RIPRAP AND
GROUTED RIPRAP
Item 505
Description
A structure which is built of stone only or
stone, cement , fine aggregates and water,
with or without filter backing which is commonly
used in slope protection works, drainage canals
and other places as called for in the plans, and
constructed on the prepared foundation bed in
accordance with the lines and grades, sections
and dimensions shown on the plans.
Material Requirements
Stones – consist of rock as nearly rectangular in section
as is practical, except that riprap of Class A may consist
of round natural stones. The stones shall be sound,
tough, durable, dense, resistant to the action of air and
water, and suitable in all respects for the purpose
intended.
- Sound pieces of concrete obtained from the
removal of bridges, culverts and other structures
may be substituted for stone with the approval
of the Engineer.
Classes of Stones Intended
for Riprap
Class A – stones ranging from a minimum of 15 kg.
to a maximum of 25 kg. with at least 50%
of the stones weighing more than 20 kg.
Class B – stones ranging from a minimum of 30 kg.
to a maximum of 70 kg. with at least 50%
of the stones weighing more than 50 kg.
Classes of Stones Intended
for Riprap
Class C – stones ranging from a minimum of 60 kg.
to a maximum of 100 kg. with at least 50%
of the stones weighing more than 80 kg.
Class D – stones ranging from a minimum of 100 kg.
to a maximum of 200 kg. with at least 50%
of the stones weighing more than 150 kg.
Mortar
- shall consists of sand, cement and water
conforming to the requirements under Item
405 – Structural Concrete
- shall be mixed in the proportion of one part
cement to three parts sand by volume and
sufficient water to obtain the required
consistency.
- fine aggregates shall conform to the
requirements as specified in Item 405.
Mortar
- the horizontal and vertical contact surface
between stones shall be embedded by
cement mortar having a minimum thickness
of 20 mm.
- sufficient mortar shall be used to completely
fill all voids leaving the face of the stones
exposed.
Filter Materials
- the grading of the filter material shall be
specified on the Plans or in the Special
Provisions.
- if not so specified, fine aggregate passing
the grading requirements for Item 405,
Structural Concrete, will satisfy for the
filter materials.
Construction Requirements
- The bed for riprap shall be excavated to the
required depths and properly compacted,
trimmed and shaped.
- Stones placed below the water line shall be
distributed so that the minimum thickness of
the riprap is not less than that of the specified.
- Stones above the water line shall be placed by
hand or individually by machines and they
shall be laid with close, broken joints and shall
be firmly bedded into the slope and against
the adjoining stones.
Construction Requirements
- Stones shall be laid with its larger axis perpen-
dicular to the slope in close contact with each
adjacent stones.
- For dry riprap, interstices between stones shall
be filled with small broken fragments firmly
rammed into place.
- The surface of riprap shall not vary from the
theoretical surface by more than 100mm at
any point.
Construction Requirements
- Grouted riprap shall be cured for a period of
at least three (3) days.
- For grouted riprap, spaces between the stones
shall be filled with cement mortar throughout
the thickness of the riprap and sufficient mortar
shall be used to completely fill all voids except
that the face surface of the stone shall be left
exposed.
Construction Requirements
- Riprap shall have the following minimum
thickness, measured perpendicular to the slope.
Class A - 300 mm
Class B - 500 mm
Class C - 600 mm
Class D - 800 mm
Construction Requirements
- Weepholes shall be placed horizontally at the
lowest points where free outlets for water can be
obtained and shall be spaced at not more than
2 m. center to center in a staggered manner.
- The length of the weepholes shall not be less
than the thickness of the walls of the completed
riprap and shall be at least 50 mm diameter PVC
or other pipe materials acceptable to the
Engineer.
- Weepholes must be provided with filter bags as
specified in the plans, special provisions or as
directed by the Engineer.
Method of Measurement
- The quantities to be measured for payment
shall be the number of cubic meters of riprap
or grouted riprap as the case may be, including
stones placed in the toe trench laid in position
and accepted.
- Filter layer of granular material, when required,
shall be measured separately by the cubic
meter in place and accepted.
