RAHMAT RISALDY RAMLI

1911442005
MATHEMATIC EDUCATION(ICP)

PROBLEM SOLVING AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING

1. NUMBER PROBLEMS HAVING ONE UNKNOWN: INTRODUCTION TO

PROBLEM SOLVING
In number problems having one unknown, a single relationship about
the unknown needed. After the unknown is represented by a letter such as
n or x, this relationship is used to obtain an equation.
The value of unknown is found by solving the equation. However, the
value found must be check in the original problem. A check In any equation
is insufficient since the equation my be incorrect.

EXAMPLE
Let n = number
3n – 5 = 19
3n = 24
n=8
answer: the number is 8
check:
Does 8 check in “ 3 times the number decreased by 5 equals 19”?

2. NUMBER PROBLEM HAVING TWO UNKNOWNS

In number problem having two unknowns, two relationship
Concerning the unknowns are needed.

EXAMPLE
The sum of the larger and 8 is 3 times the smaller.
The larger reduced by 10 equals twice the smaller.
Answer: l + 8 = 3s
l – 10 = 2s l = 2s + 10
 2s + 10 + 8 = 3s
 18 = 3s – 2s
 18 = s
 S = 18
Subtitusion s = 18
l – 10 = 2s
l - 10 = 2 (18)
l – 10 = 36
l = 36 + 10
l = 46

3. CONSECUTIVE-INTEGER PROBLEMS
An integer is a signed whole number. An integer my be a positive
whole number such as 25, a negative whole number such as – 15, or zero.

EXAMPLE
Using n, n + 2, and n + 4 for three consecutive even integers, express each
statement as an equation; then find the integers.
 Their sum is 42
Answer: 3n + 6 = 42 3n = 42
3n = 42 – 6 n = 42/3
3n = 36 n = 14
n = 36/6
n=6
Integers : 12, 14, 16

4. AGE PROBLEMS

EXAMPLE
The sum of their present ages is 40.
The mother is 20 years older than the daughter
Answer: (1) M + D = 40
(2) M = D + 20
Subtitusion M = D + 20
( D + 20) + D = 40 M = D + 20
D + D = 40 – 20 M = 10 + 20
2D = 20 M = 30
D = 20/2
D = 10
Age now is = 30, 10

5. RATIO PROBLEM

EXAMPLE
If two numbers in the ratio of 5:3 are represented by 5x and 3x, express
each statement as an equation; the find x and the numbers.
 The difference of the numbers is 4
Answer: 2x = 4
x=2
ratio is 10 and 6

6. ANGLE PROBLEM

EXAMPLE
if two angles in the ratio of 3 to 2 are represented by 3x and 2x, express each
statement as an equation; the find x and the angles.
 The angles are adjacent and form an angle of 40°
Answer: 3x + 2x = 40
5x = 40
x=8
angles is 24° and 16°

7. PARIMETER PROBLEMS

EXAMPLE
The base of the triangle is 20. If x and y represent the remaining sides,
obtain two equation for each problem; the find AB and BC.
 B

y
x

A 20 C

 The perimeter is 50. BC is twice AB

Answer: x + y + 20 = 50
y = 2x
subtitusion y = 2x
x + y + 20 = 50 y = 2x
x + 2x + 20 = 50 y = 2 (10)
3x + 20 = 50 y = 20
3x = 50 – 20
3x = 30
X = 10
AB, BC is 10, 20

8. COIN OR STAMP PROBLEMS

The total value T of a number of coins or stamp of the same kind
equals the number N of the coins or stamp multiplied by the value V of one
of the coins or stamps.
T = NV

9. COST AND MIXTURE PROBLEMS

When T = NV is applied to a cost problem, the formula C = NP should
be used as follows:
C = total cost of number of units of a kind
C = NP N = number of such units
P = price of each unit purchased
 10. INVESTMENT OR INTEREST PROBLEMS
Annual interest l equals the principal P multiplied by the rate of
interest R per year.
l = PR
Thus, the annual interest from $200 at 6 percent per year is (200)(0,06),
or $12.

EXAMPLE
 $2000 at 5 percent and $(P + 200) at 6 percent
Answer: 0,05(2000) + 0,06(P + 200)
100 + 0,06P + 12
100 + 12 + 0,06p
0,06p + 112

11. MOTION PROBLEMS

The distance D traveled equals the rate of speed R multiplied by the
time spent traveling T.
D D
D = RT other forms: R = T T= R

EXAMPLE
 100 mi at 20 mi/h and 80 mi farther at R mi/h
100 80 80
Answer: 20 + R = 5 + R

12. MATHEMATICAL MODELING

One the most important changes in the mathematic curriculum over
the last 10 years in the introduction into that curriculum of mathematical
modeling. Certainly it is the case that problems and problem solving have
been a significant part of that curriculum