Dulce, Kimberly S.

BSEE 3rd Year/Blk.1

Exercise
1. Which three parts are commonly involved in a control system? How to categorize this control
system?
Ans. A system usually contains three main parts: input, process and output.

Input. Stimulus or excitation applied to a control system from an external source, usually

in order to produce a specified response from the system.

Output. The actual response obtained from the system.

2. State the differences between a mechanical system and a pneumatic

system.
Ans. A mechanical system is a device made up of various mechanical parts. Its input is
provided by an effort. Once the effort and is applied, it can set off a motion to move a load. The
force applied to the load is the output of the mechanical system. While Pneumatic System is a
system that uses compressed air to transport and control energy. Air is first pressurized to give
energy in the cylinder. Then signals are input into the system through the use of switches. Next,
air is transferred through sealed pipes to the pneumatic parts for processing. Finally, the force
produced by the pneumatic parts is utilized to finish the designated task. The use of pneumatic
systems is very extensive, for example, in controlling the movement of train doors, the operation
of automatic production lines and mechanical clamps, etc.

3. What is the main difference between an open loop control system and a closed control
system? Use block diagram to elaborate.
Ans.
4. Explain the positive and negative feedback in a closed loop control system. What are the
differences between them and how they affect the control system?
Ans. In a “positive feedback control system”, the set point and output values are added together
by the controller as the feedback is “in-phase” with the input. The effect of positive (or
regenerative) feedback is to “increase” the systems gain, i.e., the overall gain with positive
feedback applied will be greater than the gain without feedback. While In a “negative feedback
control system”, the set point and output values are subtracted from each other as the feedback
is “out-of-phase” with the original input. The effect of negative (or degenerative) feedback is to
“reduce” the gain. 
5.Draw the control block diagram for a household constant-temperature type (with double
metallic sheets) electric iron.
Ans.

6. The following diagram shows the structure of a refrigerator.

(a) Briefly describe the working principles of using refrigerant to absorb the heat in the
refrigerator.

Ans. The principle on how does a refrigerator work is pretty simple. Gases get hotter when you
compress them into less volume because you have to work to push their energetic molecules
together. When you expand a gas, it is suddenly able to occupy much more volume. The heat
energy its molecules contain is now divided over a much bigger volume of space, so the
temperature of the gas falls (it gets cooler). The other principle at work in a refrigerator is that
when you have two things that are different temperatures that touch or are near each other, the
hotter surface cools and the colder surface warms up. This is a law of physics called the
Second Law of Thermodynamics.

(b) Draw the block diagram of the cooling system of the refrigerator, and clearly mark the flow of
the refrigerant.
Ans.
c) There is a temperature controller for the adjustment of the inner
temperature of the refrigerator.
Ans. Thermostats are typically found inside the refrigerator and have knob that allowed users to
adjust the temperature setting. Once a user set the desired the temperature, thermostat
maintain the temperature by controlling the flow electricity to the compressor.
(i) Draw the block diagram of the control system of the refrigerator.
Ans.

(ii) Is the control system of the refrigerator classified as open loop or

close loop control system?
Ans. Closed-loop control system.