Infections & Antibiotics

1-High risk of nosocomial infections due to :mechanical ventilator

2-.RP has a prescription for famciclovir for shingles (which started 2 days ago), and is
uncertain about filling it, due to the high cost. Based on the known effectiveness of
famciclovir for herpes zoster, benefits that the pharmacist should discuss with RP
include:
I prevention of acute zoster-associated pain.
II faster healing time for rash.
III less and shorter duration of post-herpetic neuropathic pain.
NB. Shingles caused by varicella-zoster virus VZV= herpes zoster, treated by
acyclovir, valciclovir and famciclovir(should start within 72 hrs).
3- Antibiotic that resist B-lactamase producing organism: cefipime
Cefipime is 4th generation and resistant to beta lactamases. Cephalosporin are a type
of beta lactam antibiotics closely relared to penicillins.. Beta-lactamases  produced by
bacteria, that provide multi-resistance to β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins,
cephalosporins, cephamycins, and carbapenems (ertapenem), although carbapenems
are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase.
4- Drug used for ttt and prophylaxis of influenza A & Seasonal:
Oseltamivir(Orally) , zanamivir inhaled, iv peramivir are neuroamindiase inhibitor.
5-patient have pharyngitis, the patient was penicillin allergic ( take amoxicillin) but
the organism is penicillin sensitive which Antibiotic should be used
alternativelyAzithromycin

6-Drug given as single dose once daily for 3 days, used in the ear & throat
infection (upper respiratory infection):Azithromycin

7-Drugs used in syphilis except 1. Azithromycin  2. benzyl penicillin3. doxycycline4.

Ceftriaxon
NB. syphilis caused by trapenoma pallidum. Benzyl penicillin is penicillin G – Doxycyxline/
tetracycline, cetriaxone, erythormycin effective for penicillin allergy
8-patient has allergy from penicilline which type of antibody had released?IGE
(Immunoglobulin E)
9- patient taking penicillin and got a rash which drug increases this rash: Ampicillin
10-All are mechanism of resistance in penicillin except:1-AB activation by B-
lactamase 2/alteration in PPB site 3/affect on the pentration on PPB 4/drug efflux from
microbial cell
NB.  B-lactamase inhibit the antibiotic not activate so this is why it is wrong

11-Pregnant woman having UTI which of the following drugs can be used: CO-
amoxiclav
12-Antibiotic for pregnant woman on labor for streptococcal infection Penicillin G
Labour with strep as its gram positive: penicllin G ,Gram negative: cephalosporins
General UTI: cefuroxime or co-amoxiclav
13-Suitable Tetracycline for Renal impairment or renal failure pt: doxycycline
14-Which of the following has least half life(shortest half life elimination)?
Erythromycin
( Erythromycin dose every 6 hrs .. so it’s the least half-life)
15-NOT fungus :- E.coli
16-Bacteria move by :-flagella (Hair like structure)
17-which antiviral cause mitochondrial toxicity (N.B.1- Stavudine 2- Zidovudine)
18-Antiviral used for influenza and ,Parkinson: Amantidine
19- antiviral used for HIV&HBV :- Lamivudine
20- In HIV the CD4 less than:200
21-CD4 bind to which antigen in the HIV positive Pt: T lymphocyte
22-patient has HIV(Immunocompromised pt) and has low fever and lung diffuse and
ask which negative mycobacterium like to cause this infection : Mycobacterium avium
complex.
23-The virus that infect the bacteria, Called Bacteriophage
24- Mononeocleosis Infectious caused By: Epastin Barr virus(EBV)
25-Epastin Barr virus affects who of the following? Teenagers
26- Virus that cause wart? Human papilloma virus(HPV) (cause cervix cancer)
27-which used in Tinea Terbenafine(LAMISIL) & Griseofluvin both 1&2
28-athletes foot symptom are except itching peeling of skin Red scaly white patch bad
odour
29-which antimicrobial used for Sheigella Non antibacterial treatment
30-pt has acute infection with abdominal cramps, fever and bloody stool she was
having shigella what to treat: Quinolines( oflxacin,Norfloxacin,or Cipro) or
ceftriaxone Azithromycin **Most clinical infections with S sonnei are self-limited (48-
72 h) and don't require antimicrobial therapy.
31-patient with HBV infection after few months of needle exposure, which is least
effective HBV vaccine
** A nurse get infected with needle of HBV patient, HBSAG -ve& HBSAB-VE= TTT
is hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin
32- a man is travelling to malaria-endemic area must take as a prophylaxis:
proguanil(Contraindicated in pregnancy or must receive vit-B as supplement)
33-anti TB drug cause down syndrome, if taken in pregnancy : Ethionamide
34- Which is lowest to cause yellowish discoloration(Hepatic toxicity)of urine?
Ethambutol
35- If the mutation in the beta subunit of bacteria RNA polymerase, the bacteria
become resistant to Rifampicin 
36-If the resistance in the gene responsible for mycolic acid that is essential for
synthesis of bacterial cell wall,so resistance is against INH (Isoniazid)
37- which is the SE. of INH(Isoniazid) :Peripheral neuropathy
38-case for Tb and leprosy he had big wound in his hand with very thick skin and no
sensation. In the wound he can use all these drug except: INZ (Isoniazid) As INZ
causes peripheral neuritis and numbness.
39-Leprosy treatment resistance due to: treatment with one drug,lepromatous
leprosy, inherent resistant,all
Leproy treatment: dapsone, rifampicin, ofloxacin,minocycline, clofazmizine
40- thrush (Oral fungal infection) caused by :Amoxicillin (Broad spectrum AB),
tetracycline ,Corticosteroids, and, oral contraceptive)

41-Meningitis is caused by which G-ve microorganism : H.influenza.

42- patient has meningitis Which drug cause hemolytic anemia ?Chloramphenicol
N.B Pseudomembranous colitis caused by cephalosporins( Cefuroxime),
fluoroquinolones, ampicillin/amoxicillin, and clindamycin.

43-Pseudomembranous colitis (severe diarrhea)can be caused by drug:

Clindamycin
44-which bacteria cause pseudomembranous colitis Clostridium difficle bacteria
45- Patient was on penicillin then experienced fever and stool analysis revealed
pseudomembrane colitis which is drug of choice in this case Vancomycin
45-Vancomycin Red man syndrome(anaphylactic shock=infusion related reaction)
caused by stimulate release of : Histamine
46- drug used in MRSA >> Vancomycin
47-case suffer from cyst amobiasis what is treatment for asymptomatic disease :
Diloxanide
Metronidazole: for symptomatic invasive amebiaisis.
48- For HIV patients receiving ART (anti retroviral therapy),Immune Reconstitution
Inflammatory Syndrome(IRIS) occur when :The action of antiviral start
49-Which is not true about immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrom :
corticosteroids and anti - inflammatory drugs don’t shorten inflammation action .
50-Community Acquired Pneumonia caused by(CAP)?
mycoplasma pneumonia&H.influenza (both)
51-Patient has pneumonia, What is the pathogen that causes it and the best treatment?
Cause is Mycoplasma pneumonia .. treatment is Macrolides(Clarithromycin)

52-Impetigo(Skin bacterial infection) caused by Group A streptococcus or Staphylococcus

aureus treatment: topical fusidic acid or Mupirocin(Bactroban).
53-When gentamycin will not be toxic: If plasma conc. Is less than 2mcg\ml,
conc for trough above >2mcg/ml (Avoided) ,prolonged conc for peak above >12mcg/ml
(Avoided)
54- Methicillin resistant bacteria called: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA)
55- Bactropan used to treat MRSA disease caused by ?staphylococcus aures
56-Antacids,Iron & Calcium decrease absorption of which: Quinolones
(ofloxacin,Norfloxacin&Moxifloxacin)
57-Penicillin & macrolide & quinolones to be taken on an empty stomach.
58-Salmonella(diarrhea from poisoning food) treatment:self limited or
ciprofloxacin
59-Bacterial vaginosis:500mg,twice,daily5-7days,or2g single dose Metronidazole,
clindamycin or tinidazole
60-Patient has Herpes simplex which dose is true :ACYCLOVIR 200 mg 5 times daily
61-Patient has cold sore, use Acyclovir how many times to apply?5times
62- Patient has varcilla zoster virus which dose is true: ACYCLOVIR 800 mg 5 times
daily
63-Amoxicillin 500mg orally used if Doctor shifted to IV, what the dose?1000mg
64- which of the following is anaerobic bacteria Clostridium
65- Patient with G6PD and UTI, which suitable antibiotic for her: cefuroxime
66-Acyclovir not effective in the ttt of CMV.
67-Valaciclovir had greater bioavailability (55%) than acyclovir.
68-Treatent of CMV are Ganciclovir or ValGanciclovir
69-treatment of HIV, SC(subcutaneous) Enfuvirtide.
70-Penicillin nor administered as IV: Penicillin V
71-Ethambutol S.E , cause reversible colour blindness(vision problem).
72-Treatment of bacterial meningitis: Cefuroxime.
73-Combination of 3 drugs in treatment of TB,To avoid the resistance.
74-Pharmacist dispense,refill the drug(Drug utilization)
75-The most reliable study: Randomised controlled trial.
76-The least reliable study: Case report.
77-Manufacturer recall of medication from pharmacies: Voluntary Recall
78-Sulphasalazine prevent the absorption of folate, so should receive folic acid spp.
79-SABA SHORT acting beta2 agonist example albuterol , salbutamol , used for
acute emergency asthma cause it have rapid onest of action
80-Corticosteroids used for long term control and to reduce the asthma attack
frequency