DATABASE

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
Overview of DBMS

Database is a collection of related data and data is a collection of facts and

figures that can be processed to produce information.

Stands for "Database Management System." In short, a DBMS  is system

software for creating and managing databases. The DBMS provides users and
programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data.
Responsibilities of DBMS

 Managing large quantity of structured data

 Efficient retrieval and modification: query

processing and optimization

 Sharing data: multiple users use and manipulate data

 Controlling the access to data: maintaining the data

integrity
Benefits of DBMS

 Improved data sharing.

 Improved data security.

 Better data integration.

 Minimized data inconsistency.

 Improved data access.

 Better data integration.

 Improved decision making.

 Increased end-user productivity.

Limitations of DBMS

 Increased costs.
 Management complexity.
 Maintaining currency.
 Frequent upgrade/replacement cycles.
Basic Concepts of DBMS

 Data Warehouse
 Data Mining
 Multimedia Database
 Distributed Database
Data Warehouse

A Data Warehouse is a subject-oriented

integrated, time-variant and non-volatile
collection of data in support of management's
decision making process.
 Why do we need data warehouse?

 Historical Data
The company ERP back-end is designed to cover one year of data. All
predefined reports are built to watch one year data.
 Multiple source
At some point the company bought third party ordering solution for business
enhancement. ERP provider took a fortune from us 'to integrate it in system'.
 Bad data
The Company CFO and his team needed a whole week to generate good P'n'L
report.
 Reports performance
Sometimes it took over two hours to generate yearly report of sales grouped by
product, customer and day.
 When do we need data warehouse?

Some companies spend months and months to create custom systems from theirs

standard product. They spent money and money to pay theirs extra hours. If they

have more than 250 employers to teach how to use new system, they wanted to

track their progress in comparison to their sales value. 

Benefits of the Data Warehouse

 Separate from operational systems.

 Accessible and available for queries.
 Subject-oriented by business.
 Integrated and consistently named and defined.
 Associated with defined periods of time.
 Static (non-volatile); meaning that updates aren't made
Limitations of Data Warehouse

 Cost/Benefit Ratio
 Data Flexibility
 Data Ownership Concerns
 Extra Reporting Work
 Content performance is unavailable
 International content scheduling.
 Assets at different levels, file usage.
Data Mining

Data Mining is a process used by companies to turn raw data into useful
information. By using software to look for patterns in large batches of data,
businesses can learn more about their customers and develop more effective
marketing strategies as well as increase sales and costs. Data Mining depends on
effective data collection and warehousing as well as computer processing.
Why do we need Data Mining?

Because it can improve customer service, better target marketing campaigns,

identify high-risk clients, and improve production processes.

In short, because it can help you or your company make or save money.
When do we need Data Mining?

As the amount of data increases in the future, data mining will become a valuable
tool both in hospital and Pharma sector.

In hospital, data mining application will help protect patient by maintaining

accurate records of patient's treatment, lab test, and administration of
prescriptions.

In Pharmaceutical industry, data mining will be helpful in finding new quality

drugs, predict who will be benefit from drug, and can help optimize use of sales
resources like manpower and marketing.
Benefits of the Data Mining

Private and public sectors such as banking, insurance, pharmaceutical

manufacturers, health care providers, and retailing are using data mining for a
variety of purpose to

 Reduce costs

 Enhance research

 Predict the effectiveness of a procedure or medicine

 Increase sales.
Limitations of the Data Mining

 It violates user privacy

It is a known fact that data mining collects information about people using some
market based techniques and information technology.

 Additional irrelevant information

The main functions of the data mining systems creates a relevant space for beneficial
information. Due to this act, there is a possibility that the collection of information
process can be little overwhelming for all.

 Accuracy of data

One of the most possible limitation of this data mining system is that it can provide
accuracy of data with its own limits.
Multimedia Database

Multimedia database (MMDB) is a collection of related multimedia data. The

multimedia data include one or more primary media data types such as text,
images, graphic objects (including drawings, sketches and illustrations)
animation sequences, audio and video.
Why do we need Multimedia
Database?

Data increasingly means not just numbers and small strings but multimedia data as
well – structured text, images, video, audio, VR, etc.

 multimedia data is large and will affect the storage , retrieval and transmission
of multimedia data.

 multimedia data structures are completely different from standard database

 In multimedia data structures we want content-based searching

 In case of video and audio databases time to retrieve information may be

critical ex (Video on demand)
When do we need Multimedia
Database?

Multimedia Database application areas:

 Digital Libraries
 News-on-Demand
 Video-on-Demand
 Music database
 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
 Telemedicine
Benefits of Multimedia Database

 Integration

Data items do not need to be duplicated for different programs invocations

 Data independence

Separate the database and the management from the application programs

 Concurrency control

Allows concurrent transactions

 Persistence

Data objects can be saved and re-used by different transactions and program
invocations

 Privacy

Access and authorization control

 Integrity control

Ensures database consistency between transactions

 Recovery

Failures of transactions should not affect the persistent data storage

 Query support

Allows easy querying of multimedia data

Limitations of Multimedia
Database

 Multimedia data consists of a variety of media formats or file representations

including TIFF, BMP, PPT, FPX, MPEG, AVI, MID, WAV, DOC, GIF, PNG,
TEC

 Usually, the data size of multimedia is large such as video; therefore,

multimedia data often require a large storage.

 multimedia database consume a lot of processing time, as well as bandwidth.

 Multimedia data structures do not easily lend themselves to content-based

searching
Distributed Database

A distributed database is a collection of multiple interconnected databases,

which are spread physically across various locations that communicate via a
computer network.
 Why do we need Distributed
Database?
A distributed database management system (DDBMS) is a centralized software system
that manages a distributed database in a manner as if it were all stored in a single location.

 It is used to create, retrieve, update and delete distributed databases.

 It synchronizes the database periodically and provides access mechanisms by the

virtue of which the distribution becomes transparent to the users.

 It ensures that the data modified at any site is universally updated.

 It is designed for heterogeneous database platforms.

 It maintains confidentiality and data integrity of the databases

When do we need Distributed
Database?

Distributed Database application areas:

 Manufacturing (Especially Multi-plant manufacturing)

 Military Command and Control

 Airlines

 Hotel Chains

 Any Organization which has a decentralized organization structure

 Benefits of Distributed Database

 Local autonomy or site autonomy — a department can control the data about them

 Protection of valuable data — if there were ever a catastrophic event such as a fire, all of the

data would not be in one place, but distributed in multiple locations

 Economics — it may cost less to create a network of smaller computers with the power of a

single large computer

 Modularity — systems can be modified, added and removed from the distributed database

without affecting other modules (systems)

 Reliable transactions — due to replication of the database

 Limitations of Distributed
Database
 Economics — increased complexity and a more extensive infrastructure means extra Labour

costs

 Security — remote database fragments must be secured, and they are not centralized so the

remote sites must be secured as well. The infrastructure must also be secured

 Difficult to maintain integrity — but in a distributed database, enforcing integrity over a network

may require too much of the network's resources to be feasible

 Inexperience — distributed databases are difficult to work with, and in such a young field there is

not much readily available experience in "proper" practice

 END
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