LOGIC: Activity 2

Amo, Nina Kryscha Grace Y.

Mercadal, Krizea Caessandra A.

1.
 PREMISES CONCLUSION VALID OR INVALID?
A. (1) The number of A. The Government failed Need more info
COVID-19 cases in the to protect Filipinos from
Philippines barely the pandemic.
decreased.
(2) Healthcare workers
and institutions lack in the
essential protective
medical equipment.

B. (1) The witness B. Therefore, Bill goes to Can’t tell

confirmed that Bill is the jail.
killer.
(2) The court had all
the sufficient evidence to
establish the defendant
(Bill) guilty.

C. (1) Good politicians C. Therefore, Senator Can’t tell

secure help to their Clarise Starling is a good
people with their politician.
respective advocacies.
(2) Clarise Starling is a
newly elected Senator.

A. (1) If Jim is an abuser, B. Therefore, Jim is an Definitely invalid

he should go to jail.
(2) Jim is under
investigation.
B. (1) Zodiac signs can tell
your personality.
(2) Zodiac signs can
even predict how your
will turn out.
C. (1) Inventors are
abuser.
C. Therefore, zodiac signs Definitely invalid
can predict your future.
2.
C. Therefore, all scientists Definitely invalid
are

A. (1) All crows don’t have A. Therefore, all crows are A. Invalid/Can’t tell
wings. black.
(2) Everything that
doesn’t have wings is
black.
B. (1) All whales have B. Therefore, all whales B. Need more info
wings. are mammals.
(2) All mammals have
wings.

C. (1) All SHS students are
taking the ABM Track.
(2) All SHS students are
celebrating ABM Days
annually.
A. (1) All fish have wings.
C. All ABM students are C. Can’t tell
celebrating ABM days
annually.
A. All dogs have wings. A. Invalid/Can’t tell
(SYLLOGISM, TRIVIAL PRINCIPLE)

(f1) (1) all scientists are inventors.

all inventors are engineers.
/all scientists are engineers.

(2) all perfumes are colognes.

all colognes are expensive.
/all perfumes are expensive.

(3) all trees are plants.

all plants are mahogany.
/all trees are mahogany.

(4) all carp are fish.

all fish are sharks.
/all carp are sharks.

(5) all reptiles are animals.

all animals are crocodiles.
/all crocodiles are animals.

(f2) (1) all Toyotas are Chinese cars.

some Toyotas are made in America.
/some Chinese cars are made in America.

(2) all bags are made from leather.

some bags are purse.
/some made from leather are purse.

(3) all windows are fragile.

some windows are glass.
/some fragile are glass.

(4) all athletes are tall.

some athletes are students.
/some students are tall.

(5) all dogs are cute.

some dogs are cute.
/some animals are cute.
(f3) (1) all parrots are birds.
no foxes are birds.
/no parrots are foxes.
(2) all cigarettes are expensive.
no non-addictive things are added in for non-recreational use.
/no cigarettes are non-addictive.
(3) all humans alive have rights.
no who's heart is already not beating has rights to his properties.
/no human alive has his heart already not beating.
(4) all grasses are plants.
no lotus leaves are slender, narrow and long.
/no grasses are lotus leaves.
(5) all roses are flowers.
no sunflowers are violet.
/no roses are sunflowers.

(f4) (1) no snakes are cows

some cows are dangerous
/some snakes are not dangerous
(2) no dropped-out is still a student.
some teachers are in a state of regret.
/some dropped-out are not in a state of regret.
(3) no highly-trained dog is vicious
some vicious dogs are police dogs
/some highly-trained dogs are not police dogs
(4) no rich people have emptied bank accounts.
some emptied bank accounts belong to hardworkers.
/some rich people are not hardworkers.
(5) no light color is dark.
some dark colors are pleasant to the eyes.
/some lights colors are not pleasant to the eyes.
3.
(a1) all cats are mammals
some mammals are pets
/ some cats are pets
(a2) all Lutherans are Protestants
some Protestants are Democrats
/some Lutherans are Democrats
(a3) no cats are dogs
no dogs are apes
/no cats are apes
(a4) all humans are mammals
no humans are reptiles
/no mammals are reptiles
(a5) no men are women
no women are fathers
/no men are fathers
(a6) all men are humans
no men are mothers
/no humans are mothers
Counterexamples
all cats are mammals
some mammals are dogs
some cats are dogs
all oranges are fruits
some fruits are oranges
some oranges are bananas
no cats are dogs
no dogs are siamese
no cats are siamese
all humans are mammals
no humans are whales
no mammals are whales
no men are women
no women are priests
no men are priests
all men are humans
no men are women
no humans are women