PVSYST V6.

87 21/08/20 Page 1/7

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Project : New Project

Geographical Site Mango Country Bangladesh

Situation Latitude 24.96° N Longitude 91.00° E

Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+6 Altitude 9m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data: Mango Meteonorm 7.2 (1991-2010), Sat=100% - Synthetic

Simulation variant : 1.748, 445Wp Mono, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_9.5m, 5 deg, Central, E-W azimuth
Simulation date 20/08/20 17h49
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Simulation parameters System type Rows as domes east-west

2 orientations tilts/azimuths 5° /90° and 5° /-90°

Sheds configuration Nb. of sheds 112 Identical arrays

Sheds spacing 9.50 m Collector width 4.23 m

Shading limit angle Limit profile angle 4.0° Ground cov. Ratio (GCR) 44.5 %

Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm

Horizon Free Horizon

Near Shadings According to module strings Electrical effect 70 %

User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)

Grid power limitation Active Power 32.0 MW Pnom ratio 1.748

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Si-mono Model LR4-72HPH-445M-new
Custom parameters definition Manufacturer Longi Solar
Number of PV modules In series 28 modules In parallel 4488 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 125664 Unit Nom. Power 445 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 55920 kWp At operating cond. 50859 kWp (50° C)
Array operating characteristics (50° C) U mpp 1028 V I mpp 49483 A
Total area Module area 273140 m²

Inverter Model SG3125HV-30

Custom parameters definition Manufacturer Sungrow
Characteristics Operating Voltage 875-1300 V Unit Nom. Power 3125 kWac
Max. power (=>45° C) 3437 kWac

Inverter pack Nb. of inverters 22 * MPPT 50 % Total Power 34375 kWac

Pnom ratio 1.63

PV Array loss factors

Array Soiling Losses Loss Fraction 2.0 %
Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 29.0 W/m² K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m² K / m/s

Wiring Ohmic Loss Global array res. 0.30 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.3 % at STC
PVSYST V6.87 21/08/20 Page 2/7

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

LID - Light Induced Degradation Loss Fraction 1.5 %
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction -0.3 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 0.5 % at MPP
Strings Mismatch loss Loss Fraction 0.10 %
Module average degradation Year no 1 Loss factor 0.4 %/year
Mismatch due to degradation Imp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year Vmp RMS dispersion 0.4 %/year
Incidence effect (IAM): Fresnel AR coating, n(glass)=1.526, n(AR)=1.290

0° 30° 50° 60° 70° 75° 80° 85° 90°

1.000 0.999 0.987 0.962 0.892 0.816 0.681 0.440 0.000

Spectral correction FirstSolar model

Coefficient Set C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
0 0 0 0 0 0

System loss factors

AC loss, transfo to injection Grid Voltage 33 kV
Wires: 3x1000.0 mm² 7584 m Loss Fraction 0.7 % at STC
External transformer Iron loss (24H connexion) 109992 W Loss Fraction 0.2 % at STC
Resistive/Inductive losses 297.0 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Unavailability of the system 3.7 days, 5 periods Time fraction 1.0 %

Auxiliaries loss Proportionnal to Power 1.5 W/kW ... from Power thresh. 3437.5 kW
PVSYST V6.87 21/08/20 Page 3/7

Grid-Connected System: Near shading definition

Project : New Project

Simulation variant : 1.748, 445Wp Mono, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_9.5m, 5 deg, Central, E-W azimuth
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Rows as domes east-west

Near Shadings According to module strings Electrical effect 70 %

PV Field Orientation 2 orientations Tilt/Azimuth = 5° /90° and 5° /-90°
PV modules Model LR4-72HPH-445M-new Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 125664 Pnom total 55920 kWp
Inverter Model SG3125HV-30 Pnom 3125 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 11.0 Pnom total 34375 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Perspective of the PV-field and surrounding shading scene

Iso-shadings diagram
New Project
Beam shading factor (according to strings)12h
: Iso-shadings curves
90
Shading loss: 1 % 1
Attenuation for diffuse:
2
0.002
1: 22 june
Shading loss: 5 % and albedo: 0.281
2: 22 may - 23 july
Shading
11h loss: 10 %
13h3: 20 apr - 23 aug
Shading loss: 20 % 3
75 4: 20 mar - 23 sep
Shading loss: 40 %
5: 21 feb - 23 oct
6: 19 jan - 22 nov
10h 4 14hdecember
7: 22
60

5
9h
Sun height [[°]]

15h

45 6
7
8h
16h

30

7h
17h

15
6h
18h

Behind Behind
the plane the plane
0
-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120
Azimuth [[° ]]
PVSYST V6.87 21/08/20 Page 4/7

Grid-Connected System: Main results

Project : New Project

Simulation variant : 1.748, 445Wp Mono, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_9.5m, 5 deg, Central, E-W azimuth
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Rows as domes east-west

Near Shadings According to module strings Electrical effect 70 %

PV Field Orientation 2 orientations Tilt/Azimuth = 5° /90° and 5° /-90°
PV modules Model LR4-72HPH-445M-new Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 125664 Pnom total 55920 kWp
Inverter Model SG3125HV-30 Pnom 3125 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 11.0 Pnom total 34375 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Main simulation results

System Production Produced Energy 78863 MWh/year Specific prod. 1410 kWh/kWp/year

Performance Ratio PR 79.21 %

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 55920 kWp Performance Ratio PR
7 1.0

Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 0.82 kWh/kWp/day PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.792
0.9
Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.2 kWh/kWp/day
6
Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 3.86 kWh/kWp/day
0.8
Normalized Energy [kWh/kWp/day]

5 0.7
Performance Ratio PR

0.6
4

0.5

3
0.4

2 0.3

0.2
1
0.1

0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1.748, 445Wp Mono, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_9.5m, 5 deg, Central, E-W azimuth
Balances and main results

GlobHor DiffHor T_Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid PR

kWh/m² kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh

January 139.2 33.2 17.16 139.2 131.2 6854 6583 0.846

February 140.4 48.9 20.25 140.4 133.3 6677 6271 0.799

March 171.9 68.9 24.44 171.9 163.5 7752 7455 0.776

April 173.6 88.4 26.27 173.5 164.6 7845 7551 0.778

May 174.0 100.7 27.66 173.7 164.9 7877 7583 0.780

June 138.9 96.5 27.74 138.6 131.0 6461 6005 0.775

July 141.1 88.7 28.42 140.7 133.1 6381 6054 0.770

August 147.3 87.4 28.56 147.0 139.3 6659 5991 0.729

September 141.4 81.3 27.58 141.2 133.6 6512 6262 0.793

October 149.5 63.3 26.50 149.5 141.5 6991 6721 0.804

November 143.7 30.7 22.52 143.8 135.7 6863 6592 0.820

December 121.0 42.0 18.84 121.0 113.5 6035 5796 0.856

Year 1782.0 830.0 24.68 1780.4 1685.2 82906 78863 0.792

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings

DiffHor Horizontal diffuse irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array

T_Amb T amb. E_Grid Energy injected into grid

GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane PR Performance Ratio

PVSYST V6.87 21/08/20 Page 5/7

Grid-Connected System: Special graphs

Project : New Project

Simulation variant : 1.748, 445Wp Mono, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_9.5m, 5 deg, Central, E-W azimuth
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Rows as domes east-west

Near Shadings According to module strings Electrical effect 70 %

PV Field Orientation 2 orientations Tilt/Azimuth = 5° /90° and 5° /-90°
PV modules Model LR4-72HPH-445M-new Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 125664 Pnom total 55920 kWp
Inverter Model SG3125HV-30 Pnom 3125 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 11.0 Pnom total 34375 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Daily Input/Output diagram

350000
Values from 01/01 to 31/12
300000
[kWh/day]

250000
grid

200000
into

150000
injected

100000
Energy

50000

-50000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Global incident in coll. plane [kWh/m² .day]

System Output Power Distribution

Values from 01/01 to 31/12

Energy injected into grid [kWh / Bin]

2000000

1500000

1000000

500000

0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000
Power injected into grid [kW]
PVSYST V6.87 21/08/20 Page 6/7

Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Project : New Project

Simulation variant : 1.748, 445Wp Mono, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_9.5m, 5 deg, Central, E-W azimuth
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Rows as domes east-west

Near Shadings According to module strings Electrical effect 70 %

PV Field Orientation 2 orientations Tilt/Azimuth = 5° /90° and 5° /-90°
PV modules Model LR4-72HPH-445M-new Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 125664 Pnom total 55920 kWp
Inverter Model SG3125HV-30 Pnom 3125 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 11.0 Pnom total 34375 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Loss diagram over the whole year

1782 kWh/m² Horizontal global irradiation

-0.09% Global incident in coll. plane

-0.05% Global incident below threshold
-0.13% Near Shadings: irradiance loss
-3.29% IAM factor on global
-2.00% Soiling loss factor

1685 kWh/m² * 273140 m² coll. Effective irradiation on collectors

efficiency at STC = 20.53% PV conversion

94497 MWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-0.20% Module Degradation Loss ( for year #1)
+0.01% PV loss due to irradiance level

-6.27% PV loss due to temperature

+0.30% Spectral correction

-0.02% Shadings: Electrical Loss acc. to strings

+0.27% Module quality loss

-1.50% LID - Light induced degradation

-0.60% Mismatch loss, modules and strings
-0.77% Ohmic wiring loss
0.00% Mixed orientation mismatch loss
86359 MWh Array virtual energy at MPP

-1.44% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

-0.83% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.00% Inverter Loss due to max. input current
0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
-0.01% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.00% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
-0.01% Night consumption
84390 MWh Available Energy at Inverter Output

-0.14% Auxiliaries (fans, other)

-1.03% System unavailability
-0.32% AC ohmic loss
-1.83% External transfo loss
-3.36% Unused energy (grid limitation)
78863 MWh Energy injected into grid
PVSYST V6.87 21/08/20 Page 7/7

Grid-Connected System: P50 - P90 evaluation

Project : New Project

Simulation variant : 1.748, 445Wp Mono, 1.5m, 13% (Portrait)_9.5m, 5 deg, Central, E-W azimuth
Simulation for the 1st year of operation

Main system parameters System type Rows as domes east-west

Near Shadings According to module strings Electrical effect 70 %

PV Field Orientation 2 orientations Tilt/Azimuth = 5° /90° and 5° /-90°
PV modules Model LR4-72HPH-445M-new Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 125664 Pnom total 55920 kWp
Inverter Model SG3125HV-30 Pnom 3125 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 11.0 Pnom total 34375 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Evaluation of the Production probability forecast

The probability distribution of the system production forecast for different years is mainly dependent

on the meteo data used for the simulation, and depends on the following choices:

Meteo data source Meteonorm 7.2 (1991-2010), Sat=100%

Meteo data Kind TMY, multi-year
Specified Deviation Climate change 0.0 %
Year-to-year variability Variance 2.5 %

The probability distribution variance is also depending on some system parameters uncertainties
Specified Deviation PV module modelling/parameters 1.0 %
Inverter efficiency uncertainty 0.5 %
Soiling and mismatch uncertainties 1.0 %
Degradation uncertainty 1.0 %
Global variability (meteo + system) Variance 3.1 % (quadratic sum)

Annual production probability Variability 2431 MWh

P50 78863 MWh
P90 75746 MWh
P75 77225 MWh

Probability distribution

0.50
0.45 P50 = 78863257 kWh
0.40 E_Grid simul = 78863257 kWh
0.35
P75 = 77224537 kWh
0.30
Probability

0.25
0.20
P90 = 75746361 kWh
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
72000000 74000000 76000000 78000000 80000000 82000000 84000000 86000000
E_Grid system production kWh