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8 V HVAC Details
8 V HVAC Details
§ The
amount of solar
heat energy allowed to
pass through a window
§ Example:SHGC = 0.40
Allows 40% through and
turns 60% away
Psychrometrics
• Dry bulb temp.
• Wet bulb temp.
• Humidity
• Dew point
• Moisture content
• Heating
• Cooling
• Humidify
• De-Humidify
Psychrometric Chart
Basic Refrigeration Cycle
Condenser
Compressor
Expansion
Valve
Evaporator
Basic HVAC Equipment
• Fans / Blowers
• Furnace / Heating unit
• Filters
• Compressor
• Condensing units
• Evaporator (cooling coil)
• Control System
• Air Distribution System
System Types and Common Terms
Ductwork
Heating
and Cooling
Equipment
FURNACE
A/C UNIT
Temperature &
Humidity Controls
Heat Pump
• Operate on simple
refrigeration cycle
• Reversing the cycle
provides heating
• Temperature
limitations
• Air to air
• Water source
• Geothermal
• Lake coupled
Variable Air Volume
Variable Speed
Supply Fan Supply Ducts
VAV Box
Filters
Cool Coil w/Temp Reset
Reheat Coil
Reset
T T
Zone Thermostat
HVAC-14
Terminal Units
Hydronic systems
• Pumps
• Piping
• Valves
Control Devices
• Thermostats
– Manual
– Programmable
• Optimum Start
• DDC Systems
• Variable Speed Drives
• Automatic Valves and Dampers
• Outdoor Sensors
Major Equipment
• Chillers
• Boilers
• Cooling Towers
Economizers
Free cooling source: When available, use cool outdoor air
instead of mechanically cooled air.
Minimum supply 55 oF and
of outside air up
55 oF 85%
outside
air
85%
80 oF exhaust 80 oF
W Core E
S
Air Distribution
• Ductwork
– Metal
– Flexible
– Ductboard
• Grilles, Louvers,
& Registers
• Dampers
– Shut off
– Fire
– Smoke
• Sealants
• Supports
Additional Equipment
60 Smoking 62-89
50
40
Flugge
Billings
1905
30 1895
Nightengale Smoking 62-81
1865
ASH-
20 RAE
ASHRAE 62-89
62-73
10 Tredgold Yaglou
1836 1938
0 ASHRAE 62-81
35
42
49
56
63
70
77
84
91
98
05
12
19
26
33
40
47
54
61
68
75
82
89
96
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
Improved Ventilation Effectiveness
• Effective mixing of ventilation air
within space
• Vary ventilation based on the
number of occupants and process
loads - changes in occupancy can
be measured by CO2 sensors
• Consider designs that separate
ventilation and space conditioning
• Utilize heat recovery systems to
reduce system size energy costs
• Avoid: loading docks, exhaust
vents, plumbing stacks, waste
collection & stagnant water