with
distinct wet and dry seasons. Due to its high elevation, Bangalore
usually enjoys a more moderate climate throughout the year, although
occasional heat waves can make things very uncomfortable in the
summer
547 Mysore is the second largest city in the state of Karnataka, India.
It is the headquarters of the Mysore district and the Mysore division
and lies about 146 km (91 mi) southwest of Bangalore, the capital of
Karnataka. has an average altitude of 770 metres (2,526 ft).[23] It is
situated in the southern region of the state of Karnataka, at the base of
the Chamundi Hills Mysore has several lakes, prominent among are
the Kukkarahalli, Karanji and Lingambudhi lakes.
548 Hospet also called Hosapete, is a city in Bellary District in
northern Karnataka, India. Hospet is on the Tungabhadra River, 12 km
from Hampi, the World Heritage site consisting of the ruins of the
medieval city of Vijayanagara, former capital of the Vijayanagar
Empire.
549 Shimoga is a city located in Shivamogga district in the central
part of the state of Karnataka, India. It lies on the banks of the Tunga
River and is the administrative headquarters of the district.
550 Gulbarga is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the
administrative headquarters of Gulbarga District, and of Gulbarga
Division.
551 Machilipatnam is a city and a special grade municipality in the
Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Machilipatnam is located at on
the southeast coast of India and in the east corner of Andhra Pradesh
Machilipatnam gets annual rainfall due to the southwest monsoon. The
climate is tropical in nature with hot summers and moderate winters.
Machilipatnam has many small scale industries. Fashion gold (also
called rolled gold or gold covering) ornaments are made in the town.
Gold Prince, Yasasri gold, National gold,Adarsa gold,Tiruganesh gold,
Uma gold, Hema Sri Gold Covering Works, Raja gold, Fancy gold,
Ravi Teja gold, Mohan gold, Laxmana Gold, Ravi Gold, and USHA
GOLD are among the leading manufacturers of fashion gold in
Machilipatnam. Agriculture is the most important occupation, paddy
being the main food crop produced. Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL),
a unit of the Union Defence Ministry, of the Government of India,
operates a manufacturing unit in Machilipatnam
552 Medak is a municipality in Medak District in the state of Andhra
Pradesh, India. It is 100 km to the north of Hyderabad. Industrialisation
of backward areas of A.P. has brought about major change here.
Hundreds of mid and small scale industries have come up here in
sectors such as, chemicas, pesticides, steel rolls etc.
553 Vijaywada earlier known as Bezawada, is the third largest city in
Andhra Pradesh, India, located on the banks of the Krishna River and
bounded by the Indrakiladri Hills on the West and the Budameru River
on the North. The city is located in the Krishna District, about
275 kilometres (171 mi) from the state capital Hyderabad Vijayawada
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
is bounded by the Indrakiladri Hills on the east and west and the
Budameru River on the north. The Northern, North-Western, and
South-Western parts of the city are covered by a low range of hills,
while the Central, South-Western and North-Western parts are covered
by rich and fertile agriculture lands with three major irrigation canals.
The topography of Vijayawada is flat, with a few small to medium sized
ills. The Krishna River runs through the city. These hills are part of the
Eastern Ghats cut through by the Krishna river
554 Hydrabad
555 Secunderabad
556 Kolhapur is the capital of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It
also goes by sobriquet "City of Pearls".[1] It is largest city in Andhra
Pradesh and the sixth largest in India with a population of 6.38 million.
Hyderabad was founded by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah in 1591 on the
banks of Musi. Situated on the Deccan Plateau, Hyderabad has an
average elevation of about 536 metres above sea level (1,607 ft).[15]
Most of the area has a rocky terrain and some areas are hilly. Crops
are commonly grown in the surrounding paddy fields.[16] The original
city of Hyderabad was founded on the banks of river Musi.[17] Now
known as the historic Old City, home to the Charminar and Mecca
Masjid, it lies on the southern bank of the river. The heart of the city
saw a shift to the north of the river, with the construction of many
government buildings and landmarks there, especially south of the
Hussein Sagar lake Hyderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate that
borders on a semi-arid climate, with hot summers Hyderabad is the
financial, economic and political capital of the state of Andhra Pradesh.
The city is the largest contributor to the state's gross domestic product,
state tax and excise revenues. Hyderabad ranks 93rd (as of 2008) in
the List of richest cities in the world by GDP (PPP)
557 Solapur in South Eastern Maharashtra, India near the Karnataka
border and is the administrative headquarters of Solapur District.
Solapur is one of the four districts that form the region of Eastern
Maharashtra (the other three districts are Satara, Kolhapur and Sangli.
It is the fourth largest district in Maharashtra in terms of land area
(behind Ahmednagar, Pune and Nagpur) and seventh largest in terms
of population.[1] Solapur is a melting point with a confluence of
Kannada, Marathi and Telugu cultures Solapur falls under the category
of Dry (arid and Semiarid) Climate according to the Köppen climate
classification. The city experiences three distinct seasons: summer,
monsoon and winter
558 Sangli is a city in the state Maharashtra of India,about 390
kilometers southeast of Mumbai. Sangli is known as the Turmeric city
and the Sugar Belt of India. Sangli is situated on the banks of river
Krishna and is the largest market place for Turmeric in Asia, and
houses over 30 sugar factories. Sangli has a semi-arid climate
559 Nagpur is a city in the state of Maharashtra, and is the largest
city in the central India and also the third largest city by population in
the state of Maharashtra. Nagpur lies on the Deccan plateau of the
Indian Peninsula and has a mean altitude of 310 meters above sea
level. The underlying rock strata is covered with alluvial deposits
resulting from the flood plain of the Kanhan River. As it is located at
centre of Indian peninsula far from Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea,
Nagpur has a tropical wet and dry climate with dry conditions prevailing
for most of the year
560 Nashik is a city in Maharashtra, India. Nashik is located in the
northwest of Maharashtra, 180 km from Mumbai and 202 km from
Pune. Nashik, which has been referred to as the "Wine Capital of
India",[2] is located in the Western Ghats, on the western edge of the
Deccan peninsula on the banks of the Godavari. Nashik is located in
northern Maharashtra at 600m (1 968 ft)[10] from the mean sea level.
The river Godavari originates from Trimbakeshwar (24 km from
Nashik) and flows through various parts of the city. The river forms the
northern boundary of the city in some areas and then flows through the
old residential settlement in the city. The city has a semi-arid climate
under the Koppen climate classification.
561 Pune is the eighth largest city and seventh largest metropolis in
India, and the second largest in the state of Maharashtra, after Mumbai
Pune is located 560 m (1,840 ft) above sea level on the western
margin of the Deccan plateau. It is situated on the leeward side of the
Sahyadri mountain range (the Western Ghats), which separate it from
the Arabian sea. Pune has a tropical wet and dry climate with average
temperatures ranging between 20 to 28 °C
562 Jalgaon is a city in western India, to the north of the Maharashtra
state in Jalgaon District, which itself is located on the northern Deccan
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
Plateau. Located within the productive, irrigated agricultural region of
Khandesh, Jalgaon is a municipal corporation. Jalgaon is also the
hometown of the Smt. Pratibha Patil, President of India. Jalgaon is a
prominent industry center in pipe manufacturing, pulse milling,
biofertilizer production and mattress manufacturing. Jalgaon is a
significant collection and distribution center of agricultural goods and
agriculture input industry (including biofertilizers). The leading products
are jowar and raw cotton and banana; the region's rich volcanic soil is
particularly well-suited to cotton production. Jalgaon is an important
center for cotton-textile and vegetable-oil mills, particularly groundnut-
oil and hydrogenation plants. Jalgaon is also well known for banana
production. The city is also famous for its gold market which has
reputation of being pure. The Jalgaon city surrounded by various well
known and reputed industries like irrigation, pipe, forging, cloths.
Jalgaon is nowadays becoming a well trading centre of Maharashtra
and a leading producer of sugarcane. This year the sugar production
has increased. The onion dehydration plant in Jalgaon has annual
onion dehydration capacity of 10,000 tonnes, which is about 15 per
cent of the total exports of dehydrated onions from India.
563 Ahmedabad is the sixth largest metropolitan city in India, with a
population of approximately 6.1 million.[3] Located on the banks of the
River Sabarmati, the city is the administrative centre of Ahmedabad
district and was the capital of Gujarat from 1960 to 1970; the capital
was shifted to Gandhinagar thereafter Ahmedabad has a hot semi-arid
climate (Köppen climate classification BSh). There are three main
seasons: summer, monsoon and winter Ahmedabad has a thriving
chemicals and pharmaceuticals industry. Two of the biggest
pharmaceutical companies of India — Zydus Cadila and Torrent
Pharmaceuticals — are based in the city. The city serves as the
corporate headquarters of the Adani Group, which is a leading
multinational trading and infrastructure development company. The
Nirma group of industries, which runs a large number of detergent and
chemical industrial units, has its corporate headquarters in the city. In
recent year many foreign companies have set up their sales offices
and production facilities in Ahmedabad. Amongst them are Bosch
Rexroth, Germany (hydraulic components); Stork, Netherlands (textile
machinery; joint venture with ATE, India's leading textile equipment
trading house); Rollepaal, Netherlands (pipe extrusion equipment); and
Johnson Pumps, Sweden. The completion and operation of the Sardar
Sarovar Project of dams and canals has improved the supply of
potable water and electricity for the city. In recent years, the Gujarat
government has increased investment in the modernisation of the city's
infrastructure, providing for the construction of larger roads and
improvements to water supply, electricity and communications. The
information technology industry has developed significantly in
Ahmedabad.[39] A NASSCOM survey in 2002 on the "Super Nine
Indian Destinations" for IT-enabled services ranked Ahmedabad fifth
among the top nine most competitive cities in the country.[20] City is
the largest supplier of denim and one of the largest exporters of
Gemstone and Jewellery in India
564 Aurangabad is a city in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra,
India. Aurangabad (meaning "Built by the Throne") is named after the
Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. The city is a tourist hub, surrounded with
many historical monuments, including the Ajanta Caves and Ellora
Caves, which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as well as Bibi Ka
Maqbara. The administrative headquarters of the Aurangabad Division
or Marathwada region, Aurangabad is said to be a City of Gates and
the strong presence of these can be felt as one drives through the city.
Aurangabad is also one of the fastest growing cities in the world.
Aurangabad features a semiarid climate under the Koppen climate
classification.
565 Adilabad is a town and a municipality in Adilabad district in the
state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It has an average elevation of
264 metres (866 feet). 'Bold textAdilabad district also consists of many
landscapes like Kuntala Waterfalls,Sahyadri mountains,rivers like the
Godavari,Penaganga,Pranahitha etc
566 Jamnagar is a city and a municipal corporation in Jamnagar
district in the Indian state of Gujarat. The city was built up substantially
by Maharaja Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji in the 1920s, when the district was
known as Nawanagar. The district lies just to the south of the Gulf of
Kutch. Jamnagar has shot to prominence as Reliance Industries,
India's largest private company, established the world's largest refinery
near Moti Khavdi village.[1] It is also home to Essar Oil, another
important oil refinery of India, Essar Oil Refinery, Vadinar.[2] The city is
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
also known for featuring India’s only Ayurvedic university. has a lake
called Lakhota lake which is very popular. Jamnagar is today known as
'Oil City' because the world's biggest oil refinery belonging to Reliance
Industries and a smaller one belonging to Essar Oil are located in
Jamnagar. It was earlier known as 'Brass City', the city housing more
than 5,000 large scale and 10,000 small scale units manufacturing
brass items in and around the industrial estates of Shankar Tekari,
Udhyognagar, M P Shah Udhyognagar and Dared.[5] Nearly 200 tons
of brass goods are produced in this area daily.
567 Bhavnagar is a city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It was founded
in 1723 AD by Bhavsinhji Gohil (1703-64 AD) and was named after its
founder and ruler. It was capital of Bhavnagar State which was the first
princely state to merge with the democratic Indian Union in 1948. It is
currently the administrative headquarters of the Bhavnagar District. It is
the fifth-largest city of Gujarat, and the second-largest city in the
Saurashtra region. Bhavnagar is also known as the cultural capital of
Saurashtra. Bhavnagar is a coastal city in the eastern coast of
Saurashtra, Bhavnagar has a semi-arid climate, with hot, dry summers
from March to mid-June, the wet monsoon season from mid-June to
October Industrial development in Bhavnagar district could be
attributed to the presence of a large number of diamond cutting and
polishing units, salt and marine chemicals, plastics, ship building, and
breaking industries. Bhavnagar is an important center for the diamond
cutting and polishing industry in Gujarat as well as India Bhavnagar’s
commercial importance is enhanced by its proximity with the Gulf of
Cambay and the Arabian Sea.Bhavnagar is the largest producer of
salt, with 34,500 tons of salt being produced annually in the district.
Alang ship breaking yard is the biggest in the world, recycling about
50% of the salvaged ships of the world. This has also helped
developing supporting industries, such as Oxygen bottling plants, re-
rolling mills and induction furnaces. Bhavnagar manufactures FRP
(Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic) boats and steel vessels at ship building
facility of Alcock Ashdown (Gujarat) Ltd. The prominent industries
located in Bhavnagar are Alcock Ashdown (Government of Gujarat
Undertaking), Tamboli Castings Limited., Excel, SteelCast Bhavnagar,
Investment & Precision Castings etc. Ruvapari Road and Nari Road
are areas where most industries are clustered.
568 Bharuch is today is a large seaport city of more than a million
inhabitants and a municipality in the Bharuch district, in the state of
Gujarat, India. As a trading depot, the limitations of coastal shipping
made it a regular terminus via several mixed trade routes of the fabled
spice and silk trading between East and West, so that it became
known to history by various names such as Bharakuccha, Bhrigu
Kaksha (the domain of Bhrigu, an ancient Indian sage), Bhroach, as
well as Bhrauch. Bharuch has always been prosperous because of its
location on the Narmada River
569 Junagarh Junagarh is a town and a notified area committee in
Kalahandi district in the Indian state of Orissa. It was the capital of the
former state of Kalahandi. Junagarh is 26 km from Bhawanipatna,
connecting National Highway 201.
570 Rajkot is the 4th largest city in the state of Gujarat, India. Rajkot
is the 28th urban agglomeration in India located on the bank of Aji
River and Nyari River which remains dry except the monsoon months
of July to September. The city is spread in the area of 104.86 km²
Rajkot has a semiarid climate, with hot, dry summers from mid-March
to mid-June and the wet monsoon season from mid-June to October,
when the city receives 500 mm of rain on average. Rajkot is home to
numerous national landmarks and is one of the most popular tourist
destinations in the India. The Jubilee Garden is a large, open park area
in the center of the city featuring many monuments to colonial time.
Located prominently in the center of the garden is the Connaught Hall.
Other notable points of interest near the Garden include the historic
Mohandas Gandhi High School, Kaba Gandhi No Delo (Mohandas
Gandhi's childhood residence), Rashtriya Shala, Watson Museum,
Lang Library and Rotary Midtown Library. The city contributes to the
economy of the state with heavy and small scale industries under the
patronage of Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation (GIDC) and
Gujarat State Financial Corporation (GSFC). The economy of Rajkot
got another shot in the arm with 28 crore World Bank aid for
development of infrastructure of the city. Many a renowned business
houses made a beeline for grabbing the property market in the city,
before it skyrockets. The plans are already in place to beautify and
modernize the ancient city, including a Rock Garden, ala Chandigarh.
Another 25 crore project to rebuild the Kaiser-e-Hind, the only major
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 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
bridge linking to the city, is already nearing completion. All such
infrastructure development will add to the economic wealth and
promote the local business houses.
571 Ahmedabad Already done
572 Jodhpur is the second largest city in the Indian state of
Rajasthan. It was formerly the seat of a princely state of the same
name, the capital of the kingdom known as Marwar. Jodhpur is a
popular tourist destination, featuring many palaces, forts and temples,
set in the stark landscape of the Thar desert The city is known as the
Sun City for the bright, sunny weather it enjoys all year. It is also
referred to as the Blue City due to the blue-painted houses around the
Mehrangarh Fort. Jodhpur lies near the geographic centre of
Rajasthan state, which makes it a convenient base for travel in a
region much frequented by tourists. The old city of Jodhpur is
surrounded by a thick stone wall. The climate of Jodhpur is generally
hot and arid but with a rainy season from late June to September
(Köppen BWhw). The Handicrafts industry has in recent years eclipsed
all other industries in the city. By some estimates, the furniture export
segment is a $200 million industry, directly or indirectly employing as
many as 200,000 people. Other items manufactured include textiles,
metal utensils, bicycles, ink and sporting goods. A flourishing cottage
industry exists for the manufacture of such items as glass bangles,
cutlery, carpets and marble products. After handicrafts, tourism is the
second largest industry of Jodhpur. Crops grown in the district include
wheat and the famous Mathania red chillies. Gypsum and salt are
mined. The city serves as an important marketplace for wool and
agricultural products. The Indian Air Force, Indian Army and Border
Security Force maintain training centres at Jodhpur
573 Alwar Alwar is a city and administrative headquarters of Alwar
District in the state of Rajasthan, India. It is a part of National Capital
Region (NCR) and is located around 160 km south of Delhi, and about
150 km north of Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan. Alwar contains many
interesting and historical monuments. The city has a beautiful lake and
a picturesque valley. The Sariska Tiger Reserve is located in the
Aravalli hills only a few kilometres away from Alwar. The sanctuary,
which is a Project Tiger reserve, also boasts of many other species,
including rare birds and plants. The military cantonment of Itarana lies
on the outskirts of Alwar
574 Rewari is a city and a municipal council in Rewari district in the
Indian state of Haryana. It is located in south-west Haryana around
85 km from the Indian capital New Delhi. Rewari, the land of
Ahirs/Yadavs, is a city of historical importance The economy of Rewari
was mainly agrarian until recently and continues to be so in most of the
district. The traditional industries are brass metalwork and ornamental
shoes (tilledar jooti). Slates and stones are mined in Arvali range in
western part of the district. Salary and pension of a large number of
servicemen contribute to the economy of villages Rewari is famous for
its traditional metalwork, particularly brass work. The Brass Industry
was started in Rewari during the medieval period, some times in 1535,
with the help of Portuguese. During Hemu's period Guns/Canons were
casted in Rewari for Sher Shah Suri's army. Hemu had also dealt in
Gun Powder, which he used to import from Portuguese and supplied to
Afghan army.If anybody needs some of the best brass work in the
world, Rewari is the place to find it.[citation needed] The main markets
of Rewari have shops that sell brass utensils and brass artistic works.
Along with Moradabad, Rewari is the brass hub of India. Main article:
Rewari metal work.Rewari is also famous for its cottage industries,
small-scale industries and medium & large integrated units. In Rewari
Non-Ferrous Industries are producing India's best quality of cold rolled
Copper Brasses sheets, plates, colis & foils. Rewari has kept the
traditional art of Tilledar Jooti alive. People from various locations
come here to purchase Tilledar Jootis. Huge deposits of quartzite and
slate in shades of green, black, and brown are found in the Aravali
ranges of Rewari district nearer to Narnaul and mined extensively. The
mining is open cast. Rewari also has emerged as a new industrial
township. The district has three modern developed industrial areas:
Dharuhera and Bawal on Delhi-Jaipur national highway and Rewari
along Rewari-Dharuhera road. Companies like Hero Honda, Sony,
YKK, Suraj Maltings, Exide, TVS, Anantraj Industries, National Metal &
Engg. Works, JGB Industries and many metal processors have set up
manufacturing units.
575 Bhilwara Bhilwara is the city in Mewar region of Rajasthan,
India, 600 km from Delhi. It is the administrative seat of Bhilwara
District. The major industry is textiles, with more than 400
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
manufacturing units in the town. There is also a huge cloth market. The
main textile product is synthetic fabric used in trousers. The city is a
market for mica, grains, cotton, and wool. Its manufactures include
textiles and metalware
576 Amritsar is a city in the northwestern part of India and is the
administrative headquarters of Amritsar district Langar in the state of
Punjab, India Amritsar has a warm continental climate, typical of
Northwestern India and experiences four seasons
577 Ludhiana
578 Hisar
579 Bhiwani is one of the 21 districts of Haryana state in northern
India. Bhiwani was created on 22 December, 1972. The district
headquarter is situated in Bhiwani town. The district comprises five
sub-divisions: Bhiwani, Dadri, Loharu, Siwani and Tosham. These sub-
divisions are further divided into six tehsils: Bhiwani, Dadri, Loharu,
Siwani, Bawani Khera and Tosham.
580 Sonipat Also spelled as Sonepat, is an ancient town and a
municipal council in Sonipat district in the state of Haryana, India. It is
believed that it was founded as Suvarnaprastha by the five Pandava
brothers during the times of Mahabharata In Sonipat there are a few
companies which have been present for a long time now. When the car
company Maruti was less well known, more than 95% of India's
vehicle-owning population owned a bicycle. It was at this time that
Sonipat was the home of one of the biggest cycle manufacturer - Atlas
cycle.
581 Panipat is an ancient and historic city in Panipat district,
Haryana state, India. It is 90 km from Delhi on NH-1 and comes under
the National Capital Region of Delhi. Three battles fought at the city
were turning points in Indian historyPanipat is situated on Shershah
Suri Marg (now known as G.T. road or NH-1), 90 KM north of Delhi. On
three sides, Panipat district boundaries touch other districts of Haryana
- Karnal in the north, Jind in the west and Sonipat in the south. Panipat
district borders the state of Uttar Pradesh across Yamuna in the east.
Panipat is a city of textiles and carpets. It is the biggest centre for
quality blankets and carpets in India and has a handloom weaving
industry. The "Achar Pachranga" is a well known Indian pickle
produced since 1925. Some salient features of industry in Panipat
include: Three major public sector projects: the Indian Oil Corporation
oil refinery, the National Fertilizers Limited plant and the thermal power
station. Biggest centre in the country for producing shoddy (recycled)
yarn, and a large consumer of rags for reprocessing. Biggest centre in
the country for producing low priced blankets, a traditional supplier of
barrack blankets to the armed forces. Biggest centre in the country
engaged in export of cotton durries, made-ups, throws and mats.
Samalkha, a small town near Panipat, is known for foundry work and
supply of agricultural machinery to neighbouring Uttar Pradesh.
Relatively high wages compared to the Indian national average - a
worker earns Rs.300/- to 450/- per day on Handloom/ Powerloom. The
town has infrastructure such as rail, road and inland container depots
well suited to industry and export.
582 Faridabad It is bounded by the National Capital Territory of Delhi
on its north, Gurgaon District on the west, and Uttar Pradesh state on
its east and south. Delhi-Mathura National Highway-2 (Shershah Suri
Marg) passes through the centre of the district. The city is located on
the plains of the Yamuna river. It is bordered by the Yamuna to the
east and Aravali Hills towards the west and southwest. Today, virtually
all of the land has been developed with residential housing as the
population of the city swelled during the mid 90s. Much like the rest of
India, the people of Faridabad rely on ground water for their basic
needs which is the gift of good monsoon season. Faridabad is a
massive economic engine for Haryana.Faridabad and Gurgaon
generate over 50% of the income tax to the Haryana government.
Faridabad is the industrial heart of Haryana. It is home to hundreds of
large scale companies like JCB,Escorts,Yamaha, Knorr
Bremse,ACE,ABB etc.
583 Gaziabad is a planned industrial city in the Indian state of Uttar
Pradesh. It is 19 km east of Delhi and 46 km southwest of Meerut. The
city houses the headquarters of the Ghaziabad district. It was initially
part of the Meerut district after independence, till the time when — due
to political intervention — Ghaziabad was separated and given a new
district status. It is a large industrial city well-connected by roads and
railways. It has industries that Maintenance of electric locomotive &
EMU Trains, manufacture railway Wagons, bicycles, tapestries,
glassware, pottery, paint and varnish, heavy chains, etc. Also It has an
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
ordinance factory at Muradnagar & Bharat Electronics Limited for
manufacturing defense products Ghaziabad is situated about 2.5 km
from the Hindon river. On the north it is bound by the district of Meerut,
on the south by that of Bulandshahar and Gautambudh Nagar, on the
south-west by Delhi and on the east by the district Jyotibaphule Nagar.
As its boundary is adjacent to Delhi, it acts as the main entrance to
Uttar Pradesh and hence is also called the Gateway of Uttar Pradesh.
Ganga, Yamuna and [Hindon River|[Hindon]] are the main rivers
flowing through the district and they are filled with water throughout the
year. Other than these there are some small rain-fed rivers, prominent
among them is the Kali river. As it is connected to National capital
Delhi, its temperature and rainfall are similar to Delhi. Rajasthan's dust
storms and snowfall in the Himalayas, Kumaon and Garhwal hills
name their impact in the weather regularly. The monsoon arrives in the
district during the end of the June or the first week of July and normally
it rains till October. As in other districts of northern India mainly three
seasons- summer, winter and rainy prevail here but sometimes due to
severe snowfall in the Himalayas and Kumaon Hills adverse weather
can also seen
584 Kasauli Kasauli is a small cantonment town in Solan district in
the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The town is the home of the
Kasauli Brewery, which is the highest brewery and distillery in the
world. The cantonment was established in 1842 by the British colonial
rulers as a hill station. Located 77 km from Shimla, 65 km from
Chandigarh and 50 km from Panchkula at a height of 1800 meters, it
still retains the old world charms and is a throwback to the past.
585 Chandigarh is a union territory of India, that serves as the capital
of two states, Punjab and Haryana. Chandigarh is located near the
foothills of the Shivalik range of the Himalayas in Northwest India. It
covers an area of approximately 44 sq mi or 114 km². and shares its
borders with the states of Haryana in the east and Punjab in the north,
west and south .The government is a major emplo yer in Chandigarh
with three governments having their base here. A significant
percentage of Chandigarh’s population therefore consists of people
who are either working for one of these governments or have retired
from government service. For this reason, Chandigarh is often called a
“Pensioner's Paradise”.
586 Meerut is a metropolitan city and a municipal corporation in
Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh Meerut has very hot
summers and very cold winters. Temperature in summers can reach
48 degree Celsius. Summers last from April to July. Visibility is almost
zero during November to January due to fog. Lowest temperature
recorded is 0.5 degrees. Rainfall is good and about 80 cm to 100 cm
per annum, which is suitable for growing crops Meerut lies between
28.2 latitudes and 77.7 longitudes in the northern plains of India. The
ground is not rocky and there are no mountains. Land is suitable for
growing crops. Meerut lies between plains of rivers Ganga and
Yamuna, there is no water scarcity as ground water is present Meerut
is famous as an industrial city. It is a rich agriculture area with such
pockets of land that do not fit in for crop purpose. Being in the
proximity of Delhi, it is ideal for industry. Existing industries: Textile,
Transformer, Sugar, Distillery, Chemical, Engineering, Paper, Sports
Goods Manufacturing; Prospective Industries: IT, ITES. Uttar Pradesh
State Industrial Development Corporation (UPSIDC) already has two
industrial estates in Meerut, namely Partapur and Udyog Puram.
Mohkampur industrial area is a private initiative. Paschimanchal Vidyut
Vitran Nigam Ltd has unrestricted power at Partapur, Udyogpuram and
Mohkampur industrial areas.
587 Aligarh is a city in Aligarh District in the northern Indian state of
Uttar Pradesh. The city is located about 90 miles (140 km) southeast of
New Delhi. The city is situated in the middle portion of Doab, or the
land between the Ganges and Yamuna Rivers. The Grand Trunk Road
passes through the city. Aligarh has a monsoon influenced humid
subtropical climate. Aligarh City is famous as an industrial city. It is
also known as Taala Nagari (Locks City of India). The second Largest
Lock Manufacturer of Locks in India Link Locks is based in the City. An
approximation puts the total number of industries at 25,000 which
constitute of both Small scale & Large Scale Industries
588 Saharanpur
589 Moradabad
590 Bareilly
591 Rae Baraeli
592 Naini Naini is a satellite locality/township of the city of Allahabad,
Uttar Pradesh, India in the south-east. Naini is located on the banks of
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
River Yamuna opposite Allahabad City. To the north across Ganga, is
Jhusi, which is a part of Allahabad itself. There is no direct path or
roadways to Jhusi from Naini. Some of the most reputed industries of
their times were in Naini: Indian Telephone Industries Limited (ITI)
Bharat Pumps and Compressors Limited (BPC) Triveni Structurals
Limited (TSL) Areva T&D India Ltd. SAIL cotton Mills subsidiary of
Centeral Govt. Raymond has also started a polyester plant in Naini.
COD: One of the Central Government's Arms and Ammunition Depot is
located at Cheoki, Naini.
593 Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh in India.[8] Lucknow
is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow
Division. Situated in the heart of the great Gangetic plain, Lucknow
city is surrounded by its rural towns and villages like the orchard town
of Malihabad, historic Kakori, Mohanlal ganj, Gosainganj, Chinhat,
Itaunja. On its eastern side lies Barabanki District, on the western side
is Unnao District, on the southern side Raebareli District, and on the
northern side the Sitapur and Hardoi districts. The Gomti River, the
chief geographical feature, meanders through the city, dividing it into
the Trans-Gomti and Cis-Gomti regions. Lucknow city is located in the
seismic zone III Lucknow has a warm humid subtropical climate with
cool, dry winters from December to February and dry, hot summers
from April to June. Lucknow is not only a major market & trading city in
Northern India, but is also an emerging hub for producers of goods and
services. Being the capital of Uttar Pradesh state, the Government
departments and the public sector undertakings are the principal
employers of the salaried middle class. Liberalization has created
many more opportunities in the business and service sector and self-
employed professionals are burgeoning in the city. Lucknow also
provides a good catchment area for the recruitment of quality
personnel by information technology companies for the BPO. The city
is the headquarters of both the Small Industries Development Bank of
India (SIDBI) and the Pradeshiya Industrial and Investment
Corporation of Uttar Pradesh (PICUP). The Regional office of the Uttar
Pradesh State Industries Development Corporation (UPSIDC) is also
located here. The other business-promoting institutions that have a
presence in Lucknow are the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and
Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII).
594 Allahabad It is one of four sites of the mass Hindu pilgrimage
Kumbh Mela, the others being Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik. It has a
position of importance in Hindu scriptures for it is situated at the
confluence, known as Triveni Sangam, of the holy rivers Ganges and
Yamuna, and Hindu belief says that the invisible Sarasvati River also
joins here Allahabad stands at a strategic point both geographically
and culturally. An important part of the Ganges-Yamuna Doab region,
it is the last point of the Yamuna River and is the last frontier of the
Indian west. The land of the Allahabad district that falls between the
Ganges and Yamuna is just like the rest of Doab, fertile but not too
moist, and is especially suitable for the cultivation of wheat. The non-
doabi parts of the district, which are the southern and eastern part of
the district, are somewhat similar to those of adjoining Bundelkhand
and Bagelkhand regions - dry and rocky. Allahabad features the
atypical version of a humid subtropical climate.
595 Kanpur
596 Indore is a major city and commercial center of the state of
Madhya Pradesh in central India. Indore is located in the western
region of Madhya Pradesh, on the southern edge of the Malwa
plateau, on the Saraswati and Khan rivers, which are tributaries of the
Shipra River. Indore has an average elevation of 550 metre above sea
level. It is located on an elevated plain, with the Yadri range to the
south. Indore has a transitional climate between a tropical wet and dry
climate and a humid subtropical climate.
597 Ratlam known historically as Ratnapuri, is a city in the Malwa
region in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. The town of Ratlam
lies 480 m above sea level. It is the administrative headquarters of
Ratlam District. Ratlam, like most of Madhya Pradesh, has a
transitional climate between a tropical wet and dry and a humid sub-
tropical climate.
598 Hoshangabad It is a city in the central india region, located on
the south bank of the Narmada River, and is the administrative center
of Hoshangabad District. Hoshangabad is well connected by road and
rail from the state capital, Bhopal and it is about 70 km away from it. It
is connected by rail with all major cities of the state. One of its tehsils,
Itarsi is linked with all major cities of the country due to junction of main
railway routes of the country. It is 18 km from the district head-quarter.
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 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
From Itarsi, one can reach Pachmarhi via Pipariya, which is 64 km by
train. Sethani Ghat is an important land mark of the city, on the banks
of River Narmada. It is about 7 KM downstream from the confluence of
Tawa and Narmada rivers.Sethani Ghat is an important land mark of
the city, on the banks of River Narmada. It is about 7 KM downstream
from the confluence of Tawa and Narmada rivers.
599 Jabalpur is a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India.
Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of Jabalpur district and
Jabalpur division. Jabalpur is located in the Mahakaushal region in the
geographic center of India. Jabalpur is one of the largest cities in
Madhya Pradesh. Jabalpur was the 27th largest urban conurbation in
India in 2001 (2001 Census)[1]. Jabalpur is one of the highest income
tax paying cities in India since the headquarters of many important
Central & State Departments are situated there and thousands of
government employees are employed. Jabalpur also houses the
Madhya Pradesh High Court. It was called Sanskardhani by Vinoba
Bhave. The exceptional Topography of Jabalpur with hills all around
the city gives it a picturesque setting. Some Hindi movies like Jis desh
main ganga behti hai, Ashoka etc. have been shot here. The
picturesque setting though is a nightmare for town planners and
developers Jabalpur has a sub-tropical climate, more specifically a
humid subtropical climate Jabalpur district with River Narmada bringing
in fresh water from the Vindyachal Ranges has developed into an
agrarian economy.
600 Raipur is the capital city of the state of Chhattisgarh, India. The
population is 1,560,667 (as per census of India, 2001). The city is the
administrative headquarters of Raipur District. It was formerly a part of
Madhya Pradesh before the state of Chhattisgarh was formed on
November 1, 2000. A city, Naya Raipur is being developed near
Raipur. The new city of Raipur is located near the centre of a large
plain, sometimes referred as the "rice bowl of India", where hundreds
of varieties of rice are grown. The Mahanadi River flows to the east of
the city of Raipur, and the southern side has dense forests. The Maikal
Hills rise on the north-west of Raipur; on the north, the land rises and
merges with the Chota Nagpur Plateau, which extends north-east
across Jharkhand state. On the south of Raipur lies the Baster
Plateau. Raipur has a tropical wet and dry climate, temperatures
remain moderate throughout the year
601 Durg Durg is a city located in Chhattisgarh state, Central India. It
is located just east of the Seonath River and is part of the Durg-Bhilai
urban agglomeration. The city is an agricultural market and is heavily
engaged in milling rice and pigeon peas. Durg gained importance as
an industrial centre after the establishment of a large steel plant at
Bhilai. Industries include brass working and bell-metal working, oil
pressing, mining, and weaving. It is the headquarters of Durg District,
the third largest district of Chattisgarh. The District occupies the
southwestern part of the Upper Sheonath-Mahanadi valley and the
bordering hills in the south and southwest. Physiographically, the
District can be divided into two divisions, viz. the C.G. plain and the
Southern plateau. The Chhattisgarh plain occupies the largest area in
the District. The general slope of the district comes under Mahanadi
river slope and is towards the north and north east and locally in some
places towards east. The main rivers of Mahanadi are Sheonath,
Kharun, Tandula, Kharkhara and Aamner
602 Cuttack
603 Phulbani is a town and a municipality in Kandhamal district in
the Indian state of Orissa. It is the administrative headquarters of
Kandhamal district. It has an average elevation of 485 metres
(1591 feet). It is located 211 km from Bhubaneshwar, the capital of
Orissa. Nearest railway station is Berhampur 165 km from here. The
region around Phulbani has a variety of flora and fauna. It is a place
surrounded by hills and has a lot of small and big waterfalls around it.
Phulbani is surrounded by river Salunki. Phulbani also has a Farm for
research activities of Orissa Horticulture and research on silk moths.
The farm host a varied collection of Guava Plants found rarely
elsewhere. It is famous for the production of good quality turmeric.
River Pila Salunki is heart of this regions agriculture, but due to lack of
water this region has never been a success with agriculture. Mostly the
economy is centered around wild plants and herbs
604 Muri
605 Dhanbad is a city in the state of Jharkhand, and is also known as
the 'Coal Capital of India'. Dhanbad is the 79th fastest growing city in
world.[1] According to the 2001 census, Dhanbad is among the 35
cities of India with a population of more than one million Dhanbad is
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
famous for coal mining. Tata Steel, BCCL, ECL and IISCO are some of
the companies having coal mines in the district. Coal-mining, coal
washing, and coke making are the main coal related industries in the
city. IISCO (Indian Iron And Steel Company) is now owned by SAIL,
while BCCL & Eastern Coalfields Limited are subsidiaries of CIL (Coal
India Limited); these two companies are the largest operators of coal
mines in Dhanbad, and have open cast mines as well as underground
mines, whereas Tata Steel has mostly underground mines. Dhanbad
is famous for its coal mines and industrial establishments; it has 112
coal mines.
606 Dalmianagar is one of the oldest and biggest industrial towns in
India. It is situated at Dehri-on-Sone on the banks of the Son River in
Rohtas district of Bihar.
607 Asansol a coal mining & industrial metropolis and one of the
busiest commercial centers in India, is the second largest city in West
Bengal after Kolkata [1]. It is in Asansol subdivision located in
Bardhaman District, in the western periphery of the state. It has a large
work force, moderately high per capita income, educational
establishments, good transport connections, several housing
complexes, and land suitable for industry, institutions, transport and
commerce. Its hinterland is Bankura and Purulia districts and North
Bengal, linked to parts of Orissa and Jharkhand states. The city's
economy is based on the coal and steel industries. Situated in the
Damodar River valley, the city has evolved and expanded over time to
a population of one million, ranking it 23rd in India. It is located about
200 km from Kolkata. Asansol is in the heart of the coal country.
Ranigunj coalfields cover an area of 1530 km². Although it is spread
over four districts of West Bengal – Bardhaman, Birbhum, Bankura and
Purulia – and a part of Dhanbad district (Jharia coalfields are also in
that district) of Jharkhand, the heart of Ranigunj Coalfields lies in the
Asansol region. Pandaveswar, Kajora, Jhanjra Bankola, Kenda,
Sonepur, Kunustoria, Satgram, Sripur, Sodepur and Salanpur are the
major coal areas around Asansol.
608 Jorhat is one of the largest town in the Indian state of Assam has
an average elevation of 116 metres (381 ft). In the north of the district,
the Brahmaputra River forms the largest riverine island of the world,
Majuli, which spreads over 924.6 square kilometres with a population
of about 150,000. The island, threatened by constant erosion by the
mighty and unstable Brahmaputra River
609 Tinsukia Tinsukia is a city and a municipal board in Tinsukia
district in the Indian state of Assam
610 Ratnagiri is a port city on the Arabian Sea coast in Ratnagiri
district[1] in the southwestern part of Maharashtra, India. The district is
a part of Konkan. he Sahyadri mountains border Ratnagiri to the east.
Heavy rainfall results in highly eroded landscape in the coastal region,
but fertile alluvial valleys in the region produce abundant rice,
coconuts, cashew nuts, and fruits, "Hāpus" (Alphonso) mangoes being
one of the main fruits. Fishing is an important industry in Ratnagiri
611 Pimpri is a city in the Pune district in the Indian state of
Maharashtra. Pimpri-Chinchwad is a major industrial hub and hosts
one of the biggest industrial zones in Asia. The industrial estates in the
city were established by the MIDC. The city is home to the Indian
operations of major automobile companies like Premier Limited,
Mahindra Navistar, Bajaj Auto, BEL Optronic Devices Ltd, TATA
Motors (formerly TELCO), Kinetic Engineering, Force Motors (formerly
Bajaj Tempo) and DaimlerChrysler. The city is also home to India's
premier antibiotics research institute Hindustan Antibiotics Limited. In
addition to this, several heavy industries such as Forbes-Marshall,
ThyssenKrupp and Alfa Laval & Sandvik Asia have their manufacturing
units in the city and also the German company KSB Pumps. "Rajiv
Gandhi Infotech Park" hosts several Software and Information
Technology majors like IBM India, KPIT Cummins, Tata Technologies,
Infosys, Wipro, Geometric etc.
612 Avadi is a town and a municipality in Thiruvallur district in the
state of Tamil Nadu.
613 Bhatinda is one of the oldest cities in Punjab and the current
administrative headquarters of Bathinda District. It is situated in north-
western India in the Malwa (Punjab) Region. Courtesy to five artificial
lakes in the city, Bathinda is also known as "The city of Lakes".
Bathinda is located on the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains. Bathinda's
climate correspond to semi arid with high variation between summer
and winter temperatures. Average annual rainfall is in a range of 20 –
40 cm Bathinda is one of the largest railway junctions of India
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 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
614 Bhuj is a city and a municipality in Kachchh district in the state of
Gujarat,
615 Dibrugarh is the headquarters of Dibrugarh district, Assam,
India.It is a city situated in the exrteme eastern part of upper Assam
and is an important seat of education,trade and commerce contributing
to the development and growth of the state.It is the biggest city in the
upper assam region. Dibrugarh is situated on the banks of the
Brahmaputra River, in Upper Assam, India, is the gateway to the three
tea producing districts of Tinsukia, Dibrugarh, and Sibsagar Economic
Activities in the district is dominated by two major industries, Oil &
Natural Gas and Tea Production. It was in Digboi that first time oil well
was dug during the British era. Duliajan, Hugrijan and Moran are the
key locations for oil and gas industry in the district. Duliajan also
happens to be the headquarter of the Public Sector Undetaking Oil
India Limited. Apart from this Dibrugarh district boasts of the highest
amount of tea produced in India. There are several tea gardens dating
back to the British era. Apart from this Dibrugarh has also been famous
for wood & wood works, plywood factories in Margherita, cane and
bamboo furnitures etc. Cottage industries specializing in production of
Assam silk (Muga Silk), phulam gamosa (A traditional piece of cloth,
used as ornate head-scarf as well as traditional towel), mekhela
chador (the famous traditional pure silk dress of Assam State of India)
("Chador" pronounced as 'Saador') are also in vogue.
616 Murshidabad is a city in Murshidabad district of West Bengal
state in India. The city of Murshidabad is located on the southern bank
of the Bhagirathi, a tributary of the Ganges River. It was the capital of
undivided Bengal during the Mughal rule. Nawabs of Bengal used to
rule Bengal from this city. It is still inhabited, but has none of the glory it
used to have- except for the royal buildings.
617 Dalli Rajhara is a city and a municipality in Durg district in the
state of Chhattisgarh, India. Dalli Rajhara is home of iron ore captive
mines for Bhilai Steel Plant, the largest integrated steel plant in India.
Dalli mines deposit was discovered by Pramatha Nath Bose, the first
Indian graded officer of the Geological Survey of India around 1900.
Dalli is also famous for the labour reform leader late Shankar Guha
Niyogi. Dalli-Rajhara is the twin mine and part of the Rajhara group of
mines. These are captive iron ore mines for Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) - a
SAIL enterprise. Iron ores mined from the area are of the hematite and
magnetite variety. The other mines in the neighbourhood produce
dolomite, lime and other raw materials which go into steel production
618 Singareni Singareni is a village located in Khammam district.
Coal reserves in Telangana were first found at village Singareni. There
is a railway line from village Singareni that meets Manuguru-Dornakal
railway at Karepalli junction. Singareni railway station was also called
as Yellandu station that is one of the oldest railway stations in
Telangana.
619 Rawatbhata is a town and a municipality in Chittorgarh district in
the Indian state of Rajasthan.It is 50 km away from the nearest city
Kota. Rawatbhata is connected to the major routes in country through
Kota .
620 Ramnathpuram Ramnathapuram is a small town in the Indian
state of Tamil Nadu in Southern India.
621 Thrissur previously spelt as Trichur, is a city in the Indian state
of Kerala. It is the headquarters of the Thrissur District. It is known as
the 'Cultural Capital of Kerala'. Thrissur city enjoys a tropical climate.
Since the region lies in the south western coastal state of Kerala, the
climate is tropical, with only minor differences in temperatures between
day and night, as well as over the year Thrissur is home to many
leading Malayali entrepreneurs, and is a major financial and
commercial hub of Kerala. Soon, Thrissur city became a flourishing
centre of internal trade in Kerala
622 Thirunelveli
623 Kollam is a city, a municipal corporation, and headquarters of
Kollam District in the Indian state of Kerala. Kollam is the fourth largest
city of Kerala and is known for cashew processing and coir
manufacturingThe city lies on the shores of Ashtamudi Lake. It is the
southern gateway to the Kerala Backwaters of Kerala and is a
prominent tourist destination. Kollam like other districts in the state is
moderately industrialised. Some of the major employers in the public
sector are Indian Rare Earths Limited (IRE) at chavara, Kerala Metals
and Minerals Limited at Chavara, kerala primo pipe factory at chavara;
Union Electrical Industries (popularly known as the Meter Company)
and Parvathi Spinning at Kollam. Kundara was known as an industrial
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
area with aluminium, ceramics, starch factories, but all are closed or on
the verge of closing
624 Satara is a town located in the Satara District of Maharashtra
state of India. The name is derived from the seven (sat) hills (tara)
surrounding the town. The town is 2320 ft. above sea-level, near the
confluence of the Krishna River and its tributary the Venna 67 mi
(about 110 km) south of Pune. Satara is located in the western part of
Maharashtra. The whole of Satara district falls within the Deccan area.
It is bounded by Pune district to the north, Solapur district to the east,
Sangli district to the south and Ratnagiri district to the west. Raigad
district lies to its north-west
625 Palanpur is a city and a municipality of Banaskantha district in
the Indian state of Gujarat. Palanpur is the largest city and the
administrative headquarters of the district.
626 Siddhapur Siddhapur is a village development committee in
Baitadi District in the Mahakali Zone of western Nepal. At the time of
the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,790 and had 302
houses in the village
627 Bundi is a city and a municipality of approximately 88,000
inhabitants (2001) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan state in northwest
India. It is of particular architectural note for its ornate forts, palaces,
and stepwell reservoirs known as baoris. It is the administrative
headquarters of Bundi District.
628 Gadepah
629 Lakheri Lakheri is a city and a municipality in Bundi district in
the Indian state of Rajasthan. This is the second largest city after
Bundi in the district. Mostly surrounded by agricultural lands & villages
the most distinct feature of lakheri is a cement manufacturing unit of
ACC [Associated Cement Companies] Ltd. This plant is the oldest
running cement plant in Asia
630 Alang Alang is a census town in Bhavnagar district in the Indian
state of Gujarat. In the past three decades, its beaches have become a
major worldwide centre for ship breaking
631 Jasdan is a city and a municipality in Rajkot district in the Indian
state of Gujarat
632 Titagarh
633 Rajahmundry is a city and a municipal corporation in the East
Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh state in India. Located on the
banks of the River Godavari, it is the fifth largest city in Andhra
Pradesh. It is known as the Cultural Capital of Andhra Pradesh since it
has a rich cultural past with a flourishing present and a promising
future. It was a part of the Madras Province before Indian
Independence. There is a lot of paddy and sugarcane cultivation in the
area. River Godavari flows through the west of Rajahmundy.
Rajahmundry has a tropical climate and therefore does not experience
distinct seasons The Rajahmundry traps which are part of the Deccan
Traps are located on the Godavari river, on its west side banks,
adjacent to Rajahmundry.[3] These traps made the area interesting to
geologists. The climate is mostly hot and humid
634 Eluru is a city in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the
headquarters of West Godavari district Eluru is situated on the national
highway NH 5 connecting Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam. Eluru was
earlier called Helapuri and has a rich cultural and political history. It
was believed to have been the capital of Vishnukundinas at one time.
Kolleru Lake a big fresh water lake is found near Eluru.
635 Guntakal Guntakal is a town in Anantapur district in the South
Western part of the state of Andhra Pradesh and 50 km away from
Bellary of Karnataka, India
636 Avadi is a town and a municipality in Thiruvallur district in the
state of Tamil Nadu,
637 Dindigal
638 Tirunel Veli and historically (during British rule) as Tinnevelly, is
the sixth-largest city after Chennai,Coimbatore,Madurai,Trichy, Salem
in the state of Tamil Nadu in India, and the headquarters of the
Tirunelveli District. Tirunelveli is an ancient city with rich cultural
heritage, and is home to many temples and shrines The climate of
Tirunelveli is usually tropical- generally hot and humid
639 Thal
640 Akola Akola is a city in the state of Maharashtra located in the
Vidarbha region of central India. It is located around 600 km east of
Mumbai (former "Bombay") and 250 km west of Nagpur. Akola is the
headquarters of Akola District located in Amravati Division. Akola, also
called Cotton City, is known for its cotton production and is the largest
cotton-producing district in India. The city is also famous for its pulses
© Vision IAS
 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
(dal), oil, and textile mills. Akola is also known for its medical facilities.
It is a major center for advanced medical treatments, such as the
Elizarov Technique, IVF. Major hospitals in Akola include the Civil
Hospital, Chaudhary Hospital and Akola Critical Care Unit.Some of the
rivers in Akola and their tributaries are Purna, Uma, Katepurna,
Shahanur, Morna, Mann, Aas and Vaan. There are many dams in
Akola district. Mahan located on Katepurna river is one of them
641 Hassan
642 Tuttukkudi also known as Tuticorin District, is a district of Tamil
Nadu state in southern India. Thoothukudi (Tuticorin) is the district
headquarters. It is also known for Pearl cultivation with abundance of
pearls found in the seas of Thoothukudi Thoothukudi district is situated
in the extreme South-Eastern corner of Tamil Nadu. It is bounded on
the north by the districts of Tirunelveli, Virudhunagar, and
Ramanathapuram, on the east and southeast by the Gulf of Mannar
and on the west and southwest by Tirunelveli district
643 Mehsana is a city and a municipality in Mehsana district in the
Indian state of Gujarat.It has an average elevation of 81 metres
(265 feet) above sea level. It is approximately 69 km away from the
mega city, Ahmedabad. Some of the famous places of Mehsana are
Raj Mahal Road, Pilaji Gunj, Gayatri Temple, Para area, Nagalpur,
Shri Sarvajanik Kelvani Mandal, Naalanda High School, Wide-Angle
Multiplex Theatre, T.B. Road, Pavansut Society, Chakeshwari Flats,
Vasupujya Flats, Tirupati Bunglows The Mehsana District Cooperative
Milk Producers’ Union Ltd. Mehsana, popularly known as Dudhsagar
Dairy, is a member of the state-level Gujarat Cooperative Milk
Marketing Federation Ltd. Anand Dudhsagar Dairy is the largest dairy
in Asia, processing on an average 1.41 million kilograms of milk each
day. It has established a network for procuring milk from 4,500,000
Milk producers through 1150 village milk cooperatives. Dudhsagar
Dairy is a technology pioneer in its industry, using information
technology to simplify, automate, and improve operational
efficiency.Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited
644 Karimganj Karimganj is a city and a municipal board in
Karimganj district in the Indian state of Assam
645 Katni is a town in the banks of the Katni River in Madhya
Pradesh state of central India. It is the administrative headquarters of
Katni District. It is located in the Mahakoshal Region of Central India.
646 Jagdalpur
647 Belagavi
648 Karimnagar is a town and a Municipal Corporation in
Karimnagar district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the
administrative headquarters of Karimnagar District. It is located on the
banks of Maneru river, a tributary of the Godavari river. Karimnagar is
situated 162 km north of Hyderabad,
Other Important Centres
649 Leh
650 Sonamarg Sonmarg or Sonamarg is a town of Jammu and
Kashmir state of India. Situated at 87 km from Srinagar, it is a popular
tourist destination.[1] Sonamarg, at an altitude of 3,000 metres above
sea level, 87 km north-east of Srinagar. The drive to Sonamargh is
though yet another spectacular facet of country side in Kashmir, this
time in Sindh Valley. The Sindh Valley is the largest tributary of the
valley of Kashmir
651 Kullu Kullu, once known as Kul-anti-peetha - "the end of the
habitable world",[1] is the capital town of the Kullu District, in the state
of Himachal Pradesh, India. It is located on the banks of the Beas
River in the Kullu Valley about ten kilometres north of the airport at
Bhuntar. Kullu is a broad open valley formed by the Beas river
between Manali and Largi. This valley is famous for the beauty and its
majestic hills covered with Pine and Deodar Forest and sprawling
Apple Orchards.The course of the Beas river presents a succession of
magnificent, clad with forests of Deodar, yowering above trees of Pine
on the lower rocky ridges. Kullu valley is sandwiched between the Pir
Panjal, Lower Himalayan and Great Himalayan range
652 Kangra Kangra is a city and a municipal council in Kangra district
in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh It has an average elevation of
733 metres (2404 ft). The district of Kangra extends from the Jalandhar
Doab far into the southern ranges of the Himalaya. It is a town at the
confluence of the Bener River and Majhi River, and Beas is an
important river here. Tea cultivation was introduced into Kangra valley
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
about 1850. The Palampur fair, established by government with a view
to fostering commerce with central Asia, attracts a small concourse of
Yarkandi merchants. The Lahulis carry on an enterprising trade with
Ladakh and countries beyond the frontier, by means of pack sheep
and goats. Rice, tea, potatoes, opium, spices, wool and honey are the
chief exports
653 Gangotri is a town and a Nagar Panchayat (municipality) in
Uttarkashi district in the state of Uttarakhand, India Gangotri, the origin
of the river Ganga and seat of the goddess Ganga, is one of the four
sites in the Char Dham pilgrimage circuit. The river is called Bhagirathi
at the source and acquires the name Ganga from Devprayag onwards
where it meets the Alaknanda. The origin of the holy river is at
Gaumukh, set in the Gangotri Glacier, and is a 19 km trek from
Gangotri. Gangotri can be reached in one day's travel from Rishikesh,
Haridwar or Dehradun, or in two days from Yamunotri, the first site in
the Char Dham circuit. More popular and important than its sister site
to the east, Gangotri is also accessible directly by car and bus,
meaning that it sees many more pilgrims than Yamunotri.
654 Yamnotri is the source of the Yamuna River and the seat of the
Goddess Yamuna in Hindu mythology.
655 Agra is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern
state of Uttar Pradesh, India. With a population of 1,686,976 (2010
est.), it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th
most populous in India.[1] Agra can also refer to the administrative
district that has its headquarters in Agra city.
656 Rajgir is a city and a notified area in Nalanda district in the Indian
state of Bihar. The city was in a valley surrounded by seven hills:
Vaibhara, Ratna, Saila, Sona, Udaya, Chhatha, and Vipula. Rajgir has
also developed as a health and winter resort due to its warm water
ponds. These baths are said to contain some medicinal properties that
help in the cure of many skin diseases. The Saptparni cave is also the
source of the Rajgir Hot Water Springs that have curative properties
and are sacred to the Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. The added
attraction of Rajgir is the Ropeway that leads uphill to the Vishwa
Shanti Stupa (Peace Pagoda) and Monasteries built by the Japanese
Devotees of the Buddha on top of the Ratnagiri hills.
657 Nalanda is the name of an ancient center of higher learning in
Bihar, India.
658 Shanti Niketan is a small town near Bolpur in the Birbhum
district of West Bengal, India, approximately 180 kilometres north of
Kolkata (formerly Calcutta). It was made famous by Nobel Laureate
Rabindranath Tagore, whose vision became what is now a university
town (Visva-Bharati University) that attracts thousands of visitors each
year. Santiniketan is also a tourist attraction
659 Sibsagar is a city in the Sibsagar district in the state of Assam in
India. It is the district headquarters of the Sibsagar district. Sivasagar is
a heritage place in Assam famous for the monuments of Ahom
kingdom The nearest airports are Jorhat (55 km), Dibrugarh (80 km)
and Guwahati (369 km). Buses ply regularly from Jorhat, Dibrugarh
and Guwahati. Sibsagar Town is the beautiful town & it also have a
railway station.
660 Guwahati is a major city in eastern India, with a population of
818,809 (2001 census). The largest city in the North-East Region of
India, The city is situated between the southern bank of the
Brahmaputra river and the foothills of the Shillong plateau, with LGB
International Airport to the west, and the town of Narengi to the east.
The city is gradually being expanded as North Guwahati to the
northern bank of the Brahmaputra. As a river port, Guwahati has
traditionally been an important administrative and trading center.
Separate income estimates for the city are not yet available as city-
level income estimation is not a traditional practice in India, and is not
practiced in a systematic and continual manner. However, by looking
at the agglomeration of activities and employment patterns it can be
easily understandable that the city contributes a lion's share of the
state's income.
661 Imphal is the capital of the Indian state of Manipur. The Imphal
Valley is drained by several small rivers originating from the hills
surrounding it. These include the Imphal, Iril, Sekmai, Thoubal, and
Khuga rivers
662 Keibul Lamjao The Keibul Lamjao National Park is a national
park in the Bishnupur district of the state of Manipur in India. It is
40 km2 (15.4 sq mi) in area, the only floating park in the world, located
in North East India, and an integral part of Loktak Lake. The national
park is characterized by many floating decomposed plant materials
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 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
locally called phumdis. To preserve the natural refuge of the
endangered Manipur Eld's Deer or Brow-antlered Deer (Cervus eldi
eldi), or Sangai also called the Dancing Deer
663 Konark is a small town in Puri district of the state of Orissa,
India, on the Bay of Bengal, sixty-five kilometres from Bhubaneswar It
is the site of the 13th-century Sun Temple (also known as the Black
Pagoda), built in black granite by King Narasimhadeva-I (AD 1236-
1264) of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty. The temple is a World Heritage
Site. It takes the form of the chariot of Surya (Arka), the sun god, and
is heavily decorated with stone carving. The entire complex was
designed in the form of a huge chariot drawn by seven spirited horses
on twelve pairs of exquisitely decorated wheels. The entrance is
guarded by two lions, which are each shown crushing a war elephant.
Each elephant in turn lies on top of a human body. The temple
symbolises the majestic stride of the Sun god. At the entrance of the
temple is a Nata Mandir. This is where the temple dancers used to
perform dances in homage to the Sun god. All around the temple,
there are various floral and geometric patterns. There are also human,
divine and semi-divine figures in sensuous poses. The poses contains
couples in various amorous poses, and are derived from the Kama
Sutra. The temple is now partly in ruins, and a collection of its
sculptures is housed in the Sun Temple Museum, which is run by the
Archaeological Survey of India. The poet Rabindranath Tagore wrote
of Konark: "here the language of stone surpasses the language of
man." Konark is also home to an annual dance festival, held every
December, devoted to classical Indian dance forms, including the
traditional classical dance of Orissa, odissi.
664 Gwalior is a city in Madhya Pradesh, India Gwalior occupies a
strategic location in the Gird region of India, and the city and its
fortress have served as the center of several of historic northern Indian
kingdoms. That the location of the city still is considered militarily
important is signalled by the presence of a major airforce base at
Maharajpura. Gwalior is the administrative headquarters of Gwalior
district and Gwalior division. Gwalior has a sub-tropical climate with hot
summers
665 Khajuraho a town in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh,
located in Chhatarpur District, about 620 kilometres (385 mi) southeast
of New Delhi, are one of the most popular tourist destinations in India.
Khajuraho has the largest group of medieval Hindu and Jain temples,
famous for their erotic sculpture. The Khajuraho group of monuments
has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is considered
to be one of the "seven wonders" of India.
666 Jabalpur is a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India.
Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of Jabalpur district and
Jabalpur division. Jabalpur is located in the Mahakaushal region in the
geographic center of India. Jabalpur is one of the largest cities in
Madhya Pradesh. Jabalpur was the 27th largest urban conurbation in
India in 2001 (2001 Census)[1]. Jabalpur is one of the highest income
tax paying cities in India since the headquarters of many important
Central & State Departments are situated there and thousands of
government employees are employed. Jabalpur also houses the
Madhya Pradesh High Court. It was called Sanskardhani by Vinoba
Bhave. Jabalpur has a sub-tropical climate, more specifically a humid
subtropical climate, Jabalpur district with River Narmada bringing in
fresh water from the Vindyachal Ranges has developed into an
agrarian economy. The land of the Narmada basin with its fertile
alluvial soil gives good yields of sorghum, wheat, rice and millets in the
villages around Jabalpur. The State of Madhya Pradesh is the largest
producer of Soybeans and the district of Jabalpur occupies a place of
pride in agriculture production.
667 Ajanta Ajantha is a village in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra.
The Ajanta caves are located near this village, 107 km from
Aurangabad, the District Headquarter town. Ajanta Caves in
Maharashtra, India are 31 rock-cut cave monuments created during
the second century BCE and 8th century AD, containing paintings and
sculptures considered to be masterpieces of both Buddhist religious
art[1] and universal pictorial art.[2] The caves are located just outside
the village of Ajinṛhā in Aurangabad district in the Indian state of
Maharashtra. Since 1983, the Ajanta Caves have been a UNESCO
World Heritage Site. The caves are traditionally numbered starting
from the one closest to the village.
668 Ellora Ellora is an archaeological site, 30 km (19 mi) from the city
of Aurangabad in the Indian state of Maharashtra built by the
Rashtrakuta rulers. Well-known for its monumental caves, Ellora is a
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
World Heritage Site.[1] Ellora represents the epitome of Indian rock-cut
architecture. The 34 "caves" – actually structures excavated out of the
vertical face of the Charanandri hills – being Buddhist, Hindu and Jain
rock cut temples and monasteries, were built between the 5th century
and 10th century. The 12 Buddhist (caves 1–12), 17 Hindu (caves 13–
29) and 5 Jain (caves 30–34) caves, built in proximity, demonstrate the
religious harmony prevalent during this period of Indian history
669 Bikaner Bikaner is a District in the northwest of the state of
Rajasthan in northern India. The city is the administrative headquarters
of Bikaner District and Bikaner division. It was formerly the capital of
the princely state of Bikaner Bikaner is situated in the middle of the
Thar desert with very little rainfall and extreme temperatures. In
summer, temperatures exceed 50 °C and during the wi nter it dips to
freezing point. The climate in Bikaner is characterised by extreme
variations in temperature. In the summer season
670 Jodhpur is the second largest city in the Indian state of
Rajasthan. It was formerly the seat of a princely state of the same
name, the capital of the kingdom known as Marwar. Jodhpur is a
popular tourist destination, featuring many palaces, forts and temples,
set in the stark landscape of the Thar desert The city is known as the
Sun City for the bright, sunny weather it enjoys all year. It is also
referred to as the Blue City due to the blue-painted houses around the
Mehrangarh Fort. Jodhpur lies near the geographic centre of
Rajasthan state, which makes it a convenient base for travel in a
region much frequented by tourists. The old city of Jodhpur is
surrounded by a thick stone wall. The climate of Jodhpur is generally
hot and arid but with a rainy season from late June to September
(Köppen BWhw).
671 Udaipur also known as the City of Lakes, is a city, a Municipal
Council and the administrative headquarters of the Udaipur district in
the state of Rajasthan in western India. It is the historic capital of the
former kingdom of Mewar in Rajputana Agency. Lake Pichola, Fateh
Sagar Lake, Udai Sagar and Swaroop Sagar in this city are considered
some of the most beautiful lakes in the state. Apart from its history,
culture and scenic location, it is also known for its Rajput-era palaces.
The Lake Palace, for instance, covers an entire island in the Pichola
Lake. Many of the palaces have been converted into luxury hotels. It is
often called the "Venice of the East" and is also nicknamed the "Lake
City" The climate of Udaipur is tropical, with the mercury staying
between a maximum of 42.3°C and a minimum of 28.8°C during
summers. Winters are mild with the maximum temperature rising to
28.8°C and the minimum dipping to 2.5°C.
672 Jaisalmer nicknamed "The Golden City", is a town in the Indian
state of Rajasthan. It was once known as Jaisalmer state. The town
stands on a ridge of yellowish sandstone, crowned by a fort, which
contains the palace and several ornate Jain temples. Many of the
houses and temples are finely sculptured. It lies in the heart of the Thar
Desert and has a population of about 78,000. It is the administrative
headquarters of Jaisalmer District Tourism is a major industry in
Jaisalmer. The Government of India initiated departmental exploration
for oil in 1955-56 in the Jaisalmer area.[3] Oil India Limited discovered
natural gas in 1988 in the Jaisalmer basin.[4]
673 Mysore is the second largest city in the state of Karnataka, India.
It is the headquarters of the Mysore district and the Mysore division
and lies about 146 km (91 mi) southwest of Bangalore, Mysore is
famous for the festivities that take place during the Dasara festival
when the city receives a large number of tourists It is situated in the
southern region of the state of Karnataka, at the base of the Chamundi
Hills
674 Matheran is a city and a Hill Station municipal council in Raigad
district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is a hill station in Karjat
Tahsil and is also the smallest hill station in India. It is located on the
Western Ghats range at an elevation of around 800 m (2,625 feet)
above sea level. It is located around 90 km from Mumbai, and 120 km
from Pune.
675 Bijapur is a district in the state of Karnataka in southern India.
The city of Bijapur is the headquarters of the district, and is located
530 km northwest of Bangalore. Bijapur is well known for the great
monuments of historical importance built during the Adil Shahi
dynasty.Geographically, the district lies in the tract of the Deccan
Plateaus.
676 Belur is a Town Municipal Council in Hassan district in the state
of Karnataka, India.
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 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
677 Yercandis a hill station near Salem, Tamil Nadu, India in the
Servarayan range of hills (anglicized as Shevaroys) in the Eastern
Ghats. It is at an altitude of 1515 metres (4970 feet) above the mean
sea level. The highest point in Yercaud is the Servarayan temple.
Hence the Yercaud hill area is called Shevaroy Hills. Economy of
Yercaud is predominantly tourism. The other major source of income is
agriculture. The main crop of Yercaud is coffee. Coffee was first
cultivated on the "Grange Estate" in the year 1820, the year in which
coffee plants were brought from Africa to Yercaud by Mr. M.D.
Cockburn. Jack fruit, orange, guava and spices such as black pepper
and cardamom are the other crops raised on the coffee estate.
Sandalwood, teak and silver oak are abundant too.
678 Thanjavur so known as Thanjai or by its anglicised name
Tanjore, is a municipality and the headquarters of the Thanjavur district
in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Thanjavur is famous for the
Brahadishwara Temple (or Brahadeeswara temple) built by Rajaraja
Chola during the 11th century.[6] The Brahadishwara Temple, also
known as the Big Temple, is one of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
679 Golconda Golkonda, a ruined city of south-central India and
capital of ancient Kingdom of Golkonda ,is situated west of Hyderabad.
680 Amravati is a city in the state of Maharashtra, India & Seventh
most populous metropolitan area in Maharashtra. Amravati has a
tropical wet and dry climate with hot, dry summers
681 Mahabalipuram is a town in Kancheepuram district in the Indian
state of Tamil Nadu. It has an average elevation of 12 metres (39 feet).
Mahabalipuram was a 7th century port city of the South Indian
682 Almora is a municipal board, a cantonment town in the Almora
district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. Almora was founded in 1568
It is a town bustling with activity and a rich cultural heritage and history.
It is considered the cultural heart of the Kumaon region of
Uttarakhand.It is located on a ridge at the southern edge of the
Kumaon Hills of the Himalaya range. In the shape of a horse saddle
shaped hillock, it is surrounded by thick forests of pine and fir trees.
Flowing alongside the city are rivers of Koshi, (Kaushiki), and Suyal
(Salmale). The snow capped Himalayas can be seen in the
background.
683 Ranikhet Ranikhet is a hill station and cantonment town in
Almora district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is the home for the
Kumaon Regiment (KRC) & Naga Regiment and is maintained by the
Indian Army. Ranikhet is at an altitude of 1869 metres above sea level
and within sight of the western peaks of the Himalayas
684 Elephant Island Elephant Island is an ice-covered, mountainous
island off the coast of Antarctica in the outer reaches of the South
Shetland Islands in the Southern Ocean. Its name was given by early
explorers sighting elephant seals on its shores. It lies 1,253 kilometres
(779 mi) west-southwest of South Georgia, 935 kilometres (581 mi)
south of the Falkland Islands, and 885 kilometres (550 mi) southeast of
Cape Horn. It is within the Antarctic claims of Argentina, Chile and the
UK.
Miscellaneous
685 Thumba Thumba is a fishing village near Thiruvananthapuram,
capital of Kerala, India Thumba became well-known to the out-siders
after the establishment of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching
Station (TERLS), which was the first of that kind in India. TERLS is
located in St. Thomas Veli. It was started in 1962, at Pallithura & Veli in
the district of Trivandrum on the southern tip of India very close to
earth's magnetic equator to launch sounding rockets
686 Rajouri Rajouri is a District in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Since
it borders Pakistan, it is the site of infiltration and militant activity The
main mineral resources present in this area are:COAL The basis
source of energy for the industrial development is the coal, the solid or
fossil fuel as it is called and the district Rajouri has Kalakote, Methka,
Moghla, Chokkar the main coal. The coal is of semi-anthracite having
fixed carbon for percentage from 79 to 80, which is related to
Himalayan. The intense and complex tectonic movement has restricted
the economical limits of these coalfields. However, these can meet the
increasing demand of local consumption and industrial development of
Jammu region. LIMESTONE Limestone is an important raw material
used in the manufacture of cement and in chemical, metallurgical,
paper making glass manufacture and sugar refining. It is also used in
bleaching powder and caustic soda. Extensive deposits of limestone
© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in
associated with carboniferous sequence of Kalakote, Methka and
Thannamandi area of Rajouri district can be placed in any of its above
industrial use only after conducting systematic geological investigation.
BAUXITE It is good source of aluminium and can be used for
extraction of aluminium metal. It can be used for refractory purposes
and also for the extraction of gallium. It is a blanket type of deposit
occurring unconformable over the great limestone of Kalakote, Methka,
Moghla and Chakkar area. It is generally dark gray to cream in color
and exhibited diasporic variety. IRON ORE Though district Rajouri is
devoid of any significant occurrence of iron ores but in Gagrot-Khandli
devi area iron ore occurs in a lenticular band associated with
carbonaceous and fessuginous shake and slate. BENTONITE It is clay
type of deposits usually shows whitish color and gives soapy touch. It
is used in oil well drilling, oil refining, paints, sealing in reservoirs and
irrigational canals. It also finds its use in agricultural spray insecticides.
Thick bands of bentonite are located in three different places near
Budhal. In addition to these minerals resources present in Rajouri
district, the Panjal trap has a massive volcanic rock, which forms the
northern and northwestern. Envisions of Rajouri city can be used in
building purpose. With the increasing demand of the stone industry,
polished slabs of Panjal traps can be manufactured after arriving at
their physical mineralogical and textural properties. MURREE Murree
formation supposed to be the main source of hydrocarbon is
predominantly developed in this area. Unfortunately success in
exploring the oil and natural gas commission workers have not
achieved petroleum in saruinsar area due to certain technical
problems, extensive efforts are being made by these workers in
Rajouri district also to locate sports for exploration of petroleum in
future.
687 Poonch is a town and a municipal committee in Poonch District in
the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir It has an average elevation of
981 metres (3218 feet). Pir Panjal range of mountains separates
Poonch valley from Kashmir valley
688 Kupwara Kupwara is a town and a notified area committee in
Kupwara District in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Among the
many tourist places in Kupwara, Lolab Valley has special significance.
Sogam is a Tehsil and a really beautiful place to visit for its meadows,
mountains, gushing waters, and fresh air.
689 Uri Uri is a town on the river Jhelum in the Baramula district, in
the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, and a sector named after the
town. The town is very near the de-facto Pakistan border. The town
was leveled in the Richter 7.6 2005 Kashmir earthquake on 8 October
2005
690 Baramula is a gorgeous city in the Baramulla district in Jammu
and Kashmir state in northern India. Its breathtaking natural beauty has
been a constant source of inspiration for a number of religious priests
and eminent scholars. The geographical terrain rivals that of New
Zealand and many parts of Alaska. Baramulla is the third largest city of
Jammu & Kashmir state
691 Area occupied by China
692 POK Pakistan administered Kashmir refers to a disputed region
between Pakistan and India in South Asia. It borders the Pakistani
provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, the Wakhan
Corridor of Afghanistan to the north west, the Xinjiang Uyghur
Autonomous Region of People's Republic of China to the north and
Indian-administered Kashmir, to the east. A part of this area of the
former princely state of Kashmir, the trans-Karakoram tract was ceded
to China and the remaining area was amalgamated into two regions:
Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. Both nations had a war in 1947 over
the former kingdom. India refers to this region as Pakistan Occupied
Kashmir (or PoK).[1] Most international agencies such as the United
Nations[2] MSF [3] and the Red Cross[4] refer to this region as
Pakistan administered Kashmir.
693 Area ceded to China by Pak
694 Anta
695 Mandavi
696 Avini
697 Auriya
698 Churk
699 Chaibasa Chaibasa is a city and a municipality in West
Singhbhum district in the state of Jharkhand, India.
700 Mhow is a cantonment in the Indore District in Madhya Pradesh,
India. It is located 23 kilometres (14 mi) south of Indore city towards
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 India Map material for UPSC Civil Services Exam.
Mumbai on the Mumbai-Agra Road. The town was renamed as Dr
Ambedkar Nagar in 2003, by the Government of Madhya Pradesh
701 Mandsaur is a city in the Malwa region and district of Madhya
Pradesh state of central India. It is the administrative headquarters of
Mandsaur District
702 Shadnagar Shadnagar is a town, assembly constituency in
Mahbubnagar district in Andhra Pradesh, India.

© Harsh V. Singh www.visionias.in © Vision IAS