POLITICAL SCIENCE 1

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE SYLLABUS

I. THE BASICS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

a) What is Political Science?
b) What is Public Administration?
- Public Administration v. Political Science
- Government and Governance
c) Political Ideas and Ideologies
- Liberalism
- Socialism
- Conservatism
- Communism
d) What is Power?
- Nature
- Dimensions
- Types
- Consequences
o Roman Tuason v. Register of Deeds G.R. No. 70484 January 29, 1988
(Absolute power)
e) States, Nations, and Globalization
- The State
- Nation
- The State as different from the Nation as a political concept
- Nation-States
- Globalization as a context of relations among nation-states

II. PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

a) History of Philippine Politics and Governance

- Historical Background of Philippine Democratic Politics

o Precolonial period (before 1565)
o Spanish period (1565–1898)
o Revolutionary period (1868–1898)
o First Philippine Republic (January 23, 1899 – March 23, 1901)
 Treaty of Paris
o Second Philippine Republic (October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945)
o Third Philippine Republic (July 4, 1946 – September 21, 1972)
 Benigno Aquino v. Military Commission 2, G.R. No. L-37364
May 9, 1975 (Validity of Martial Law)
o Fourth Philippine Republic (June 30, 1981 – February 25, 1986)
 In Re: Saturnino V. Bermudez G.R. No. 76180 October 24,
1986 (Validity of Aquino Administration)
 Lawyers League for a Better Philippines, etc. vs. President
Corazon C. Aquino, et al. G.R. No. 73748 (De Facto v. De Jure
Government)
 People's Crusade for Supremacy of the Constitution. etc. vs.
Mrs. Cory Aquino, et al. G.R. No. 73972
 Councilor Clifton U. Ganay vs. Corazon C. Aquino, et al. G.R.
No. 73990
o Fifth Philippine Republic (February 2, 1987 – present)

b) Police Power
o MMDA v. Bel-Air Village Association, G.R. No. 135962, 27 March
2000
 c) Eminent Domain Power
o City Government v. Ericta, G.R. No. 34915, 24 June 1983
d) Taxation Power
o PLANTERS PRODUCTS, INC. v. FERTIPHIL CORPORATION
G.R. No. 166006 March 14, 2008
e) Nomenclature of Philippine Laws
- Republic Acts
- Presidential Decrees
- Batas Pambansa
- Commonwealth Act
- Executive Order
- Acts

III. THE 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

a) ARTICLE I National Territory
- Archipelagic Doctrine
- Straight baseline Law
- UNCLOS
o Magallona v. Ermita G.R No. 187167 August 16, 2011

b) ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies

- Self-executory v Non-Self Executory
o Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, G.R. No. 122156 February 3, 1997
o Tondo Medical Center v. CA, G.R. No. 167324 July 17, 2007
- Republican State
- Offensive war v Defensive War
- Civilian Authority
- Prime Duty of the Government
- Peace and Order
- Separation of State and Church
o RE: LETTER OF TONY Q. V ALENCIANO, HOLDING OF
RELIGIOUS RITUALS AT THE HALL OF JUSTICE BUILDING
IN QUEZON CITY, A.M. No. 10-4-19-SC, March 7, 2017
- Social Justice
o Calalang v. Williams G.R. No. 47800 December 2, 1940
- Human Rights
- Youth in nation-building
- Women in nation-building
- Balanced and healthful ecology 
o Oposa v. Factoran G.R. No. 101083 July 30, 1993
- Indigenous cultural communities
- Autonomy of local governments
- Political dynasties 
- Graft and corruption
- Full public disclosure 

c) ARTICLE III Bill of Rights

- Life, Liberty, or Property
- Due Process Clause and Equal Protection Clause
o Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148560, 19 November 2001 “void
for vagueness” doctrine
o Acebedo Optical v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 10152, 31 March 2000
o Dumlao v. COMELEC, 95 SCRA 392
o GSIS v. Montesclaros, 434 SCRA 441
- Right against unreasonable searches and seizures 
o People v. Marti, 193 SCRA 57
 o Malacat v. Court of Appeals, 283 SCRA 159
o People v. Canton, 394 SCRA 478
- Freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press
o Jose Jesus M. Disini, Jr., et al. v Secretary of Justice, et al., G.R. No.
203335, 11 February 2014
o In Re: Emil P. Jurado, 243 SCRA 299
o Eastern Broadcasting Corp. V. Dans, 137 SCRA 628
- Content-based and Content-neutral
o THE DIOCESE OF BACOLOD v. COMELEC G.R. No. 205728
January 21, 2015

- Rights of the Accused

o People v. Mahinay, 302 SCRA 455 (Miranda Rights)
o People v. Bravo, 318 SCRA 812 (Exclusionary Rule)
o Olivas v. Office of the Ombudsman, 239 SCRA 283 (Criminal
Investigation v. Preliminary Investigation)
o People v. Judge Ayson, 175 SCRA 210 (Right Against Self-
Incrimination)
o Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, 297 SCRA 754 (Cruel and
Degrading Punishment)
o People v. Velasco, 340 SCRA 207 (Double Jeopardy)

- Liberty of abode and travel

o Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668/178 SCRA 760
- Freedom of Religion
o Estrada v. Escritor, A.M. P-02-1651, 4 August 2003
o Iglesia ni Cristo v. Court of Appeals, 259 SCRA 529
o James M. Imbong, et al. v. Paquito N. Ochoa, Jr., et al., G.R. No.
204819
- Right to a speedy disposition of their cases
o REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, PETITIONER, V.
SANDIGANBAYAN G.R. No. 231144, February 19, 2020
- Ex post facto law or Bill of attainder
o Misolas v. Panga G.R. No. 83341, January 30, 1990
o PRESIDENTIAL AD HOC FACT-FINDING COMMITTEE ON
BEHEST LOANS v. HON. ANIANO A. DESIERTO, G.R. No.
145184, March 14, 2008

d) ARTICLE IV Citizenship
- Natural-born citizens
- Naturalized Citizens
o Re: Application for Admission to the Philippine of Vicente D. Ching,
316 SCRA
o Tecson v. COMELEC, 424 SCRA 277
o Moy Ya Lim Yao v. The Commissioner of Immigration, 41 SCRA 292
o Poe-LLamanzares v. COMELEC, G.R. Nos. 221697 & G.R. NOS.
221698-700, 8 March 2016

e) ARTICLE V Suffrage
o Kabataan Party-List, et al. v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 221318, 16
December 2015
f) ARTICLE VI Legislative Department
- Legislative power
- Members of Congress
- Term of Office
- Powers of Congress
o Quintos-Deles v. Committee on Constitutional Commissions,
Commission on Appointments, 177 SCRA 259
o Imelda Romualdez-Marcos v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 300
o Aquino v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 400
o Ang Bagong Bayani - OFW Labor Party v. Comelec, G.R. No.
147589, June 26, 2001
o People v. Jalosjos, G.R. No. 132875, February 3, 2000
o Trillanes IV v. Judge Pimentel, G.R. No. 179817, June 27, 2008
o Paredes v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 118364, August 10, 1995
o Arroyo v. De Venecia, G.R. No. 127255, August 14, 1997
o Tio v. Videogram Regulatory Commission, 151 SCRA 208
o Farinas v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 147387, December 10, 2003
o Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance
o Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil 29
o Balag v. Senate

g) ARTICLE VII Executive Department

- Executive power
- President
- Vice-President
- Cabinet Members
- Term of Office
- Powers
- Succession
- Impeachment

o Ruy Elias Lopez v. Senate of the Philippines, G.R. No. 163556, June
8, 2004
o Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. v. Joint Committee of Congress to Canvass the
votes cast for President and Vice President, G R No 163783 June 22,
2004
o Soliven v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393
o Senate v. Ermita, G.R. No. 169777, April 20, 2006
o Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 152154, July 15, 2003
o Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary, 194 SCRA 317
o Joseph Ejercito Estrada v. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, G. R. No.
146738, March 2, 2001
o Domingo v. Zamora, G.R. No. 142283, February 6, 2003
o Malaria Employees and Workers Association of the Philippines, Inc.
(MEWAP) v. Romulo, G.R. No. 160093, July 31, 2007
o Binamira v. Garrucho, 188 SCRA 154
o Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549
o Pimentel v. Ermita, G.R. No. 164978, October 13, 2005
o De Rama v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 131136
o Villaluz v. Zaldivar, 15 SCRA 710
o DENR v. DENR Region XII Employees. G.R. No. 149724, August 19,
2003
 o City of lligan v. Director of Lands, 158 SCRA 158; Araneta v.
Gatmaitan, 101 Phil 328
o Gloria v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119903, August 15, 2000
o Villegas v. Enrile, 50 SCRA 11
o Judge Dadole v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 125350. December
3, 2002
o Gudaniv. Senga, G.R. No. 170165
o David v. Macapagal-Arroyo
o Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780. May 10, 2001
o Olaguer v. Military Commission No. 34, 150 SCRA 144
o Lartsang v. Garcia, 42 SCRA 448
o People v. Bacang, 260 SCRA 44
o Sabello v. DECS, 180 SCRA 623
o People v. Patriarca, G,R. No. 135457, September 29, 2000,
o Commissioner of Customs v. Eastern Sea Trading, 3 SCRA 351
o Judge Dadole v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 125350, December
2, 2002

h) ARTICLE VIII Judicial Department

- Judicial power
- Supreme Court
- Justices and Judges
- Officers of Court
- Powers of Supreme Court
- Term of Justices
- Security of Tenure
- Impeachment

o Tocao v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127405, September 20, 2001

o Fabian v. Desierto, G.R. No. 129742, September 16, 1998
o Villavert v. Desierto, G.R. No. 133715, February 13, 2000
o In Re: Clarifying and Strengthening the Organizational Structure and
Administrative Set-up of the Philippine Judicial Academy, A.M. No.
01- 1-04-SC
o In Re: Mateo Valenzuela, A.M. No. 98-5-01-SC
o Fortich v. Corona, G.R. No. 131457, August 19, 1999
o People v. Redulosa, 255 SCRA 279
o Fabian v. Desierto, G.R. No. 129742
o People v. Gutierrez, 39 SCRA 173
o Primicias v. Ocampo, 93 Phil. 451
o First Lepanto Ceramics v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 110571, 1994
o In Re: Request for Creation of a Special Division, A.M. No. 02-1- 09-
SC, January 21, 2002
o In Re Integration of the Bar of the Philippines, 49 SCRA 22
o Canlas v. Napico Homeowners Association, G.R. No. 182795, June 5,
2008
o Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 132601, January 19, 1999
o Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 132601, January 19, 1999

i) ARTICLE IX Constitutional Commissions

- CSC
- COMELEC
- CHR
- COA
j) ARTICLE X Local Government
- Local Government
- Local Autonomy
- Delegation
- Devolution
- Local Fiscal Autonomy
- Autonomous Region
- CAR

k) ARTICLE XI Accountability of Public Officers

- Public office is a public trust

l) ARTICLE XII National Economy and Patrimony

- Lands of Public Domain
o REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES v. ROVENCY REALTY AND
DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, G.R. No. 190817
- Exploration of Natural Resources
o LA BUGAL-B'LAAN TRIBAL ASSOCIATION, INC v. Ramos, G.R.
No. 127882, December 1, 2004
- Franchise
o ASSOCIATED COMMUNICATIONS & WIRELESS SERVICES –
UNITED BROADCASTING NETWORKS v. G.R. No. 144109,
February 17, 2003
- Filipino-First Policy
o Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, supra.
- Filipino v. Foreign Ownership

m) ARTICLE XIII Social Justice and Human Rights

- Social Justice
o Calalang v. Williams, supra
- Labor
- Human Rights

n) ARTICLE XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
o) ARTICLE XV The Family
p) ARTICLE XVI General Provisions
- Philippine Flag
- State’s Immunity from Suit
- Armed Forces of the Philippines
- Philippine National Police

q) ARTICLE XVII Amendments or Revisions

- Amendments
- Revision

o Lambino v. Comelec
o Santiago v. Comelec

r) ARTICLE XVIII Transitory Provisions