Biodiversity Log Entry # _4___ Format suggestion Kayla Cuevas

Trout Fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Kayla Cuevas, Colorado Springs, February https://spsseg.org/salmon-anatomy/

2020
General Description
Appearance/morphology: Can be different colors like olive green, blue, or even brown. These
fish have spots on their bodies and their underbelly is a silver/ pearly color (Ridolfi)
Size/weight: Can be between 2 to 8 pounds (Ford 2020)
Sexual dimorphism: Females tend to have a smaller but rounded jaw compared to the male fish
(Ford 2020)
Notable anatomical features: they have spots on their bodies like their tails and fins (Ford 2020)
Other characteristics: They are bilateral symmetrical and ectothermic so they can use the
temperature of their surroundings to be able to balance their own body temperature (Ford 2020)

Taxonomy
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Animalia, Chordata, Teleostei, Salmoniformes, Oncorhynchus, Oncorhynchus mykiss (ITIS
standard Report Page 2021)

Class/Order Characteristics
Synapomorphies: have a deep posture of their spines (Smith 1993)
Other characteristics: they have only 13 segments that are unique compared to other fish (Smith
1993)
 Reproduction and Life Cycle
Mode of reproduction: Sexual Reproduction
Age of reproductive maturity/generation time:
between the ages of 3 to 4 (Ridolfi)
Number of offspring: 200 to 8,000
Lifespan: Between 6 and 8 years
Lifecycle stages:
Adults reproduce and the female lays eggs
after about 21 days the female hatches these
eggs. After a few weeks the eggs grow into
larvae and a few weeks after that they become
juveline. These fish eventually grow to mature
after about 18 months and are considered
adults in which they repeat the process of
spawning then die after 4 to 6 years. (Ridolfi)

https://troutintheclassroomnebraska.wordpress.
com/resources/posters-and-pictures/
Habitat/Niche Characteristics
Habitat & optimal conditions: Typically are found in freshwater streams with cold water. Can
tolerate warmer temperature waters like 70 degrees F. (Ridolfi, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Coast
rainbow trout))
Geographic range: All over North America as well as British Columbia (Ridolfi)
Prey & predators: Trout eats worms, mollusks, aquatic and terrestrial insects, and fish eggs.
Bears, otters, raccoons, other trout species, minks, sea lampreys, and humans eat rainbow trout
fish. (Rodolfi)
Species interactions: Interact with other trout and salmon for food
 Resources and references used for this entry

Smith, G. (1993, January). Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. (Volume 122)
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/141723/tafs0001.pdf?
sequence=1

Ford, A. (2020, January 9). Rainbow trout.

https://www.fws.gov/southeast/wildlife/fishes/rainbow-trout/#:~:text=Rainbow%20trout
%20are%20a%20North,that%20shine%20on%20their%20skin.&text=Fish%20have%20a
%20pinkish%20stripe,backs%2C%20fins%2C%20and%20tail.

ITIS standard Report Page: Oncorhynchus mykiss. (2021, March 22).

https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?
search_topic=TSN&search_value=161989#null

Ridolfi, K. (n.d.). Oncorhynchus mykiss (Coast rainbow trout).

https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Oncorhynchus_mykiss/

Biodiversity Log Entry # __5__ Format suggestion Your Name

Echinoderm & Asterias Rubens

Julius Ellrich, Nova Scotia, Canada, June 28, http://ohapbio12.pbworks.com/w/page/515573

2017 01/Starfish
 General Description
Appearance/morphology: They vary in color like brown, purple, or orange. They have 5 arms
and the tips of them when they are active are turned. (Budd 2008)
Size/weight: Usually about 10 to 30 centimeters (Budd 2008)
Sexual dimorphism: Males range from 1- to 50 cm while females can range from 10 to 30 cm.
(Budd 2008)
Notable anatomical features: 5 arms, their body is flexible and is soft, their spines are ventro-
lateral (Lewis)
Other characteristics: they are ectothermic so they use the temperature of their surroundings to be
able to balance the temperature of their bodies (Lewis)

Taxonomy
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Animalia, Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Forcipulatida, Asteriidae, Asterias, Asterias Rubens.
(Budd 2008)

Class/Order Characteristics
Synapomorphies: They have these pores have help protect them internally. The pores are these
passageways by the tubefeet. They also have an “offset positioning of the ambulacral” (Knott
2004) which means that the starfish has more flexibility and has more movement compared to
other animals.
Other characteristics: They have an odontophore. An odontophore is right underneath the teeth
and helps when the starfish is eating. (Knott 2004)
 Reproduction and Life Cycle
Mode of reproduction: sexual reproduction or
asexually (Lewis)
Age of reproductive maturity/generation time:
1 to 2 years (Lewis)
Number of offspring: can spawn up to 2.5
million eggs
Lifespan: 5 to 10 years (Lewis)
Lifecycle stages:
The starfish when hatched, is a bipinnaria and
grows its arms as it develops. As most of the
arms are mostly developing, the star fish is
considered a brachiolaria and continues to
develop at this time they are a few months.
Eventually the starfish is now a metamorphosis
as it has grown most of its body parts but has
not reached optimal growth. After about 1 to 2
years the starfish has become an adult or
reaching their optimal growth of being an
adult. This adult then reproduces sexually or
asexually and the process repeats.

http://ohapbio12.pbworks.com/w/page/515573
01/Starfish
Habitat/Niche Characteristics
Habitat & optimal conditions: Found on kelp and rocky shores (Lewis)
Geographic range: Found in the Northern Atlantic (Lewis)
Prey & predators: They eat other echinoderms, bivalves, and molluscs. Most sea animals eat
starfish and even birds eat starfish. (Lewis)
Species interactions: Interact with crabs and other fish for food
 Resources and references used for this entry

Budd, G. (2008, August 5). The Marine life information network – Common Starfish (Asteria
Rubens). https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1194#:~:text=Asterias%20rubens%20is
%20the%20most,the%20north%2Deast%20Atlantic%20region.&text=Asterias%20rubens
%20is%20variable%20in,at%20the%20tip%20when%20active.

Knott, E. (2004, October 7). Page: Tree of life asteroidea. sea stars and starfishes.
http://tolweb.org/Asteroidea

Lewis, C. (n.d.). Asterias Rubens. https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Asterias_rubens/

Biodiversity Log Entry # __6__ Format suggestion Your Name

Lactobacillus & Lactobacillus crispatus

This was the closest I could find of the

anatomy of the bacteria

Teresa Joseph, Herbst- Kralovetz lab https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/

articles/10.1186/s40168-019-0667-9
General Description
Appearance/morphology: They are rod shaped bacteria
Size/weight: about 2 to 9 micrometer long (Siegrist, J. 2009)
Sexual dimorphism: None
Notable anatomical features: Rod shaped figures
Other characteristics: they create lactic acid (Siegrist, J. 2009)

Taxonomy
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Bacteria, Firmicutes, Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus, L. Crispatus
(Bibliography)
 Class/Order Characteristics
Synapomorphies: is a good bacteria that is used to ger rid of other bad bacteria, can break down
nutrients (Lactobacillus)
Other characteristics: N/A

Reproduction and Life Cycle

Mode of reproduction: asexual reproduction
through binary fission (Siegrist, J. 2009)
Age of reproductive maturity/generation time:
Do not last long but they grow fast in
temperatures from 30 to 40 degrees Celsius
(Siegrist, J. 2009)
Number of offspring: Bacteria splits into 2
Lifespan: 25 to several hundred minutes
(Siegrist, J. 2009)
Lifecycle stages: The life cycle stages are these
bacteria reproducing asexually through binary
fission and then producing lactic acid and they
repeat the reproduction cycle and die after 25
to hundreds of minutes later. (Siegrist, J. 2009)

This is more of a function of the bacteria

because there isn’t really a lifecylce
https://www.cell.com/trends/microbiology/com
ments/S0966-842X(17)30178-6
Habitat/Niche Characteristics
Habitat & optimal conditions: this bacteria is found in reproductive areas of most healthy women
also can be found in hydrogen peroxide (Kumar)
Geographic range: N/A
Prey & predators: Since they produce lactic acid they use glucose as a product to “feed” off of.
Species interactions: N/A
 Resources and references used for this entry

Bibliography - lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria site. (n.d.).

https://sites.google.com/site/lactobacillusbulgaricussite/bibliography

Kumar, H. (2016). Lactobacillus crispatus. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-

dentistry/lactobacillus-crispatus

Lactobacillus: Overview, Uses, side Effects, precautions, Interactions, dosing and reviews.
(2020). https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-790/lactobacillus

Siegrist, J. (2009). Lactobacilli - LACTOBACILLUS. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-

documents/articles/microbiology-focus/lactobacilli.html