A SEMINAR

PRESENTATION ON
CNC MACHINE

SESSION 2018-19

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:- RAHUL

Mr. ABHINAV SHARMA [Link] 7TH SEM. (M.E.)
(HOD OF MECH. DEPT.) 15ENAME069
CONTENTS
1. HISTORY OF CNC
2. CNC MACHINE
3. NC, CNC & DNC
4. PARTS OF CNC
5. TYPES OF CNC
6. CNC LATHE OPERATIONS
7. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CNC
8. HOW CNC WORKS?
9. FEATURES OF CNC
10. COMMON FORMATE OF A BLOCK
11. CNC PROGRAMMING BASICS
12. HOW TO SET CO-ORDINATE?
13. TURNING OPERATION
14. G AND M CODES
15. ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATONS OF CNC
16. APPLICATION OF CNC
17. CONCLUSION
HISTORY OF CNC
 1949- US Air force asks MIT to develop a “Numerical
Control” machine (concept developed in the mind of
JOHN PARSON).
 1952- Prototype of NC machine demonstrated
(punched tape input).
 1960- Direct/distributed numerical control (DNC)
 1980- CNC machine came in existence (Computer
directly linked to controller).
CNC MACHINE
 Advanced version of the Numerical
control (NC) machine.

 Conventionally, an operator decides

and adjusts various machines
parameters like feed , depth of cut etc
depending on type of job , and controls
the slide movements by hand. In a CNC
Machine functions and slide
movements are controlled by motors
using computer programs.

 In modern CNC systems, end-to-end

component design is highly automated
using computer-aided design (CAD)
and computer-aided manufacturing
(CAM) programs.
NC, CNC & DNC
DNC (Cont’d)
PARTS OF CNC
 Head stock (live
centre)
 Bed
 Spindle
 Control panel
 Chuck
 Tailstock (dead centre)
 Stabilizer
 Door
 Motor
TYPES OF CNC
 CNC Milling Machine
 CNC Lathe Machine
 CNC Plasma Cutting
 CNC Laser Cutting
 5 Axis CNC
 6 Axis CNC
CNC LATHE OPERATIONS
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CNC
HOW CNC WORKS
 Controlled by G and M codes
 These are number values and co-ordinates
 Each number and codes is assigned to a particular
operation
 Typed manually to CAD by machine operator
 G and M codes are automatically generated by the
computer software
FEATURES OF CNC MACHINE
 The tool moves automatically
 Tools can operates in 1 to 5 axis
 Larger machines have a machine control unit (MCU)
which manages operations
 Movements is controlled by motors
 Feedback is provided by sensors(transducers)
 Tool magazines are used to change tools automatically
COMMON FORMATE OF A BLOCK
CNC PROGRAMMING
Important things to know Programming instructions
 Coordinates system  Preparatory codes:
G codes- initial machining setup
 Units, incremental and absolute and establishing operating
positioning conditions
 Coordinates- X,Y,Z,RX,RY,RZ N codes- specify program line
number
 Feed rate and spindle speed
 Axis codes- specify slide motion
 Control coolant: on/off, flood, along X,Y,Z
mist  Feed and speed codes- F and S
 Tool controls: Tool and tool specify feed and spindle speed
parameters  Tool codes- T- specify tool number
 Miscellaneous codes- M codes for
coolant control and other activities
REFERENCE POINT(R)
WORKPIECE ZERO POINT(W)
COMMON G-CODES
 G00 - Rapid positioning (U0.0 W0.0)
 G01 - Linear interpolation (X0.0 Z0.0 F____)
 G02- Circular interpolation CW (X0.0 Z0.0 R____)
 G03- Circular interpolation CCW
 G17,18,19- XY, XZ, YZ Plane
 G20- Inch input
 G21- Metric input
 G28- Home position or return to reference point(G28 U0.0 W0.0)
 G29- Return from reference point
 G40- Tool nose radius compensation cancel
 G41- Tool nose radius compensation left
G-CODES (Cont’d)
 G42- Tool nose radius compensation right
 G43- Tool length compensation positive direction
 G44- Tool length compensation negative direction
 G49- Tool length compensation cancels
 G54-59 WCS(Word Coordinate System)
 G90- Absolute programming
 G91- Incremental programming
 G96- Constant surface speed
 G98- Feed in mm
M-CODES
 M00- Program stop
 M01- Optional program stop
 M02- Program end
 M03- Spindle start (CW)
 M04- Spindle start (CCW)
 M05- Spindle stop
 M06- Tool change
 M07- Mist coolant on
 M08- fluid coolant on
 M09- Coolant off
 M10- Chuck open
 M11- Chuck close
 M30- Program end, return to start
How to set co-ordinate?
1. Take a job and dimensioned
2. Draw a sketch as per desired with required
dimension
3. Determine how many end points possible in the
desired
4. Select the origin of the given job
5. Then give co-ordinates (as given in the next slide)
TURNING OPERATION
 X0.0 Z0.0
 X10.0 Z0.0
 X10.0 Z-30.0
 X30.0 Z-30.0
 X30.0 Z-70.0
 X50.0 Z-70.0
 X50.0 Z-100.0
Advantages of CNC
 Easier to program
 Easy storage of existing program
 Easy to change a program
 Avoids human errors
 One person can supervise many CNC machines
simultaneously
 Saves time
 Usually generates closer tolerances than manual machines
 High accuracy and repeatability
 Reduce production cost and increase productivity
 Complex machining operations easily performed
Limitations of CNC
 High initial investment
 Requires high maintenance cost
 Computers, programming knowledge required
 Skilled operators
APPLCATION OF CNC
 Metal removal industries
 Fabricated metal industries
 Electrical discharge machining(EDM) industry
 Wood working industry
 Aerospace
 Automotive
 Defence
 Sports
CONCLUSION
 Standard CNC machines generally can machined
accurately to 0.001-0.0005 in.
 The advantage of a CNC system are that the operation
of a conventional machine is removed and the part
production is made automatic.
 It reduces the labor work and hence highly efficient in
the manufacturing process.
 The work becomes easier and jobs are done with
perfection.