V.S.B.

ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KARUR

Department of Civil Engineering
Academic Year: 2020-2021 (EVEN Semester)
CONTENT BEYOND SYLLABUS
Class: III Year / VI Semester B.E. Civil Engineering
Name of Subject: Air Pollution and Control Engineering
Name of Faculty Member: Mrs.M.Saranyadevi

UNIT-II
METEOROLOGY
AN OVERVIEW OF INDIAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION

India Meteorological Department (IMD) under Ministry of Earth Sciences is the principal
Government agency in all matters relating to Meteorology, Seismology and allied disciplines and
provides weather and climate services to the public and specialized sectors. It was setup in 1875 by
the Government of India with an objective to study systematically the climate and weather in India
as a whole with its headquarters at Kolkata. In view of geophysical and meteorological diversity to
meet administrative and operational requirements, presently whole India is divided into six
regional meteorological centers with headquarter located at New Delhi.

MAJOR SERVICES OF THE DEPARTMENT

The meteorological services have significant impact on every sphere of life. The demand
for accurate prediction of weather and climate at short and long time scales is increasing due to the
increased awareness of possible impacts of weather and climate. During recent years, the
department has undergone a changeover from being a data provider to service provider. Improved
and reliable forecast of weather and climate requires routine integrations of observations using
very high resolution dynamical models with high complexity (e.g. coupled ocean - atmosphere -
biosphere – cry sphere models). A combined approach involving land, ocean and atmospheric
processes hold the key to improve the forecasts at various temporal and spatial ranges for
providing a credible policy tool. Intensive monitoring of various weather systems through different
platform based observing systems including satellites provide not only the necessary information
about weather systems but their assimilation in numerical models provides accurate forecasts.

CLIMATE PROFILE OF INDIA

India is home to an extraordinary variety of climatic regions, ranging from tropical in the south
to temperate and alpine in the Himalayan north, where elevated regions receive sustained winter
snowfall. The nation's climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert. Details
of weather along with associated systems during different seasons are presented as under:
 Winter Season / Cold Weather Season (January and February)
 Pre-monsoon season/ Summer season/ Hot weather season/ Thunderstorm season
(March, April and May)
 South-west Monsoon/ Summer Monsoon (June, July, August and September)
  Post-monsoon or Northeast monsoon or Retreating SW Monsoon season
(October, November and December)

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES FOR AGRICULTURE IN INDIA

In order to provide direct services to the farming community of the country, an exclusive
division of Agricultural Meteorology was set up in 1932 under the umbrella of IMD at Pune with
the objective to minimize the impact of adverse weather on crops and to make use of favorable
weather to boost agricultural production. It is also the centre for research programmes in
agricultural meteorology and, has field units in various parts of the country. Besides, forecasts and
advisories for farmers are issued by IMD’s forecasting offices located at different state capitals.
Services of the division are:
 Gramin Krishi Mausam Seva
 Dissemination of Agromet Advisories
 Feedback and awareness of Agromet service
 Training programmes for Agrometeorological Field Units

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

In addition to routine weather monitoring and forecasting, the environment, air quality and
air pollution monitoring are some other areas of responsibility of the Department. Information
gathered through environmental monitoring is important to decision makers, inside and outside the
government.IMD has taken initiatives to establish the environmental monitoring networks for
environmental impact assessments and harmful effects on the natural environment. IMD provides
environmental meteorological services to the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate
Change and conducts environmental impact assessment of development projects. IMD also
provides air quality forecast services to public under the project System for Air Quality
Forecasting and Research (SAFAR)with IITM, Pune

Earthquake Monitoring National Centre for Seismology (NCS), IMD under Ministry of Earth
Sciences (MOES) is nodal agency of Government of India dealing with various activities in the
field of seismology and allied disciplines. The broad and ultimate objectives of the NCS are:
 Provide earthquake (Magnitude: 3.0 and above) related information to all user agencies in
shortest possible time.
 Provide earthquake hazard and risk related products of specific regions required by various
agencies as mitigate measures for design and construction of earthquake resistant
structures, and use planning and for enacting building bye-laws towards minimizing
damage to property and loss of lives due to earthquakes.
 Carry out research in pure and applied seismology and earthquake precursory phenomena,
earthquake processes and modeling.