6

ANALYSIS OF RING FOCUS REFLECTORS
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
OF
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
BY
HALIL ÖZDEMIR
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
SEPTEMBER 2019
Approval of the thesis:
submitted by HALIL ÖZDEMIR in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Master of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department,
Middle East Technical University by,
Prof. Dr. Halil Kalıpçılar

Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences
Prof. Dr. İlkay Ulusoy

Head of Department, Electrical and Electronic Eng.
Prof. Dr. Sencer Koç

Supervisor, Electrical and Electronic Eng., METU
Examining Committee Members:
Prof. Dr. Özlem Aydın Çivi

Electrical and Electronic Eng., METU
Prof. Dr. Sencer Koç

Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale Alatan

Prof. Dr. Vakur Behçet Ertürk

Electrical and Electronic Eng., Bilkent University
Date: 11.09.2019
I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and
presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare
that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all
material and results that are not original to this work.
Name, Surname: Halil Özdemir
Signature:
iv
ABSTRACT
Özdemir, Halil
Master of Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Sencer Koç
September 2019, 110 pages
Ring focus dual reflectors are the most modern forms of dual reflectors. They have
distinctive geometries which eliminate the aperture blocking that results from the
mechanical structure of sub-reflector. This characteristic of ring focus dual reflectors
provides a more controllable reflector pattern as compared with classical dual
reflectors. Also, the shape of the reflector pattern is different from the classical dual
reflectors because of the fact that ring focus dual reflector geometries are different
from the geometries of classical dual reflectors. The main aim of this thesis is
investigation of the advantages and disadvantages which are coming with the usage of
ring focus dual reflectors. In accordance with this aim, the analytical methods which
provide the calculation of reflector patterns are examined and they are applied to
classical and ring focus dual reflectors. The novelties that ring focus dual reflectors
bring about are presented in the thesis and compatibility of the obtained results with
the real world are discussed.
Keywords: Ring Focus (Displaced-Axis) Reflector, Current-Distribution Method,

Aperture-Field Method
v
ÖZ
HALKA ODAKLI YANSITICILARIN ANALİZİ
Özdemir, Halil
Yüksek Lisans, Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği
Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Sencer Koç
Eylül 2019, 110 sayfa
Halka odaklı çift yansıtıcılar çift yansıtıcıların en modern şeklidirler. Kendilerine özgü
geometrileri, alt yansıtıcının mekanik yapısından kaynaklanan açıklık engellemesini
ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Halka odaklı çift yansıtıcıların bu özelliği klasik çift
yansıtıcılara göre daha kontrol edilebilir bir yansıtıcı örüntüsünün ortaya çıkmasına
sebep olmaktadır. Ayrıca, halka odaklı çift yansıtıcıların geometrileri klasik çift
yansıtıcılardan farklı olduğu için yansıtıcı örüntüleri de klasik çift yansıtıcılardan
farklı olmaktadır. Bu tezin temel amacı halka odaklı çift yansıtıcıların ortaya
çıkarttıkları avantaj ve dezavantajların araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda
yansıtıcı örüntülerinin hesaplanmasını sağlayan yöntemler incelenecek ve klasik ve
halka odaklı çift yansıtıcılara uygulanacaktır. Halka odaklı çift yansıtıcıların getirdiği
yenilikler tez içerisinde sunulacak ve ortaya çıkan sonuçların gerçek dünya ile
uyumluluğu incelenecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Halka Odaklı (Yer Değiştirmiş Eksenli) Yansıtıcı, Akım Dağılımı
Yöntemi, Açıklık Alanı Yöntemi
vi
To my lovely family…
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Sencer Koç for his contributions to
my thesis and for teaching me how to be a good person and scientist.
I also would like to thank the committee members those examined and contributed to
this thesis: Prof. Dr. Özlem Aydın Çivi, Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale
Alatan and Prof. Dr. Vakur Behçet Ertürk.
I am thankful to my employer TÜBİTAK BİLGEM İLTAREN and P110 Hardware

Design Team for always supporting me throughout my master degree.
The last and greatest thanks are to my lovely family for always being with me.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................v
ÖZ ............................................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... ix
LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... xi
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................xv
CHAPTERS
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................1
1.1. Motivation .........................................................................................................4
1.2. Outline ...............................................................................................................5
2. TECHNIQUES USED FOR ANALYSIS OF REFLECTOR ANTENNAS ........7
2.1. Current-Distribution Method .............................................................................8
2.2. Aperture-Field Method ....................................................................................11
3. FRONT-FED PARABOLIC REFLECTOR .......................................................15
3.1. Debugging of Analysis Tool ...........................................................................21
3.2. Open Ended Waveguide Feed .........................................................................24
3.3. Horn Feed ........................................................................................................29
3.4. Comparison of Open Ended Waveguide and Horn Feed ................................33
4. CLASSICAL DUAL REFLECTORS ................................................................39
4.1. Cassegrain Reflector........................................................................................39
4.2. Gregorian Reflector .........................................................................................44
ix
5. SINGLE OFFSET RING FOCUS DUAL REFLECTORS ............................... 49
5.1. Single Offset Ring Focus Cassegrain Reflector .............................................. 49
5.2. Single Offset Ring Focus Gregorian Reflector ............................................... 55
6. DOUBLE OFFSET RING FOCUS DUAL REFLECTORS ............................. 61
6.1. Double Offset Ring Focus Cassegrain Reflector ............................................ 61
6.2. Double Offset Ring Focus Gregorian Reflector ............................................. 66
7. COMPARISON OF SAME KIND DUAL REFLECTORS .............................. 71
8. DESINGS OF RING FOCUS REFLECTORS ................................................. 79
8.1. Single Offset Ring Focus Dual Reflector Design ........................................... 80
8.1.1. Single Offset Ring Focus Cassegrain Reflector Design ........................... 80
8.1.2. Single Offset Ring Focus Gregorian Reflector Design ............................ 82
8.2. Double Offset Ring Focus Reflector Design .................................................. 84
8.2.1. Double Offset Ring Focus Cassegrain Reflector Design ......................... 84
8.2.2. Double Offset Ring Focus Gregorian Reflector Design .......................... 86
9. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................. 89
9.1. Future Works................................................................................................... 90
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 91
APPENDICES
A. Trapezoidal Rule ................................................................................................ 95
B. Gauss-Legendre Quadrature Method ................................................................. 97
C. Geometrical Theory of Diffraction..................................................................... 99
D. Calculations ...................................................................................................... 105
E. Reflection from Surface ................................................................................... 109
x

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ANALYSIS OF RING FOCUS REFLECTORS

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

ANALYSIS OF RING FOCUS REFLECTORS

submitted by HALIL ÖZDEMIR in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Prof. Dr. Halil Kalıpçılar

Prof. Dr. İlkay Ulusoy

Prof. Dr. Sencer Koç

Examining Committee Members:

Prof. Dr. Özlem Aydın Çivi

Prof. Dr. Sencer Koç

Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lale Alatan

Prof. Dr. Vakur Behçet Ertürk

Name, Surname: Halil Özdemir

ANALYSIS OF RING FOCUS REFLECTORS

September 2019, 110 pages

Keywords: Ring Focus (Displaced-Axis) Reflector, Current-Distribution Method,

HALKA ODAKLI YANSITICILARIN ANALİZİ

Eylül 2019, 110 sayfa

I am thankful to my employer TÜBİTAK BİLGEM İLTAREN and P110 Hardware

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... ix

LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... xi

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. xii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................xv

1.1. Motivation .........................................................................................................4

1.2. Outline ...............................................................................................................5

2. TECHNIQUES USED FOR ANALYSIS OF REFLECTOR ANTENNAS ........7

2.1. Current-Distribution Method .............................................................................8

2.2. Aperture-Field Method ....................................................................................11

3. FRONT-FED PARABOLIC REFLECTOR .......................................................15

3.1. Debugging of Analysis Tool ...........................................................................21

3.2. Open Ended Waveguide Feed .........................................................................24

3.3. Horn Feed ........................................................................................................29

3.4. Comparison of Open Ended Waveguide and Horn Feed ................................33

4. CLASSICAL DUAL REFLECTORS ................................................................39

4.1. Cassegrain Reflector........................................................................................39

4.2. Gregorian Reflector .........................................................................................44

5.1. Single Offset Ring Focus Cassegrain Reflector .............................................. 49

5.2. Single Offset Ring Focus Gregorian Reflector ............................................... 55

6. DOUBLE OFFSET RING FOCUS DUAL REFLECTORS ............................. 61

6.1. Double Offset Ring Focus Cassegrain Reflector ............................................ 61

6.2. Double Offset Ring Focus Gregorian Reflector ............................................. 66

7. COMPARISON OF SAME KIND DUAL REFLECTORS .............................. 71

8. DESINGS OF RING FOCUS REFLECTORS ................................................. 79

8.1. Single Offset Ring Focus Dual Reflector Design ........................................... 80

8.1.1. Single Offset Ring Focus Cassegrain Reflector Design ........................... 80

8.1.2. Single Offset Ring Focus Gregorian Reflector Design ............................ 82

8.2. Double Offset Ring Focus Reflector Design .................................................. 84

8.2.1. Double Offset Ring Focus Cassegrain Reflector Design ......................... 84

8.2.2. Double Offset Ring Focus Gregorian Reflector Design .......................... 86

9.1. Future Works................................................................................................... 90

A. Trapezoidal Rule ................................................................................................ 95

B. Gauss-Legendre Quadrature Method ................................................................. 97

C. Geometrical Theory of Diffraction..................................................................... 99

D. Calculations ...................................................................................................... 105

E. Reflection from Surface ................................................................................... 109

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