Raven’s progressive matrices (RPM) are a visual task of abstract reasoning.

RPM is a multiple-choice
paper-andpencil task. The stimuli used are simple, nonrepresentational two-dimensional designs. The
test requires examinees to infer a rule to generate the next items in a series, or to determine whether a
presented design is consistent with the rule. Items become progressively more difficult, building upon
knowledge accumulated from the test. As such, the test was designed to assess learning as well as
inductive reasoning. The test is available in three forms for examinees of different abilities: (1) Standard
progressive matrices (SPM) (synony