IMPACT 4.03.

01 24/08/2017

Tin (Sn) Outer surface of sliding > 10 ppm (3) > 15 ppm (3)
bearings

Chrome (Cr) Piston rings, valve > 5 ppm > 10 ppm

stems

Aluminium (Al) Pistons, charge air > 10 ppm (3) > 15 ppm (3)
cooler, dirt

Nickel (Ni) Layer between surface > 15 ppm (3) > 20 ppm (3)
and copper layer on
sliding bearings, rocker
arm bushings

Molybdenum Piston ring > 5 ppm > 10 ppm

(Mo) (4)

Silicon (Si) Sand, dirt, etc. > 20 ppm > 40 ppm

Viscosity Reduction: Fuel dilution, ASTM D445 Stay in grade (5) Stay in grade (5)
oil shearing Increase:
Oxidation,
contamination by soot

Soot Incomplete combustion DIN 51452 (1) or > 2% weight > 3% weight
TGA

Water Coolant, condensation ASTM D6304 (1) > 0.05% > 0.1%

Fuel Incomplete combustion, ASTM D3524 (1) > 3% (6) > 4% (6)
internal leak on fuel
system, etc.

Sodium (Na), High concentrations of ASTM D5185 (1) > 5 ppm (B) > 10 ppm (B)
potassium (K) sodium (Na), potassium > 10 ppm (Na, K)(7) > 20 ppm (Na, K)(7)
(7)and/or boron (K) and/or boron (B) can
(B) (4) indicate a coolant leak.
Charge air cooler (7)

TBN (8) TBN indicates ASTM D4739 <3 <2

remaining alkalinity after
acid neutralisation

Oxidation   DIN 51453 (1) < 20 < 25

Nitration   DIN 51453 (1) < 25 < 30

1. Or equivalent.
2. Very high copper (Cu) levels, more than 500 ppm, are sometimes found during the first 100 000 km of the
vehicle life. The source is the oil cooler and the copper levels normally drop in consecutive drain intervals.
3. Can be higher during running-in.
4. Certain oils contain molybdenum and/or boron which can cause increased value. Check fresh oil values.
5. See Classification of engine oil viscosity
6. Up to 6% fuel dilution can be accepted providing viscosity at 100°C is > 9 cSt.
7. Potassium (K) can origin from the charge air cooler. Potassium and aluminium (Al) are then found at a ratio of
between 3:1 and 2:1. Over 100 ppm K can be found but with no harm to the engine (soft particles).
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