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Nigerian Journal of Technological Research 1 Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

Mshelmbula, B.P. et al. (2017). Studies on four cultivars of groundnut (Arachis hypogeae) grown in Mubi, Adamawa State
of Nigeria. 12(1):1-4.
Studies on four cultivars of groundnut (Arachis hypogeae) grown in Mubi, Adamawa State of Nigeria.
Mshelmbula, B. P., Jummai, B. F., Mallum, S M., and R Zacharia, Department of Biological Sciences, Adamawa State
University Mubi, P.M.B 25, Mubi, Nigeria.
Abstract
The choice of Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae.) cultivar suitable for cultivation for either commercial, protein requirements or
other reasons is very crucial. This research work was conducted to evaluate the cultivar performance for different purposes.
Different cultivars of Groundnut were cultivated and data were collected on number of pod per cultivar, wet weight of pod
and crude protein content. They were subjected to mean and standard deviation. Results showed that highest pods were
found in Gargajiya (860) while lowest number of pod was obtained in Amariya (116), Kampala had the highest mean plant
height of 18.22cm while amarya recorded the least (16.82cm). Amarya and Gargajiya had the highest dry pod weight (5.8
and 5.7) respectively while Sebia recorded the least (3.3). Kampala had the least crude protein content among the cultivars
(28.68%). Amarya and Sabiya recorded 31.56% and 30.70% crude protein respectively while Gargajiya cultivar had the
highest crude protein content of 33.47%.
Key words: Groundnuts, germination, amarya, gargajiya
Email: barkapeter5@gmail.com
Received: 2016/11/05
Accepted: 2017/02/07
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtr.v12i1.1
Introduction for both human and animal diet and also
Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae.) is an provides much needed foreign exchange by
important source of oil and food crop, and exporting kennels and cake (Nautiyal, 2009).
current annual worldwide production is about Groundnuts are an important component of
35.6 million tones on 26.4 million ha (FAO, Nigerian diet and continue to grow the demand
2007). Grown primarily for human for edible oil in many developing countries
consumption, groundnut seeds can be utilized such as Nigeria and will also continue to grow
as a snack or are processed to make groundnut (FAO, 2007).
butter, oil and other products (FAO, 2007). Groundnut is an important component of
Groundnut is grown as a commercial crop in cropping system of smallholder farmer in
south and south west coastal areas of Turkey Nigeria. Unfortunately, low average pod yields
due to the potential for greater yield and of the crop continue to pose a serious
marketing (Bajdar and Erbas, 2005). challenge in production, causing serious
Groundnut cultivars vary by number of shortfalls in supply (Naab et. al., 2009).
flowers, pegs and pods. Bell, 2009 reported The inclusion of groundnut in the cropping
that groundnut cultivars showed a wide range system of this and similar areas could lead to
in the number of reproductive component at several benefit which include; increase in
different developmental stages. The number of output of the crop per unit area, soil
flowers, pegs and pods are the most important improvement income generation as a cash
yield components that affect the yield potential crop, employment from activities and off farm
of groundnut (Awal and Ikeda, 2003). due to proliferation of small scale processing
It is well known that groundnut produce more industries. The motivation to determine the
flowers than the plant can sustain and develop differences in yield performance of four
into pods (Rao and Murty, 2010) and less than cultivars of groundnut and to determine the
15 %- 20% of flowers produce mature pods differences in the protein is of utmost
(Lim and Hamdan, 2012). Caliskan et. al., importance, and this forms the basis upon
(2008) reported that dry matter accumulation which the study was designed.
in each part of the plant continues until Materials and methods
maturity, although the accumulation rate
differs according to plant age and genotype. Study Area
Groundnut is a critically important protein The study area is Mubi. Mubi is located in the
source for people while oil seed, cake are North Eestern part of Nigeria between latitude
important as animal feed (Nautiyal, 2009). In 10º 14‘N and 10º 18‘ N of the equator and
developing countries, it provides high quality longitude 13º 14‘ E and 13º 19‘E of the
cooking oil as an important source of protein Greenwich meridian. It occupies a land of
Nigerian Journal of Technological Research 2 Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

about` 725.85km with an estimated population 25

of about 300,000 people. The area has tropical

Plant height (cm) at 7 WAS

climate with an average temperature of 32ºC 20
and lies within the Sudan savannah vegetation
zone in Nigeria. The area has an average 15
relative humidity from 28%-45% and annual
rainfall of about 1056mm (Adebayo and 10
Tukur, 1999).
Collection of seed 5
Four (4) cultivars of groundnut (Arachis
hypogeae) were obtained from the Main 0
Sebia Amariya Gargajiya Kampala
Market, Mubi, Adamawa State. These were
then identififed at the Agricultural Fig. 1 Plant height observed during the current study.
Development Centre, Adamawa. Thereafter,
the cultivars were treated with Dress Force
(20% imidacloprid, 20% metalaxyl-M, 80
20%Ws Tebuconazole), until it was ready for 70

No. of leaves/plant @ 7 WAS

planting and were labeled: G1: Sebia; G2: 60
Amarya; G3: Gargajia; and G4: Kampala.
50
The soil that was used (mixture of sandy,
40
loamy, and clay soil),was collected around the
Botanical Garden of the Adamawa State 30
University Mubi, as the area had not been 20
cultivated for over 5 years. Top soil (0 – 10
10
cm) was collected for use. The soil was sun
dried to constant weight, and thereafter, 5kg of 0
soil was measured into palm nursery poly bags Sebia Amariya Gargajiya Kampala
of 30cm in height and 15cm in diameter.
These were perforated at the bottom. The bags Fig. 2 Number of leaves/plant observed in the
current study.
were placed in the screen house at a spacing of
60cm x 30cm, as proposed by Okeleye et. al.,
(1999). 60
Eighty (80) planting bags were filled with the
50
No. of flowers/plant @ 15 WAS

composed soil of 3kg and spaced 15cm apart

with each cultivar having 20 replicates. Two 40
(2) seeds randomly selected were sown in each
of the polythene bags including the control. 30
Morphological growth and yield parameters of
the plants were assessed. 20

Data analysis
10
The data collected was subjected to mean and
correlation. 0
Sebia Amariya Gargajiya Kampala
Results.
The results of the various analysis are Fig. 3: Number of flowers per plant at 15 weeks after
presented in figures 1-7 as bar charts. sowing
Nigerian Journal of Technological Research 3 Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

1.4
Discussion
1.2 From Fig. 1, at seven weeks after sowing
(WAS), Gargajiya had the highest mean plant
1
height of 18.22cm, then Kampala; while
Pod Wt. (g)

0.8 Amarya and Sebia recorded the least

0.6 (16.82cm) (Mozingo and Steel 2011). It is
0.4
noteworthy to say however that there are no
significant difference in plant height between
0.2 Sebia and Gargajiya.
0
Sebia Amariya Gargajiya Kampala
Kampala and Gargajiya had the highest
number of leaves at 7 WAS with an average of
Fig. 4: Single pod weight per plant after harvest 68.14 leaves per plant while Amariya had the
least number of leaves (57.34) (Fig. 2). This
1000 suggests that the leaves of Kampala and
900 Gargajiya are likely the most suitable cultivars
800 for use as fodder. (Bell et al, 2009).
Total pods per plant

700
From fig. 3, at 15 WAS, Kampala and
600
Gargajiya recorded the highest number of
500
flower (42.5 and 40.0 respectively) while
400
Amarya recorded an average of 30 numbers of
300
flowers per plant (Chiezey, 2010). This is a
200
pointer that Kampala and Gargajiya could
100
produce the best yield of groundnut among the
0
Sebia Amariya Gargajiya Kampala
othe cultivars.

Fig. 5: Total number of pods per plant after harvest

Following the number of flowers recorded in
the study, Kampala had the highest single pod
8 weight at 15 WAS (1.0g) while Amarya had
7 the least (0.72). (Rao and Murty, 2010). This
6 implied that in term of the pod size of
Seed dry wt. (g)

5 groundnuts, Kampala cultivar is the biggest in

4 term of choice of consumption either raw or
3 for other domestic/ commercial purposes
2
(fig.4).
1 Fig. 5 showed that highest number of pods was
0 found in Gargajiya having an average of 800
Sebia Amariya Gargajiya Kampala
seeds per plant while the lowest number of
Fig. 6: Seed dry weight after harvest
pods per plant was obtained in Amariya (116).
There was however no significant difference in
45 Sebia and Kampala with 370 and 380 pods
40 respectively, Lim and Hamdan (2012). This is
35 in concert with David et. al., 2015 who
Crude protein (%)

30 reported that Bremawuo and Nkatekokoo

25 (fastigiata) had the lowest. Genotype GK7 (a
20 hypogaea) had the highest number of matured
15 pods per plant whiles Yenyawoso and
10 Konkoma (fastigiata) had the lowest. This
5 therefore suggests that Gargajiya is the most
0 suitable cultivar for farmers who desire to
Sebia Amariya Gargajiya Kampala embark on commercial cultivation of
Groundnuts in terms of productivity.
Fig. 7: Crude protein content of harvested seeds
 Nigerian Journal of Technological Research 4 Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Amarya and Gargajiya had the highest dry pod
weight (5.8g and 5.7g) respectively while
Sebia recorded the least (3.3g) Caliskan et. al,
2008 (Fig. 6).
Fig. 7 showed that Kampala had the least
crude protein content among the cultivars
(28.68%). Amarya and Sabiya recorded
31.56% and 30.70% crude protein respectively
while Gargajiya cultivar had the highest crude
protein content of 33.47%, (FAO 2007). The
present values were higher than the reported
values of Poulter et. al. (1981) and Ferrao et.
al. (1987). This showed that Gargajiya
provides the highest crude protein requirement
for man‘s consumption.
Acknowledgments.
I wish to acknowledge the following people: Dr. Beckely
Ikajiaghbe and Prof Mensah for their input and guidance.
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