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ESE 2021 : Prelims Exam CIVIL

CLASSROOM TEST SERIES ENGINEERING Test 4

Section A : Solid Mechanics

Section B : Geo-technical & Foundation Engineering-1
Section C : Environmental Engineering-1

1. (a) 16. (b) 31. (a) 46. (a) 61. (b)

2. (d) 17. (a) 32. (b) 47. (b) 62. (b)

3. (b) 18. (c) 33. (d) 48. (b) 63. (d)

4. (d) 19. (d) 34. (c) 49. (c) 64. (a)

5. (a) 20. (c) 35. (a) 50. (a) 65. (b)

6. (b) 21. (c) 36. (d) 51. (b) 66. (b)

7. (b) 22. (c) 37. (b) 52. (b) 67. (c)

8. (d) 23. (c) 38. (c) 53. (b) 68. (b)

9. (b) 24. (d) 39. (b) 54. (a) 69. (d)

10. (a) 25. (a) 40. (b) 55. (a) 70. (a)

11. (d) 26. (a) 41. (c) 56. (d) 71. (c)

12. (a) 27. (c) 42. (a) 57. (b) 72. (c)

13. (c) 28. (a) 43. (d) 58. (c) 73. (a)

14. (a) 29. (b) 44. (c) 59. (b) 74. (b)

15. (a) 30. (a) 45. (b) 60. (d) 75. (b)
 Civil Engineering | Test 4 15

DETAILED EXPLANATIONS

1. (a)
Stiffness of CD and EF is same. Also bar AB is rigid so it will be straight even after deflection in
CD and EF.
CD  EF
So, =
1 2
 EF = 2CD [Since stiffness same]

CD FCD 1
Also, EF
= F 2
EF
CD EF
FEF = 2FCD
MA = 0
 40 × 3 = FEF × 2 + FCD × 1
40  3
FCD = = 24 kN
5

2. (d)
Since,  = ET
= 2 × 105 × 3 × 10–6 × 20
= 12 MPa

3. (b)
For principle of superposition, basic assumptions are:
(i) Small deformations.
(ii) Hooke’s law is applicable.

4. (d)
d1 = 40 mm
d2 = 30 mm

P P
Copper Steel
2P 2P

d1= 30 mm
d2 = 60 mm
l/2 l

As we know for a truncated bar, deformation:

4Pl
 = d d E
1 2

4 Pl
steel   40  30  200 3
Thus, = =
 copper 4  2 P  l /2 4
  30  60  100

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16 ESE 2021 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series

5. (a)
Viscoelastic material exhibits a mixture of creep and elastic after-effects at room temperature. its
their behavior is time dependent. It does not have small plastic zone.

6. (b)
Volumetric strain, v = l + b +d
= l – l – l
= (1 – 2 × 0.3) × 1.25 mm per m
= 0.5 mm3 per m3
= 0.5 × 10–3 = 5× 10–4

7. (b)
1 kN-m 12 kN-m
P
B C
A
4m
4m 8m 8m
R c = 1.25 kN
12  4  18
Rb  = 5.25 kN
16

Now, MP = – 1.25 × (8 + 4) + 12
= – 3 kN-m
Negative sign shows hogging.

8. (d)
P P
C
D Pa
S
a a a
P 0 = 2P – P Pa  Pa
Pc  P
P0 = P 2a

P P
A B
D C

a a a
3Pa  Pa
RB   2P
2a

P
SFD +
D
C
A – B
–P

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 Civil Engineering | Test 4 17

9. (b)
w0
l/4
A
B
C

RA w0 RB

MA = 0
1 l  l 1 l 1 l 2 l
RB· l – × w0 ×        w0     =0
2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2
w0 l2 2 1
 RB × l =  
4 3 2
w0 l
 RB =
12
 w0 l
So, RA =
12
 w0 l l 1 l w0 1 l
Ml /4 =      
12 4 2 4 2 3 4
3 w0 l 2  w0 l 2  w0 l 2
=  
48  4 16  4 64

10. (a)
x
w

a L a  wa2  wa2
L  L  2 2
w  a w  a
2  2 

L  L2  4 a 2
x =
2
For real values of x,
L2 – 4a2  0
 L  2a

11. (d)
P
P

x x
l l/2 l/2

Mx = – Px (for 0 < x < l) Mx = –Px (for 0 < x < l/2)

l /2
M 2 dx   Px 2 dx
U1 =  x
2 EI
U2 =  2EI
0

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18 ESE 2021 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series

l
  Px  2 dx P2 l3 P2 l3 P2l3
=  2 EI

6EI =  
2EI 3  2 3 48EI
0

U1
 = 8
U2

12. (a)

A
N

T-Section Shear
stress distribution

13. (c)
According to distortion energy theory,
2
 1  2 2   2  3 2   3  1 2  y 
  
2  FOS 

 200 2   100 2   100 2  2y

 
2 3
  y  300 MPa

14. (a)
The neutral axis exists between the direction of bending moment and weaker axis (III).
So, neutral axis lies between IV and III.

15. (a)
As per flexure formula,
 M E

y = I R
2  105 
 = 2 /2
2000 /2
  = 200 MPa

16. (b)
Mmax = 0.5P
M
allowable 
Z
 0.5P 
 11  6
bh 2
 P  8.25 kN

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 Civil Engineering | Test 4 19

Also, Vmax = P
3V
allow 
2A
3 P
 1.2 
2 bh
 P  12 kN
So, Pmax = 8.25 kN

17. (a) b
Core of rectangular section:
a = side of core region a h/6
h

b2  h2
=
6
b/6
Core of a circular section

2D

2D
4

2D
Diameter of core region =
4
D
Radius of core region =
4

18. (c)
It is not necessary that a section having symmetry about neutral axis to have maximum shear at
neutral axis.
Also, for a thin circular section,

max = 2 av

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20 ESE 2021 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series

19. (d)

At P, only shear stress is present i.e., P

At Q, shear stress is zero i.e., Q Tensle flexure sterss at Q.

20. (c)
There are two transitions in shear stress distribution and thus the width changes twice i.e. I-section.
For an I-section, at junction, the shear stress increases by a factor of B/t where B is width of flange
and t is thickness of web.
Since increase at top is higher so width at top will also be more.

21. (c)
For flitched beam, the radius of curvature of each component is same.
E
Maximum bending stress, max =  y max
R
Thus, max depends upon E and ymax.

22. (c)
Torque on part BC = T
Torque on part AC = 2T

T 2  l /2   2T  2  l/2 
So, U = 
2GJ 2GJ

5T 2 l
U =
4GJ

23. (c)
Power = Tw
 200 × 103 = T × 2 × 5
20000
 T = N-m

For minimum requried safe diameter,
16T
max =
d 3
16  20000
 4 × 106 =
  d 3
8  10 4
 d3 = [2  10]
106  10
 d = 0.2 m = 200 mm

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 Civil Engineering | Test 4 21

24. (d)
Torsion of non-circular Section
Non-circular sections are torsionally weak as shear stress distribution is non symmetrical about
the centre. Such sections when subjected to torque, get warped and their plane section before
twisting does not remain plane after twisting.
Consider a rectangular shaft subjected to torque having width b which is greater than d.

 max

T d
C
d
b>d
b
b Shear stress distribution

In rectangular shaft, maximum shear stress is developed on the middle surface of longer side, but
maximum distance from the centre is at corners but stress at corners is zero.

25. (a)
Shearing stresses in two mutually perpendicular planes are equal in magnitude but not same in
direction.

26. (a)
GJ
Torsional stiffness of any shaft =
l

G     D4  d 4 
So, torsional stiffness of hollow shaft=
32 L

Gd04
Torsional stiffness of solid shaft =
32l0

 D4  d4   lo
Ratio of torsional stiffness =
L d04

 D4  d 4   lo
=
d04 L

27. (c)
Co-ordinates of centre of Mohr’s circle
  x   y   140 
=  , 0 =  , 0  = (70, 0)
 2   2 

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22 ESE 2021 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series

Radius =  100  70 2  30 2 = 30 2 MPa

1, 2 = 70 ± R = 70 ± 30 2
  1 = 70  30 2 = 112.42 MPa
 2 = 70  30 2 = 27.58 MPa

28. (a)
80  60
Normal stress on plane of max shear = = 70 MPa
2
80  60
Shear stress on plane of max shear = = 10 MPa
2
So resultant stress = 702  102 = 5000 = 50 2 = 70.71 MPa

29. (b)
M = PR cos  P

M
= R cos 
P
U R
V =
P

 M  
M dx
/2  P 
V = 0 EI
PR

/2  PR cos  R cos  R d

= 0 EI
PR 3 /2
= 0 cos2  d
EI
 PR 3
=
4 EI

30. (a)
P 2P/3
q
2a/3 a/3
A B C
B
P 2P
a b
3 3

 2P   b3
  qb 4
 3  
B =
3EI 8EI
2 Pb 3 qb 4
 B = 
9 EI 8EI

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 Civil Engineering | Test 4 23

31. (a)
T eq = M2  T 2

= 302  402 = 50 kN-m

16Te
 =
  d 4 
  d03   1   i  
  do  

16  50  106
 63 =
  d03   1  0.6 4 

16  50  106
 d03 =
   1  0.1296   63
 d0 = (4.64)1/3 × 102 = 167 mm

32. (b)

Wl 3
For concentrated load,  =  8 mm (Given)
48EI

5wl 4 5Wl 3 5
For UDL over whole span 1 =   8  5 mm
384EI 8  48EI  8
w

0

+ = 1
w

0

Now, 0 + 0 = 1
1
 0 =
2
 0 = 2.5 mm

33. (d)
For Euler’s formula to be valid,

Pcr =
 2 EI

   2 E A
 2 E Ar 2  l
 where  = 
l2
l 2
 2 r
P e = c × A
 2 EA
So, = c × A
2
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24 ESE 2021 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series

2 E
 2 =
c
E
  =  
c

200  103
  = 
202
  = 100

34. (c)
In case of helical spring,
16T
max = where T = PR
d 3
16  500  162 16  500  9
= = = 222.22 MPa
  183 18  18

35. (a)
p 
Helix angle  = tan 1  
2
 R

1  8 
= tan  
 2  4 
1
= tan  0.318  = 17°39

36. (d)
pd
Hoop stress,  =
2t
10 3  9.81  80  1
 20 × 106 =
2t
9.81  80  103  1
 t =
2  20  106
 t = 19.62 × 10–3 m
 t = 19.62 mm

37. (b)
As per Rankine’s equation,

cr  A
P =
1  a 2

3400  200  300  10 2

=
1  0.68  10 4
 300 kg

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 Civil Engineering | Test 4 25

38. (c)
E
Shear modulus, G = 2 1  

E E
 = 2 1  
2
  = 0

39. (b)
Using parallel axis theorem,
Ic = Ix – Ad12
= 40 × 106 – 2000 × 502
= 35 × 106 mm4
Now for u-axis, Ic = Ix + Ad22
= 35 × 106 + 2000 × 602
= 42.2 × 106 mm4

40. (b)
WL
BM at mid-span, M =
4
 M = fZ
WL I
 = y
4
bd 3
 2
WL 12   bd
 =
4 d /2 6

3 WL
 d =
2 b

41. (c)
A
A

l
l
L1

B
L1 45° B F
F
2F
2F RB = F

RB = F

MA = 0
 RB × L1 – F × L1 = 0
 RB = F

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26 ESE 2021 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series

2 EI
Buckling load for column, Pcr = = 2F
l2
2 EI
 F =
2l 2

42. (a)
240 mm

e O
1136 N

3408 N
5000 N

Mo = 0
 3408 × e = 1136(240 – e)
 e = 60 mm

43. (d)

2k2
k2 k2 2 k1 k2
=  keq =
k1  2 k2
k1

k1

44. (c)
Modulus of resilience is strain energy per unit volume upto elastic limit. So definition of modulus
of resilience in statement (II) is wrong.

45. (b)
Thermal stress = ET
If temperature increases, compressive forces are developed at supports to nullify the elongation.
Thus both statements are true but statement (II) is not correct explanation for statement (I).

46. (a)
V
max = 1.5 For rectangular section
A

4 V
= · For circular cross-section
3 A
Thus for same allow, circular section can bear more shear force.

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 Civil Engineering | Test 4 27

47. (b)
For ductile materials distortion energy theory is the best suited because it gives same result in
both cases of theoretical and experimental results.

48. (b)

49. (c)
Stress is a second order tensor.

50. (a)
2 EI
Pcrippling =
l2
b4 b
Isquare =
12
d 4
Icircle =
64
Asquare = Acircle
d 2
 b2 =
4
d

 b = d
2
2b
 d =


Ps I s b 4 64 b 4   2  64
 =   = 2
Pc Ic 12 d 4  
  4b 2

Ps 
 =  1.047
Pc 3

51. (b)
 = 21 kN/m3, w = 13%, G = 2.7 ; Vsoil = 1 m3

d =
1w
21
 d =
1  0.13
 d = 18.58 kN/m3
wsolid
We know d = Vsoil

wsolid
18.58 = Vsoil
(Vsoil = 1 m3)

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28 ESE 2021 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series

 wsolid = 18.58 kN
ww
w =
wsolid
 ww = 0.13 × 18.58
 ww = 2.41 kN

52. (b)
Rh = ( – 1)1000
 Rh = (1.017 – 1)1000
 Rh = 17
As T < 27°C, so temperature correction will be negative
 (Rh )corrected = 17 – 1.73 = 15.27

53. (b)
w  wP 28  32
1. Il = w  w = = – 0.18
L P 54  32
IP 54  32
2. Activity =   0.32
C  100  32 
3. w S < w < wP (Plastic state)
4. Degree of saturation for soil can’t be greater than one for any case.

54. (a)

48
4.75 mm

30 = 100 – (48 + 22)

75 
22

Percentage finer than 75  = 22% < 50%

 It is a coarse grained soil.
Percentage finer than 4.75 mm = 30% < 50%
 It is a gravel.
Now (IP)soil = WL – WP = 55 – 25 = 30%
(I P)Aline = 0.73[WL – 20]
= 0.73(55 – 20)
= 25.55%
 (I P)Aline < (IP)Soil  clay
 Soil can be classified as GC means that is clayey gravel.

55. (a)
Q = AKi
 40 × 10–3 = (1 × 1) × K × 0.5
 K = 80 × 10–3 m/day

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 Civil Engineering | Test 4 29

V
Now V = Ki and Vs =
n
Ki
 Vs =
n
80  10 3  0.5
 Vs =
0.25
 Vs = 160 × 10–3 m/day
 Vs = 160 mm/day

56. (d)
1. Darcy’s law is not valid if flow is turbulent and we know that the flow will definitely be
turbulent in soil having bigger size particles like gravel.
2. For flow perpendicular to bedding plane, discharge will be same through all layers but head
loss will be different. It is like flow of fluid through pipes corrected in series connections.
3. Constant head permeability test in suitable for coarse grained soil and for fine grained soil,
falling head permeability test is suitable.
K 2
4. Specific permeability = m or Darcy
w
where K is in m/s,  is in Pa-s, w is in kN/m3.

57. (b)
– Shape factor is ratio of number of flow channels to number of equipotential channels.
– Shape of flow field is square for isotropic medium and rectangle or curvilinear for non-isotropic
medium.

58. (c)
Pore water pressure at A,
U = (H1 + Z) w (Head loss up to point A)
H1 = Height of water above ground level
 Flow is downward which results in decrement of pore water pressure
H 10  2
Now, Equipotential drop = N  8 =1m
d

Z = Vertical depth of section below ground level

Upto point A, head loss = (Nd)upto A × equipotent drop
= 2×1=2m
 U = (10 + 2)10 – 2 (10)
 U = 100 kN/m2

59. (b)
 1 = 0.1 N/mm2
c = 90° – 40° = 50° to the horizontal

 
Now,  c = 50° We know  c  45  
2
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30 ESE 2021 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series


 45  = 50°
2
  = 10°
 
  1 = 2C tan  45   (For UCS test, 3 = 0)
2
 0.1 = 2 × C × tan(50°)
0.1
 C =
2 tan 50
 C = 0.05 cot50° kN/m2

60. (d)

2C Ka
–
zo = 2C
 Ka

3
12 m 18 kN/m zo
+

zKa – 2C Ka

For pure cohesive soil,  = 0 and thus, Ka = 1

Net pressure will be zero at 2zo depth from top, known as critical depth (zc).
4C
 zc = 2zo =
 Ka

 1   68 
4 4 
 2  2
 zc = 
 ka 18  1

 zc = 7.55 m from top

 Critical depth occurs at (12 – 7.55) = 4.45 m from bottom.

61. (b)
A 0
3
3m  = 18 kN/m
Ka = 1/3
B1 18 27
B2
3
 = 20 kN/m
5m Ka = 0.5

77
C 2
(Values in kN/m )

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 Civil Engineering | Test 4 31

PA = 0
1
PB 1 =  18  3 = 18 kN/m2
3
PB2 = 0.5 × 18 × 3 = 27 kN/m2
P C = 0.5[18 × 3 + 20 × 5] = 77 kN/m2

62. (b)
CV t
TV =
d2

TV d2
 CV = TV = const., d = drainage depth
t
K Tv d 2 K
 mV  w
= Cv = coefficient of consolidation = m 
t V w

TV d 2 mV  w
 t =
K
mV
 t 
K
t1 mV1 K 2
 = 
t2 mV2 K1

mV1 2K 1
15 
  m
=  V1  K 1

t2  2 
15
 = 2×2
t2
15
 t2 = = 3.75 years
4

63. (d)
wG
(i) Se  wG  S =
e
(ii) S  ac  1  S = 1 – ac

w w wG
(iii) S  S = 1 e 1 
 w  1  w 1  e
 G G
G w  1  w G
1 e

 G  Se  w G G  Se G
(iv) S   S =  S
e e e e
 w  1  e
1e

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32 ESE 2021 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series

64. (a)



R  n tan

c  =  max

O 1 n C 2

65. (b)
• At same dry density value, permeability will be more on dry side of optimum because at same
density, in zone of dry side of optimum, soil shows flocculent structure and disperse structure
in zone of wet side of optimum.
• As flocculant structure has face to edge or edge to edge orientation, which leads to formation
of larger size of voids which result in higher permeability.

66. (b)
Using Kuchling’s formula, Q = 3182 P
P is population in thousands
Q is in l/min. P = 4,00,000 = 400 × 103
Q = 3182 400 = 3182 × 20 = 63640 l/min
63640  1440
 Q =
1  106
 Q = 91.64 MLD

67. (c)
Given data,
Po = 30,000; t = 0; P1 = 1,70,000, t = 20 years, P2 = 3, 00, 000, t = 40 years
2P0 P1 P2  P12  P0  P2 
Ps =
P0 P2  P12

 2  3  17  30  10 12   289  33   10 12
 Ps =
 90  289   108
3060  9537
 Ps =  10 4
199
 P s  3,25,478

68. (b)
• V ml of 0.02 N H2SO4 is used for titration of alkaline water sample, it signifies V mg of alkanity
in given water sample.
• For chloride demand, AgNO3 is used for titration and KMnO4 is used as indictor.

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 Civil Engineering | Test 4 33

69. (d)
Hardness occurs due to multi-valent cations i.e., Ca+2 and Mg+2
80 36 
Total Hardness (TH) =     50 = 350 mg/l as CaCO3
 20 12 
 183 
Alkalinity =    50 = 150 mg/l as CaCO3
 61 
 Carbonate hardness (CH) = Minimum (TH, Alkalinity)
= 150 mg/l as CaCO3

70. (a)
The chemical reaction which is involved in treating water with alum is given by,
Al2(SO4)3 · 18H2O + 3Ca(HCO3)2  2Al(OH)3 + 3CaSO4 + 18H2O + 6CO2 
Molecular mass of alum = 666
Molecular mass of CO2 = 44
 If 666 mg of alum is used it will release
= 6 × 44 mg of CO2
6  44
 12 mg of alum will release =  12 mg of CO
666 2

= 4.76 mg

71. (c)
• If intensity of mixing reduces gradually, then it forms large dense flocs.
• Alum clubbed with lime if used, leads to removal of excess fluorine known as Nalgonda
techniques.
• Mixing of alum as coagulant uses bicarbonate alkalinity present in water and also increases
CO2, whch leads to decrease in pH.
Gtd for alum—(2 – 6) × 104
Gtd for iron flocs—(1 – 1.5) × 105

72. (c)
In any pipe network, the following two conditions must be satisfied:
1. The algebraic sum of the pressure drop around a closed loop must be zero i.e. there can be no
discontinuity in pressure.
2. The flow entering a junction must be equal to the flow leaving the same junction i.e., law of
continuity must be satisfied.

73. (a)
Emission rate for each unit = 2 gm/hr/unit
For each unit,
SO2 produced = 2 × 6000
= 12000 gm/unit
 Total SO2 produced = 12000 × 4 = 48000 gm = 48 kg

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34 ESE 2021 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series

74. (b)
Continuous noise in an uninterrupted sound level that varies less than 5 dB during the entire
period of observation.

75. (b)
Rate of application of wash water is much higher (around 4-6 times) than the rate of filtration
because the process of washing the filters and removing the dirty water is generally continued for
a period of 3-5 minutes and the wash water has to be passed in this time only. Therefore rate of
application of wash water has to be increased.



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