Basic of CNC Programming

(For subject ME-304 Diploma in Mechanical Engineering)

Part-1
By:
RAMESH PARIHAR
Lecturer, Government Polytechnic
College, Jodhpur
Basic of CNC Programming
• CNC instructions are called part
program commands.
• Commands are also referred to as
blocks.
• Blocks are made up of words which
each begin with a letter address and
end with a numerical value.
It consists of:
a. Information about part geometry
b. Motion statements to move the
cutting tool
c. Cutting speed
d. Feed
e. Auxiliary functions such as coolant
on and off.
 Format of Block

N001 –represents the sequence number of the operation.

G01 –represents linear interpolation.
X12345 –will move the table in a positive direction along the
X-axis.
Y06789 –will move the table along the Y-axis.
M03 –Spindle on CW and
; –End of block.
 CNC Codes

Word Address Format:

1. Sequence Number (N-Word) codes-specify
program line number
2. Preparatory word (G-Word) Initial
machining setup and establishing operating
conditions
3. Coordinates (X,Y,Z Word) specify motion of
the slide along X, Y, Z direction
4. Feed Rate (F-Word) Specify feed
5. Spindle Speed (S-Word) Specify spindle
speed
6. Tool Selection Word (T-Word) specify tool
number
7. Miscellaneous Command (M-Word) M
codes for coolant control and other activities
8. End-Of-Block (EOB Symbol)
 Important G codes
•G00 Rapid Transverse
•G01 Linear Interpolation
•G02 Circular Interpolation, CW
•G03 Circular Interpolation, CCW
•G17 XY Plane, G18 XZ Plane,G19 YZ Plane
•G70 Inch unit
•G71 Metric Units
•G41 Cutter compensation left
•G42 Cutter compensation right
•G80 Cancel canned cycles
•G81 Drilling cycle
•G82 Counter boring cycle
•G83 Deep hole drilling cycle
•G90 Absolute positioning
•G91 Incremental positioning
 M codes

•M02 Program end

•M03 Spindle on clockwise
•M04 Spindle on counter clockwise
•M05 Spindle stop
•M06 Tool change
•M08 Coolant on
•M09 Coolant off
•M10 Clamps on
•M11 Clamps off
•M30 Program stop and tape rewind