Heat Transfer Fluids

DOWCAL™ Fluids
Inhibited Glycol-based Heat Transfer Fluids
Guide to Products, System Design, Installation and Operation
 DOWCAL™ Fluids

Table of Contents

Introduction to DOWCAL™ 100, DOWCAL™ 200 and DOWCAL™ N Fluids Page 4

Advantages of DOWCAL™ Fluids Page 5

Selecting the Right DOWCAL™ Fluid Page 6

Typical Applications for DOWCAL™ Fluids Page 8

Corrosion Protection Capabilities Page 11

Using DOWCAL™ Fluids Page 13

– Material Compatibility Page 13

– Storage of DOWCAL™ Fluids Page 14

– Fluid Analysis Recommendations Page 14

– Fluid Dilution Requirements Page 14

– Disposal of Solutions of DOWCAL™ Fluids Page 14

– Fluid Flammability and Fire Hazards Page 14

– Facts on Food Contact Page 15

– Fluid Handling Page 15

– System Design Page 15

– Preparing New Systems for Use of DOWCAL™ Fluids Page 15

– Preparing Existing Systems for Use of DOWCAL™ Fluids Page 15

Physical Properties of DOWCAL™ Fluids Page 16

3
DOWCAL™ Fluids

Breweries use DOWCAL™ N Fluid to control fermentation and wort tanks temperature.

DOWCAL™ 100, DOWCAL™ 200 and DOWCAL™ N Fluids

High Performance Inhibited Glycol-based Heat Transfer Fluids

DOWCAL™ heat transfer fluids are clear, ethylene or propylene
glycol-based liquids formulated with our signature corrosion
inhibitors for optimum system performance. They are optimal
solutions if the freezing point of water is not low enough to
allow its use in certain applications. Typically diluted with
water, DOWCAL™ fluids offer reduced viscosity, increased heat
capacity and thermal conductivity, and take advantage of the
excellent heat transfer properties of water over a broad range
of temperatures.

™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow

4

Advantages of
DOWCAL™ Heat
Transfer Fluids
Are all heat transfer fluids the same?
Absolutely not. Heat transfer fluids
must address a wide range of often
vastly different process-specific needs.
Selection of the wrong product for a
given application may cause damage
when the system is filled. Corrosion or
gasket decomposition can lead to leaks,
lack of performance and damage to
property at the worst case. Major
equipment overhauls may be required
to repair system damage. Considering
the potential high price of system
repairs – and the potential cost of
property and other damage in the event
of a system failure and leakage due
to ruptured components, it pays to
carefully select a heat transfer fluid.
Dow offers a full range of DOWCAL™
heat transfer fluids – including both
ethylene glycol- and propylene glycol-
based fluids – to meet your specific
system requirements. When you choose
a DOWCAL™ fluid, you can be confident
it will provide long-lasting protection
and performance without jeopardizing
the integrity of the equipment in
which it is used.
• Corrosion Protection—DOWCAL™
fluids are formulated with carefully
chosen corrosion inhibitors to provide
protection to the metallic parts of
process equipment, therefore improving
process efficiency and reducing food contact on page 15 of this brochure).
maintenance costs. DOWCAL™ 100 and
DOWCAL™ 200 in particular are very
efficient at protecting aluminum (see
additional details on page 11 and 12).
• Compatibility—DOWCAL™ fluids set
the industry standard for compatibility.
The fluid formulations will not affect
most plastics and metals, minimizing
the potential for gasket decomposition
in process equipment.
DOWCAL™ Fluids
Ground source heat pumps use DOWCAL™ 100 and DOWCAL™ 200 fluids to help provide efficient heating and cooling in private and
industrial buildings while reducing energy use.
• Long-lasting Performance—DOWCAL™ Expert Technical Support
fluids are also long-lasting and can be As a Dow heat transfer fluids customer,
operated for many years in properly you have direct access to our industry-
maintained systems. Their special leading heat transfer expertise,
corrosion inhibitor package supports including our in-depth and highly
higher temperature operation diversified application experience.
compared to alternative technologies. Dow heat transfer specialists will help
you select the exact fluid you require,
• Sustainable—DOWCAL™ fluids are then work with you to properly install
nitrite, borax, and CMR (carcinogenic, and optimize fluid operation for best
mutagenic, and reprotoxic) free. results. Contact us as indicated on the
back of this brochure to learn more
• Formulated for Maximum about our services and to begin
Convenience— DOWCAL 100 and working with our experts on your
DOWCAL 200 can be diluted with successful heat transfer project.
local tap water supplies when
demineralized water is not available. Additional Resources
(See additional details on page 14). FLUIDFILE™ software from Dow is
available to assist in the design of
• Use in Regulated Industries – heating and cooling processes and in
DOWCAL™ N is suitable for use in food the selection of the best DOWCAL™ fluid
plants (see additional details regarding for specific applications. FLUIDFILE™
provides physical properties and fluid
dynamics for any temperature range
and any DOWCAL™/water mixing ratio.
Combined with the information in
this guide, FLUIDFILE™ can help you
achieve optimum heat transfer system
performance. Visit www.DOWCAL.com
to download the FLUIDFILE™ Software.
5
DOWCAL™ Fluids
Selecting the Right DOWCAL™ Fluid
DOWCAL™ fluids are used successfully
in a wide range of applications, from
renewable energy and HVAC systems,
to chemical, pharmaceutical and
food processing. Your choice of fluid
will depend both on where it will
be used and your operating
temperature requirements.
• DOWCAL™ 100 heat transfer fluid is an
ethylene glycol-based fluid especially
suitable for use in the pharmaceutical
and specialty chemical industry to
heat and cool reactors, but also
for heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems, as
well as ground source heat pumps.
DOWCAL™ 100
DOWCAL™ 200
DOWCAL™ N
-50°C 0°C 50°C 100°C 150°C 200°C
Note: If operated above 100°C, the fluid needs to be pressurized to avoid evaporation in the system
6
• DOWCAL™ 200 heat transfer fluid is a
propylene glycol-based fluid that is
low in acute oral toxicity, which
makes it particularly suitable for
applications where toxicity is a
concern. In particular, it is suitable
for heating, ventilating and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems, ground
source heat pumps, and solar panels.
It can also be used for secondary
cooling systems in recreational
facilities such as ice rinks.
• DOWCAL™ N heat transfer fluid is a
propylene glycol-based fluid containing
a special corrosion inhibitor package.
It is the preferred choice for the food
and beverage industry.
DOWCAL™ 100 and DOWCAL™ 200 have
recommended operating temperature
ranges of -50°C to 175°C while
DOWCAL™ N has a recommended
range from -50°C to 120°C. Efficiency
and operating conditions can differ
within those temperature ranges.
Refer to the graphic below for guidance.
DOWCAL™ 100 and DOWCAL™ 200 heat transfer fluids are
suitable for HVAC systems.
Limited pumpability
and heat transfer due
to high viscosity
Optimum operating
temperature range
Fluid can be operated
with minimum oxygen
contact
Acceptable when
exposure is brief and
followed by cooling
 DOWCAL™ Fluids

Typical Properties of DOWCAL™ Fluids*

DOWCAL™ 100 DOWCAL™ 2OO DOWCAL™ N

Composition, wt %
•Ethylene glycol 91
•Propylene glycol 92 95.5
•Inhibitors and water 9 8 4.5
Color Colorless Colorless Colorless
Density at 20°C, g/cm 3
1.130 - 1.140 1.045 - 1.055 1.045 - 1.055
Reserve alkalinity min. (mL) 10 10 9
pH
7.6 - 8.2 7.2 - 7.6 9.5 - 10.5
50% vol. in water
Maximum Concentration % 20% 20% 25%
Freezing point
50% volume in water -38 -33 -31
33% volume in water -19 -16 -14

Physical Properties of DOWCAL™ Fluids*

DOWCAL™ 100 DOWCAL™ 2OO DOWCAL™ N

Boiling Range at 1013 mbar, °C 145 - 155 140 - 150 160 - 170
Viscosity at 20°C dynamic, 25 - 30 60 - 65 45 - 60
mPa.sec
Viscosity at 20°C kinematic, 15 - 25 55 - 60 40 - 60
mm2/sec
Refractive Index, ND, 20°C 1.434 1.436 1.432
Specific Heat at 20°C, kJ/kg.K 2.33 2.18 2.45
Thermal Conductivity at 20°C, 0.29 0.21 0.24
W/m.K
Specific electrical conductivity 5140 2770 2060
50% vol. in water, MS/cm
*Typical properties, not to be construed as specifications

Note: freezing point varies as a function of the concentration of DOWCAL™ fluid in the solution. Specific
heat, density, thermal conductivity and viscosity also vary depending on the concentration of DOWCAL™
fluid as well as the temperature at which the DOWCAL™ solution is used. See the freezing and boiling
point tables on pages 16,17 and 18 or refer to FLUIDFILE™ software from Dow to review properties
data at specific fluid concentrations and system temperatures. Download the FLUIDFILE™ software at
www.DOWCAL.com.

7
DOWCAL™ Fluids
Typical Applications for DOWCAL™ Fluids
Heating and Cooling Applications
Ground Source Heat Pumps
A heat pump system extracts the consistent subsurface
temperature of the earth or surface water to provide efficient
heating and cooling in private and industrial buildings while
reducing energy use. DOWCAL™ fluids are circulated through
underground or underwater piping, carrying thermal energy
to and from the building. To prevent freezing when the
transfer fluid contacts the evaporating refrigerant at sub-zero
temperatures, DOWCAL™ 100 or DOWCAL™ 200 can be
circulated in the captors/probes. DOWCAL™ fluids can be
diluted to 20% concentration in order to provide corrosion
protection while maintaining pumping efficiency.
Solar Panels
Active solar thermal systems, such as flat panel collectors,
rely on the solar energy to heat-up a fluid, which is circulated
in an area that requires heat. This is how, in residential
buildings for instance, domestic water can be indirectly
In solar panels, a solution of DOWCAL™ 200 fluid absorbs solar heat, and transports the energy so it can be used to heat water or air.
8
(via a heat exchanger) warmed-up, therefore supporting the
building’s heating system. In such applications, DOWCAL™
200 is an optimum heat transfer fluid choice: it prevents
pipes from bursting during cold weather, and/or eliminates
the need for system drainage every year, while maintaining
excellent heat transfer efficiencies. In collectors built with
aluminum tubes, DOWCAL™ 200 offers best in class corrosion
protection, reducing overall collector maintenance costs.
HVAC
Modern HVAC systems frequently use a glycol based heat
transfer fluid to transport heat and cold from heating and
cooling units to the consumers. When designing, installing
or operating these water-based HVAC systems, DOWCAL™ 100
and DOWCAL™ 200 provide the required system protection
against freezing and corrosion and provide efficient heat
transfer for years with minimal maintenance.
 DOWCAL™ Fluids

Food Industry Applications

Cooling Liquid Foods
Because of its outstanding performance features and
favorable regulatory profile, DOWCAL™ N fluid is widely
used in the beverage industry to cool products such as beer,
wine, milk and juices.

Fermentation Cooling
Breweries and wineries use DOWCAL™ N fluid to cool
fermentation and wort tanks. The fluid’s anti-corrosive
properties safeguard the integrity of the piping systems.

Packaging of Carbonated Beverages

DOWCAL™ N fluid is used prior to bottling to cost-effectively
chill and prevent loss of carbonation from carbonated
beverages such as sparkling wines, champagne and beer.

Immersion Freezing of Wrapped Foods

In the food industry, products sealed in airtight and water-
tight pouches are immersion-frozen in baths of DOWCAL™ N
fluid. This method is popular because it is fast and efficient
while ensuring uniform freezing.

Refrigeration Coil Defrosting

When moisture from the air condenses on the refrigeration
coils of walk-in freezers and chillers, frost build-up can
result in loss of refrigeration efficiency. Sprayed directly
onto the coils, DOWCAL™ N fluid will prevent frost formation
and, because it is hygroscopic, DOWCAL™ N fluid also
absorbs condensation.

Conveyor Roller Deicing DOWCAL™ N fluid is widely used to cool, ferment, and bottle beverages.
The conveyors in food freezing tunnels are often affected
by frost formation on rollers and other moving parts.
DOWCAL™ N fluid offers an ideal remedy; sprayed directly
onto the rollers, it absorbs free moisture, lowers the freeze
point of water, prevents frost build-up and protects the
rollers against corrosion.

9
DOWCAL™ Fluids
Typical Applications for DOWCAL™ Fluids continued
A solution of DOWCAL™ 200 fluid can help protect warehouse floors from damage caused by frost heaving.
Industrial Applications
Process Chilling
The chemical and petrochemical industries use secondary
cooling for chilling purposes or to remove heat generated
during processing. The choice of product depends on the use.
DOWCAL™ 100 and DOWCAL™ 200 fluids are often used for
process chilling because they are nonflammable in aqueous
solutions and are low in corrosivity.
Batch Processing Systems
In batch processing environments, such as in the
pharmaceutical and specialty chemical industries,
reactors must be cooled and heated. Because of their wide
temperature ranges, DOWCAL™ 100 and DOWCAL™ 200
fluids can be used in both hot and cold loops.
Process Pipeline Tracing
DOWCAL™ 100 fluid is used to keep process fluids at a
constant temperature and to prevent freezing. Compared to
conventional steam tracing, tracing using DOWCAL™ 100
fluid offers better temperature control over a wider range,
eliminates waste disposal problems, and requires
less maintenance.
Heat Recovery
Many industries operate heat recovery systems to improve
the overall thermal efficiency of their processes. In this
application, DOWCAL™ 100 fluid collects waste heat that
would otherwise be expelled to the environment and pumps
it to places where this thermal energy can be put to use.
10
Construction and Civil Engineering Applications
Ice Skating Rinks
Some of the most elite indoor ice arenas depend on DOWCAL™
to help keep the ice cool and consistent. For ice skating rinks,
solutions containing DOWCAL™ 100 or DOWCAL™ 200 fluid
are chilled by refrigeration equipment and then circulated
through a network of pipes beneath the rink floor. The cold
solution causes a layer of water to freeze into a smooth sheet
of ice. Used in ice rinks, DOWCAL™ fluids provide fast freezing,
lower operating and maintenance costs, as well as excellent
corrosion protection for metal pipes.
Snow Melting Systems
A snow melting system consists of a network of pipes or
tubing embedded in concrete or asphalt. A solution of heated
DOWCAL™ 200 and water is circulated through the pipes in
order to melt snow and ice from bridges, service areas, roads
and sidewalks. DOWCAL™ 200 fluid can provide years of heat
transfer and corrosion protection in properly maintained
snow melting systems.
Floor Heating
Massive damage can be inflicted on warehouse floors due to
frost heaving. This risk is reduced by embedding a grid of
tubing in the soil beneath the floor and heating it with a
solution of DOWCAL™ 200 fluid.
 DOWCAL™ Fluids

Corrosion Protection Capabilities

DOWCAL™ fluids are suitable for a very broad range of
applications. The specially formulated inhibitor packages
of DOWCAL™ fluids are effective in preventing corrosion of
a wide variety of metals that are used in industrial and
residential applications, reducing maintenance costs and
extending the life of the process equipment.
These inhibitors prevent corrosion of metals in two ways.
First, they passivate the surface of metals, reacting with the
surface or forming a layer on the surface to prevent acids
from attacking it. Second, the inhibitors in DOWCAL™ fluids
buffer any acids formed as a result of glycol oxidation. All
glycols produce organic acids as degradation products. This
degradation is accelerated in the presence of oxygen and/or
heat. Left in solution, acids lower pH and contribute to
corrosion. Properly formulated inhibitors such as those in
DOWCAL™ fluids neutralize these acids and contribute to a
long fluid life time. Many commonly available coolants – such
as fluids with pure organic acid technology (OAT) – have little
ability to buffer these degradation products and therefore
need to be changed more frequently.
The following data show the comparatively low corrosion of
widely used metals caused by DOWCAL™ fluid/water mixtures.
The results were derived from tests performed according to
the widely known ASTM D 1384 corrosion test method and
represent the weight loss of metallic plates in milligrams per
specimen due to corrosion (ASTM D 1384, 88°C for 2 weeks,
glycol concentration 33% by volume, air bubbling, corrosive
water contains 100 ppm Cl-, 100 ppm SO42, 100 ppm HCO3-).
DOWCAL™ fluids fall well within the generally accepted
corrosion limits considered adequate under this test. Rates in
excess of 10 mg (30 mg for aluminum) are generally evidence
of inadequate corrosion protection.
Many inhibited glycols show acceptable corrosion results at 33%
concentration, however, concentrations as low as 20% by volume
are required for certain applications. The tables on page 12
show ASTM D1384 corrosion test results under the same
conditions for various coolants at a 20% concentration by
volume. For comparison purposes, pure water and uninhib-
ited propylene glycol and ethylene glycol are included.
The data shows that the DOWCAL™ fluids demonstrate effective
corrosion protection on all metals while the alternative
products were more corrosive to aluminum. The tests also
demonstrated that water and uninhibited glycols are highly
corrosive, reinforcing the need for inhibited fluid protection.

Metal Probes Cleaned After ASTM D1384 Corrosion Testing

at a Concentration of 33% by Volume
5 4.4
Weight Loss Weight Gain

Metal plates after 300 hours

2.1 1.8 2 at 88°C under air flow in fluid
-0.7 -0.5 -3 0.3 -0.1 -1 -0.5 -0.3 -4 0.3 0.4 -1 at 33% vol diluted with
-3 -1.8 corrosive water
0
DOWCAL™100
DOWCAL™ 200
DOWCAL™ N
Copper Solder Brass Steel Grey Cast Aluminum
-5 (E-Cu57/CDA110) (L-PbSn30Sb/70/30A) (CuZn30/CDA260) (C22/SAE1020) (SAEJ431G3500) (AISi6Cu3/AL319.1) Maximum allowed
weight losses according
to ASTM D3306
Weight Difference (mg)

-10

-30

Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions According to ASTM D 4340 at a concentration of 25% by volume
Measured at BfB Oil Research S.A., Gembloux, Belgium, 05/2012 and 03/2013

11
DOWCAL™ Fluids

Corrosion Protection Capabilities continued

Below are corrosion test result data with corresponding test result coupons.

ASTM D1384 Corrosion Test Results at 20% Concentration

by Volume Ethylene Glycol (Weight Difference [mg])

Non-inhibited Automotive OAT fluid, DOWCAL™

Ethylene Coolant, MEG-based 100 Solution
Non-inhibited
Glycol MEG-based Ethylene Glycol
1 Copper -19 -1.4 -0.8 -0.6
2 Solder -46 -1.1 -0.8 -0.8
3 Brass -29 -0.4 -0.4 -0.9
Automotive
4 Mild Steel -819 0.5 0.7 -0.2 Coolant
5 Cast Iron -642 1.8 1.6 2.7
6 Aluminum -111 -10.2 -16.0 0.1

OAT Fluid

DOWCAL™ 100

1 2 3 4 5 6
ASTM D1384 Corrosion Test Results at 20% Concentration
by Volume Propylene Glycol (Weight Difference [mg])

Non-inhibited Industrial Alternative DOWCAL™

Propylene Propylene OAT Fluid 200 Solution Non-inhibited
Propylene
Glycol Glycol Coolant Glycol
1 Copper -12 -0.5 -1.3 -0.3
2 Solder -55 -1 -1.8 -0.5
3 Brass -31 -0.7 -1.4 0.3
Industrial
4 Mild Steel -969 0.7 0.3 0.6 Propylene
5 Cast Iron -700 1.5 0.3 1.3 Glycol Coolant

6 Aluminum -150 -11.3 -22 0.7

OAT Fluid

DOWCAL™ 200

Corrosion of Cast Aluminum under Heat-Rejecting Conditions 1 2 3 4 5 6

According to ASTM D 4340

DOWCAL™ 100 DOWCAL™ 200 Limit according to

ASTM D 3306
Weight change in 0.75* 0.16* max. 1.0
mg/cm2/week:
* Measured at BfB Oil Research S.A., Gembloux, Belgium, 05/2012 and 03/2013

12
 DOWCAL™ Fluids

Using DOWCAL™ Fluids

Material Compatibility
Solutions of DOWCAL™ fluids are
compatible with all metals, with the
exception of zinc. The heat transfer
fluid can dissolve zinc when hot and
should, therefore, not be used in
galvanized pipelines.
DOWCAL™ fluids are compatible with recommended temperatures (in some
most plastics and rubbers, such that cases the maximum use temperature is
they can be considered industry for the plastics, regardless of the fluid).
standards. The following table provides
a list of compatible plastics and rubbers
together with the materials’ maximum

Materials Ethylene glycol based fluid, Propylene glycol based fluid, e.g.
e.g. DOWCAL™ 100 DOWCAL™ 200 & DOWCAL™ N
Plastics
ABS 66°C 32°C
Acrylics 32°C
Chlorinated Polymer 110°C
CPVC 93°C a 93°Cb
Epoxy 143°C 99°C(U)c
Fluorocarbons FEP 199°C 199°C
Fluorocarbons TFE 249°C 249°C
Noryl®
66°C
Polyamides - Nylon 99°C
Bisphenol A-Fumurate 110°C 88°C
Hydrogenated Bisphenol 104°C 93°C
A-Bisphenol A
Isophthalic 43°C(U)c 88°C
Chlorinated Polyesters 127°C 104°C
Polystyrenes 77°C
Polyethylene 71°C 66°C
Polypropylene 116°C 66°C
PVC – Type 1 49°C 49°Cd
PVC – Type 2 49°C 49°Cd
Polyvinylidene Chloride 88°C
Vinylidene Fluoride 143°C 138°C
Vinyl Ester 104°C 104°C
(a) But only if the solution contains 50% or less of ethylene
Polymethylmethacrylate 70°Ce glycol, according to BF Goodrich
(PMMA)
(b) But not in a solution containing more than 25% of
Rubbers propylene glycol, according to BF Goodrich

Butyl GR-1 93°C (c) When U follows a recommended temperature range, the
fluid was found to cause a problem with the plastic above
Fluoro Elastomers Viton A ®
182°C 38°C the range, and is therefore unsuitable at higher temperatures

Fluoro Elastomers KEL-F 99°C (d) The Geon Company, a major manufacturer of PVC resins
and compounds, cautions against using PVC above 49°C
3700
Hard Rubber 93°C (e) Tested by Ecofys Netherlands BV, 2008

Chlorosulfonated 99°C ®Noryl is a trademark of Sabic Innovative Plastics Holding BV

and its affiliates
Polyethylene (CSPE)
®Viton is a trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and
Koroseal® 71°C Company or its affiliates.
Natural Rubber (GRS) 71°C ®Koroseal is a trademark of RJF International Corporation

Neoprene GR-M (CR) 77°C 32°C ™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

Nitrile Buna M (NBR) 88°C 32°C Table Sources: “Corrosion Resistance Tables,” Second
Edition, Philip A. Schweiter, P.E., 1986 BF Goodrich and
NORDEL ™
154°C The Geon Company

Polyurethane 38°C
13
DOWCAL™ Fluids
Using DOWCAL™ Fluids continued
Storage of DOWCAL™ Fluids
DOWCAL fluids require no special climate storage
™
precautions. DOWCAL™ fluids and fluid solutions should
be stored in plastic storage containers rather than metallic
containers. Zinc, in particular, is not resistant to undiluted
DOWCAL™ fluids. Therefore, exposure of zinc or zinc coatings
to pure DOWCAL™ fluids should be avoided.
When properly stored, DOWCAL™ fluids will meet sales
specification requirements for a period of at least 24 months
from date of production in Dow. Continued storage beyond
the designated shelf life does not necessarily make the fluid
unsuitable for use. Dow offers a fluid analysis service to
evaluate fluid condition after prolonged storage.
Fluid Analysis Recommendations
Experience confirms that DOWCAL fluids can be used in
™
installations for many years. However, the concentration of
DOWCAL™ fluids and the products’ functional performance
should be checked at intervals of one to two years. Please
refer to the back cover of this brochure to find the toll-free
number of the Dow Customer Information Group and ask
for our fluid analysis procedure.
Fluid Dilution Requirements
Whenever possible, DOWCAL™ fluids should be diluted
with demineralized or distilled water. DOWCAL™ 100 and
DOWCAL™ 200 fluids can also be mixed with other water
within the limits of the following table. Local tap water
typically meets these requirements. If water of adequate
quality is not available, Dow or Dow’s local distributor can
supply ready-to-use solutions of DOWCAL™ fluids.
Dilution Water Quality Requirements
DOWCAL™ 100 / 200
Chloride <400 ppm*
Sulphate <400 ppm*
Total Hardness <450 ppm (25°dH)
*<100 ppm if the system contains aluminum or aluminum alloy components
14
Although DOWCAL™ fluids are completely miscible with
water in all proportions, dilution should preferably be made
before the system is filled to help ensure uniform fluid
concentration across the system. This will minimize the
potential for higher or lower concentrations of fluid to collect
at system dead ends. If it is only possible to add the water to
the system separately, it is recommended that the system be
filled with about two thirds of the calculated amount of water
before adding the DOWCAL™ fluid. The system can be topped
up with the remaining water after the fluid is introduced.
When fluid and water are added separately to the system, it
may take several days after startup for the fluid and water to
completely mix.
Disposal of Solutions of DOWCAL™ Fluids
The primary component of DOWCAL™ fluids, propylene
or ethylene glycol, is readily biodegradable and it is not
classified as dangerous to aquatic organisms. However, any
disposal practice must be in compliance with all local and
national laws and regulations. Do not dump into any sewers,
on the ground, or into any body of water.
Fluid Flammability and Fire Hazards
When mixed with water in concentrations of up to 80%,
DOWCAL™ fluids are nonflammable since they have no
measurable flash points. Therefore, they pose no fire hazard
in most applications. The following flashpoint and fire point
values apply to pure DOWCAL™ fluids.
Fluid Flammability
DOWCAL™ 100 DOWCAL™ 200 DOWCAL™ N
Flash point, °C 120 101 101
Ignition temperature, °C 435 420 420
Some of the most elite ice arenas depend on DOWCAL™ 100 and DOWCAL™ 200 fluids to help
keep the ice cool and consistent.

Facts on Food Contact
DOWCAL™ N fluid is based on propylene glycol which is
generally recognized as safe by the United States Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) in section 21CFR184.1666 and
meets the specifications of the Food Chemicals Codex,
6th edition (2008). It can therefore be used for direct and
indirect food additive applications. In Europe, the ingredients
in DOWCAL™ N are listed in the Commission Regulation (EU)
No 1130/2011 concerning food additives authorized for use
in foodstuffs intended for human consumption. Propylene
glycol (PG) is classified as E1520 in an amendment to
European Union Directive 95/2/EC, which regulates human
food additives and it is listed in Annex I of the Commission
Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 as an authorized monomer and
additive for plastic materials and articles intended to come
into contact with food. Finally, DOWCAL™ N fluid is approved
by the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF). It is suitable as a
heat transfer medium for food plants.
Fluid Handling
Please refer to the relevant Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS) available from Dow.
System Design
Like all other fluids, solutions containing DOWCAL™ fluids
expand as temperatures increase. Expansion tanks are
commonly used in systems containing DOWCAL™ fluids.
Expansion tanks must be sized appropriately. To determine
the volume required for expansion, the formula given on this
page can be used.
ΔV = ρ(Tlow)- ρ(Thigh) x V
ρ (Thigh)
where: ρ (Tlow) = the density at the lowest or severely corroded systems, it is recommended that a
anticipated temperature
ρ (Thigh) = the density at the highest
anticipated temperature
DOWCAL™ Fluids
Preparing New Systems for
Use of DOWCAL™ Fluids
When preparing new equipment for systems using
DOWCAL™heat transfer fluids, it is good practice to remove
oil, grease or protective coatings that may have been applied
during fabrication, construction or storage following the
equipment manufacturer’s recommendations. The system
should be free of all foreign matter and debris before any
cleaning procedure. Chemical cleaning of new systems can
be performed with a 1 to 2 wt % solution of water and
trisodium phosphate.
After cleaning the system, it must be thoroughly flushed
with clean soft water prior to adding DOWCAL™ fluids. After
pressure-testing with water or a solution of DOWCAL™ fluid,
systems should be left in the filled state to avoid pitting at
the liquid/air phase boundary. If systems that have been
filled with water or a solution of DOWCAL™ fluid need to be
drained and cannot be refilled within a few days, they should
be thoroughly rinsed and dried.
Preparing Existing Systems for
Use of DOWCAL™ Fluids
When changing from another heat transfer fluid to a
DOWCAL™ fluid, systems should be carefully cleaned to
remove all traces of the previous fluid and any deposits which
may be present. To help ensure optimum performance of the
DOWCAL™ fluid, it is very important to remove any corrosion
and replace damaged seals before filling the system. When
replacing brine solutions, special care should be taken to
remove all scale and corrosion deposits that may have built up.
It is particularly important to remove calcium deposits and
chlorides. Residual calcium will react with, and deplete,
the inhibitors in DOWCAL™ fluids, reducing the products’
corrosion protection capabilities. Chlorides are potentially
corrosive to the system if present at high levels. For large
professional cleaning organization be consulted.
When changing from another propylene glycol-based heat
transfer fluid, compatibility of the fluid with DOWCAL™ N
fluid or DOWCAL™ 200 fluid should be checked. Similarly,
if changing from another ethylene glycol based fluid,
compatibility with DOWCAL™ 100 fluid should be checked. If
the fluids are compatible and if the system is still in proper
condition, the system can be filled with a DOWCAL™ fluid.
15
DOWCAL™ Fluids

Physical Properties of DOWCAL™ Fluids

The following data tables provide varying concentrations of DOWCAL™ and temperature of DOWCAL™ fluid.
freezing and boiling point data as well fluids. Specific heat, density, thermal Specific properties depending on tempera-
as refractive index, density, dynamic conductivity and viscosity also vary ture and concentration can be calculated
and kinematic viscosity at 20°C for depending on both the concentration with Dow’s FLUIDFILE™ software available
at www.DOWCAL.com.
Typical Freezing, Boiling Points and other properties of DOWCAL™ 100 Fluid†*
DOWCAL™ 100 DOWCAL™ 100 Freezing Refractive Index Boiling Point Density Dyn. Viscosity Kin. Viscosity
Vol.% Wt. % Point °C @ 20°C °C @ 1 bara g/cm³ @ 20°C mPa.s @ 20°C mm²/s @ 20°C
Typical properties, not to be
†
5.0 5.6 -2.1 1.3386 100.5 0.983 1.07 1.03 construed as specifications.
10.0 11.2 -4.3 1.3442 101.1 1.001 1.26 1.22
15.0 16.7 -6.7 1.3498 101.7 1.016 1.49 1.43 *Temperature-dependent
physical properties
20.0 22.1 -9.4 1.3554 102.4 1.029 1.77 1.69 are provided in the
21.0 23.2 -10.0 1.3565 102.5 1.031 1.83 1.75 FLUIDFILE™ Software.
22.0 24.3 -10.6 1.3576 102.7 1.033 1.89 1.81 Generally, for an extended
23.0 25.3 -11.3 1.3588 102.8 1.036 1.96 1.87 margin of protection you
should select a temperature
24.0 26.4 -11.9 1.3599 102.9 1.038 2.03 1.93 in this table that is at least
25.0 27.5 -12.6 1.3610 103.1 1.040 2.09 1.99 3°C lower than the expected
lowest ambient temperature.
26.0 28.5 -13.2 1.3621 103.2 1.042 2.17 2.06 Contact Dow for information
27.0 29.6 -14.0 1.3632 103.3 1.044 2.24 2.13 and further assistance with
specific cases.
28.0 30.6 -14.7 1.3643 103.5 1.046 2.32 2.20
29.0 31.7 -15.4 1.3654 103.6 1.048 2.40 2.27
30.0 32.7 -16.2 1.3665 103.8 1.050 2.48 2.35
31.0 33.8 -17.0 1.3676 103.9 1.052 2.57 2.43
32.0 34.8 -17.8 1.3687 104.0 1.053 2.65 2.51
33.0 35.9 -18.7 1.3698 104.2 1.055 2.75 2.59
34.0 36.9 -19.5 1.3709 104.3 1.057 2.84 2.68
35.0 38.0 -20.4 1.3720 104.5 1.059 2.94 2.77
36.0 39.0 -21.4 1.3731 104.6 1.060 3.04 2.86
37.0 40.0 -22.3 1.3742 104.8 1.062 3.14 2.96
38.0 41.0 -23.3 1.3752 104.9 1.064 3.25 3.06
39.0 42.1 -24.3 1.3763 105.1 1.065 3.36 3.16
40.0 43.1 -25.4 1.3774 105.2 1.067 3.48 3.27
41.0 44.1 -26.4 1.3785 105.4 1.068 3.60 3.38
42.0 45.1 -27.5 1.3796 105.5 1.070 3.72 3.49
43.0 46.1 -28.7 1.3806 105.7 1.071 3.85 3.60
44.0 47.2 -29.9 1.3817 105.9 1.073 3.98 3.73
45.0 48.2 -31.1 1.3828 106.0 1.074 4.12 3.85
46.0 49.2 -32.3 1.3838 106.2 1.076 4.26 3.98
47.0 50.2 -33.6 1.3849 106.4 1.077 4.41 4.11
48.0 51.2 -34.9 1.3859 106.5 1.079 4.56 4.25
49.0 52.2 -36.3 1.3870 106.7 1.080 4.71 4.39
50.0 53.2 -37.7 1.3880 106.9 1.081 4.88 4.54
51.0 54.2 -39.1 1.3891 107.1 1.083 5.04 4.69
52.0 55.2 -40.6 1.3901 107.3 1.084 5.22 4.85
53.0 56.2 -42.1 1.3912 107.5 1.085 5.40 5.01
54.0 57.1 -43.7 1.3922 107.7 1.087 5.58 5.18
55.0 58.1 -45.3 1.3932 107.9 1.088 5.77 5.35
56.0 59.1 -46.9 1.3943 108.2 1.089 5.97 5.53
57.0 60.1 -48.6 1.3953 108.4 1.090 6.18 5.71
58.0 61.1 -50.3 1.3963 108.7 1.092 6.39 5.90
59.0 62.0 < -51 1.3973 108.9 1.093 6.61 6.10
60.0 63.0 < -51 1.3983 109.2 1.094 6.84 6.31
65.0 67.8 < -51 1.4033 110.8 1.100 8.10 7.43
70.0 72.6 < -51 1.4082 112.8 1.105 9.59 8.76
75.0 77.3 < -51 1.4130 115.4 1.111 11.4 10.3
80.0 82.0 < -51 1.4176 118.8 1.116 13.4 12.2
85.0 86.6 -50.9 1.4220 123.2 1.120 15.9 14.4
90.0 91.1 -40.8 1.4264 128.9 1.125 18.8 16.9
95.0 95.6 -34.5 1.4305 136.1 1.129 22.3 19.9
100.0 100.0 -28.7 1.4345 145.1 1.134 26.4 23.5

16
 DOWCAL™ Fluids

Typical Freezing, Boiling Points and other properties of DOWCAL™ 200 Fluid†*
DOWCAL™ 200 DOWCAL™ 200 Freezing Refractive Index Boiling Point Density Dyn. Viscosity Kin. Viscosity
Vol.% Wt. % Point °C @ 20°C °C @ 1 bara g/cm³ @ 20°C mPa.s @ 20°C mm²/s @ 20°C
†
Typical properties, not to be
5.0 5.3 -1.6 1.3391 100 1.006 1.36 1.95 construed as specifications.
10.0 10.5 -3.3 1.3452 100 1.011 1.62 1.66
15.0 15.8 -5.3 1.3513 101 1.015 1.93 1.81 *Temperature-dependent
physical properties
20.0 20.9 -7.5 1.3573 101 1.020 2.30 2.11 are provided in the
21.0 22.0 -8.0 1.3585 101 1.021 2.39 2.18 FLUIDFILE™ Software.
22.0 23.0 -8.5 1.3597 101 1.022 2.48 2.26 Generally, for an extended
23.0 24.0 -9.1 1.3609 102 1.022 2.57 2.34 margin of protection you
should select a temperature
24.0 25.1 -9.6 1.3621 102 1.023 2.66 2.42 in this table that is at least
25.0 26.1 -10.2 1.3633 102 1.024 2.76 2.51 3°C lower than the expected
lowest ambient temperature.
26.0 27.1 -10.8 1.3645 102 1.025 2.87 2.61 Contact Dow for information
27.0 28.2 -11.4 1.3657 102 1.026 2.97 2.71 and further assistance with
specific cases.
28.0 29.2 -12.1 1.3669 102 1.027 3.09 2.81
29.0 30.2 -12.7 1.3681 102 1.028 3.20 2.92
30.0 31.2 -13.4 1.3693 102 1.029 3.33 3.04
31.0 32.3 -14.1 1.3704 102 1.030 3.45 3.16
32.0 33.3 -14.8 1.3716 102 1.031 3.58 3.29
33.0 34.3 -15.6 1.3728 102 1.032 3.72 3.42
34.0 35.3 -16.4 1.3739 102 1.033 3.87 3.56
35.0 36.3 -17.2 1.3751 102 1.034 4.02 3.70
36.0 37.4 -18.0 1.3762 103 1.035 4.17 3.85
37.0 38.4 -18.9 1.3774 103 1.036 4.34 4.01
38.0 39.4 -19.8 1.3785 103 1.037 4.51 4.17
39.0 40.4 -20.7 1.3797 103 1.038 4.68 4.35
40.0 41.4 -21.7 1.3808 103 1.039 4.87 4.53
41.0 42.4 -22.7 1.3820 103 1.039 5.06 4.71
42.0 43.4 -23.7 1.3831 103 1.040 5.26 4.91
43.0 44.4 -24.8 1.3842 103 1.041 5.47 5.12
44.0 45.4 -25.8 1.3853 103 1.042 5.69 5.33
45.0 46.4 -27.0 1.3864 103 1.043 5.92 5.55
46.0 47.5 -28.1 1.3875 104 1.044 6.16 5.79
47.0 48.5 -29.3 1.3886 104 1.045 6.40 6.03
48.0 49.5 -30.5 1.3897 104 1.046 6.66 6.29
49.0 50.5 -31.8 1.3908 104 1.047 6.93 6.55
50.0 51.5 -33.1 1.3919 104 1.048 7.22 6.83
51.0 52.5 -34.5 1.3930 105 1.048 7.51 7.12
52.0 53.5 -35.9 1.3941 105 1.049 7.82 7.42
53.0 54.4 -37.3 1.3951 105 1.050 8.14 7.74
54.0 55.4 -38.7 1.3962 105 1.051 8.48 8.07
55.0 56.4 -40.3 1.3973 105 1.052 8.83 8.41
56.0 57.4 -41.8 1.3983 106 1.053 9.20 8.77
57.0 58.4 -43.4 1.3993 106 1.053 9.58 9.14
58.0 59.4 -45.0 1.4004 106 1.054 9.98 9.54
59.0 60.4 -46.7 1.4014 106 1.055 10.4 9.94
60.0 61.4 -48.5 1.4024 107 1.056 10.8 10.4
65.0 66.3 -51 1.4074 108 1.059 13.3 12.8
70.0 71.2 -51 1.4122 109 1.062 16.5 15.8
75.0 76.1 -51 1.4168 111 1.064 20.4 19.5
80.0 80.9 -51 1.4212 113 1.066 25.4 24.1
85.0 85.7 -51 1.4253 116 1.066 31.6 29.8
90.0 90.5 -51 1.4291 121 1.065 39.5 36.9
95.0 95.3 -51 1.4327 129 1.062 49.5 45.7
100.0 100.0 -51 1.4360 142 1.057 62.3 56.5

17
DOWCAL™ Fluids

Physical Properties of DOWCAL™ Fluids continued

Typical Freezing, Boiling Points and other properties of DOWCAL™ N Fluid†*

DOWCAL™ N DOWCAL™ N Propylene Freezing Refractive Boiling Density Dyn. Viscosity Kin. Viscosity
Vol.% Wt. % Glycol Point °C Index Point g/cm³ @ 20°C mPa.s @ 20°C mm²/s @ 20°C
Wt. % @ 22°C °C @ 1 bara †
Typical properties, not to be
5.0 5.2 5.0 -1.6 1.3383 100 1.004 1.2 1.2 construed as specifications.
10.0 10.5 10.0 -3.3 1.3438 100 1.009 1.4 1.4
*Temperature-dependent
15.1 15.7 15.0 -5.1 1.3495 100 1.014 1.6 1.6 physical properties
20.3 20.9 20.0 -7.1 1.3555 101 1.020 2.0 2.0 are provided in the
FLUIDFILE™ Software.
21.3 22.0 21.0 -7.6 1.3567 101 1.021 2.0 2.0
22.4 23.0 22.0 -8.0 1.3579 101 1.022 2.1 2.1 Generally, for an extended
margin of protection you
23.4 24.1 23.0 -8.6 1.3591 101 1.023 2.2 2.2 should select a temperature
24.5 25.1 24.0 -9.1 1.3603 101 1.023 2.3 2.2 in this table that is at least
3°C lower than the expected
25.5 26.2 25.0 -9.6 1.3615 101 1.024 2.4 2.3 lowest ambient temperature.
26.5 27.2 26.0 -10.2 1.3627 101 1.025 2.5 2.4 Contact Dow for information
and further assistance with
27.6 28.3 27.0 -10.8 1.3639 101 1.026 2.6 2.5 specific cases.
28.6 29.3 28.0 -11.4 1.3651 102 1.027 2.7 2.6
29.7 30.4 29.0 -12.0 1.3663 102 1.028 2.9 2.8
30.7 31.4 30.0 -12.7 1.3675 102 1.029 3.0 2.9
31.8 32.5 31.0 -13.4 1.3687 102 1.030 3.1 3.0
32.8 33.5 32.0 -14.1 1.3698 102 1.031 3.3 3.2
33.9 34.6 33.0 -14.8 1.3710 102 1.032 3.4 3.3
35.0 35.6 34.0 -15.6 1.3621 102 1.032 3.5 3.4
36.0 36.6 35.0 -16.4 1.3733 103 1.033 3.7 3.6
37.1 37.7 36.0 -17.3 1.3744 103 1.034 3.9 3.8
38.2 38.7 37.0 -18.2 1.3756 103 1.035 4.0 3.9
39.2 39.8 38.0 -19.1 1.3767 103 1.036 4.2 4.1
40.3 40.8 39.0 -20.1 1.3779 103 1.036 4.4 4.2
41.4 41.9 40.0 -21.1 1.3790 104 1.037 4.5 4.3
42.4 42.9 41.0 -22.1 1.3802 104 1.038 4.7 4.5
43.5 44.0 42.0 -23.2 1.3813 104 1.039 4.8 4.6
44.5 45.0 43.0 -24.3 1.3825 104 1.039 5.0 4.8
45.7 46.1 44.0 -25.5 1.3836 104 1.040 5.2 5.0
46.7 47.1 45.0 -26.7 1.3847 104 1.041 5.4 5.2
47.8 48.2 46.0 -27.9 1.3858 104 1.041 5.6 5.4
48.9 49.2 47.0 -29.3 1.3870 104 1.042 5.8 5.6
50.0 50.3 48.0 -30.6 1.3881 105 1.043 6.1 5.8
51.1 51.3 49.0 -32.1 1.3892 105 1.043 6.3 6.0
52.2 52.4 50.0 -33.5 1.3903 106 1.044 6.6 6.3
53.2 53.4 51.0 -35.0 1.3914 106 1.045 6.9 6.6
54.3 54.5 52.0 -36.6 1.3924 106 1.045 7.2 6.9
55.4 55.5 53.0 -38.2 1.3935 106 1.046 7.6 7.3
56.5 56.5 54.0 -39.8 1.3945 106 1.046 7.9 7.6
57.5 57.6 55.0 -41.6 1.3956 106 1.047 8.2 7.8
58.5 58.6 56.0 -43.3 1.3966 106 1.047 8.6 8.2
59.6 59.7 57.0 -45.2 1.3977 107 1.048 8.9 8.5
60.6 60.7 58.0 -47.1 1.3987 107 1.048 9.3 8.9
61.7 61.8 59.0 -49.0 1.3998 107 1.049 9.7 9.2
62.7 62.8 60.0 -51.1 1.4008 107 1.049 10.0 9.5
68.0 68.1 65.0 -51.1 1.4058 108 1.052 11.7 11.1
73.2 73.3 70.0 -51.1 1.4104 110 1.054 14.2 13.5
78.4 78.5 75.0 -51.1 1.4150 114 1.055 17.1 16.2
83.6 83.8 80.0 -51.1 1.4193 118 1.054 21.2 20.1
88.9 89.0 85.0 -51.1 1.4235 125 1.053 26.0 24.7
94.1 94.2 90.0 -51.1 1.4275 132 1.052 33.4 31.7
100.0 100.0 95.5 -51.1 1.4315 165 1.051 45.7 43.5

18
DOWCAL™ Fluids
Inhibited Glycol-based Heat Transfer Fluids

Guide to Products, System Design, Installation and Operation

For more information, call… International Toll-free† +800 36 94 63 67 www.DOWCAL.com

Dow Customer Information Group Toll Phone: +31 115 67 2626
Herbert H. Dowweg 5 Fax: +31 115 67 4704
4542 - Terneuzen www.dow.com/assistance/dowcig.htm
The Netherlands
(Toll-free service available in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland,
†

France,Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway,

Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.)

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NOTICE: No freedom from infringement of any patent owned by Dow or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with
time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer’s use and for ensuring that Customer’s workplace and disposal practices are in
compliance with applicable laws and other government enactments. The product shown in this literature may not be available for sale and/or available in all geographies where Dow is represented. The claims made
may not have been approved for use in all countries. Dow assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. References to “Dow” or the “Company” mean the Dow legal entity selling the products
to Customer unless otherwise expressly noted. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.

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