Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) A field identified in a table as holding the unique identifier of the table's records is called the 1) _______
A) key field. B) unique ID. C) primary field. D) primary key.
2) The organization's rules for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardizing, classifying, and inventorying information is
called a(n) 2) _______
A) data definition file. B) data quality audit.
C) information policy. D) data governance policy.
3) Data cleansing not only corrects errors but also 3) _______
A) enforces consistency among different sets of data.
B) structures data.
C) normalizes data.
D) establishes logical relationships between data.
4) DBMSs typically include reportgenerating tools in order to 4) _______
A) retrieve and display data. B) display data in graphs.
C) perform predictive analysis. D) display data in an easiertoread format.
5) Which of the following is a main disadvantage to a distributed database system? 5) _______
A) requires more expensive computers B) lack of flexibility
C) poor responsiveness to local users D) susceptibility to data inconsistency
6) Jane Clark is student at the university. Jane is also employed by the university library. Jane got married two weeks
ago and her new last name is Jones. Jane receives her work cheque in the mail addressed to Jane Clark but her grades
that come in the mail are addressed Jane Jones. This is an example of ________ of Jane's information. 6) _______
A) data bits B) data inconsistency
C) programdata independence D) data sort
7) The logical view 7) _______
A) allows the creation of supplementary reports.
B) presents an entry screen to the user.
C) presents data as they would be perceived by end users.
D) shows how data are organized and structured on the storage media.
8) A data mart usually can be constructed more rapidly and at lower cost than a data warehouse because 8) _______
A) a data mart uses a Web interface.
B) all the information is historical.
C) a data mart typically focuses on a single subject area or line of business.
D) all of the information belongs to a single company.
9) A DBMS makes the 9) _______
A) logical database available for different analytical views.
B) physical database available for different logical views.
C) physical database available for different analytical views.
D) relational database available for different physical views.
10) The tool that enables users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions is 10) ______
A) OLAP. B) predictive analysis.
C) data mining. D) SQL.
11) ________ tools are used to analyze large unstructured data sets, such as email, memos, survey responses, etc., to
discover patterns and relationships. 11) ______
A) Text mining B) Web mining
C) Web content mining D) OLAP
12) In a relational database, the three basic operations used to develop useful sets of data are 12) ______
A) select, project, and where. B) select, project, and join.
C) select, from, and join. D) select, join, and where.
13) An automated or manual file that stores information about data elements and data characteristics such as usage,
physical representation, ownership, authorization, and security is the 13) ______
A) entityrelationship diagram. B) relationship dictionary.
C) data definition diagram. D) data dictionary.
14) The confusion created by ________ makes it difficult for companies to create customer relationship management,
supply chain management, or enterprise systems that integrate data from different sources. 14) ______
A) online processing B) data redundancy
C) data independence D) batch processing
15) Which of the following is NOT a method for performing a data quality audit? 15) ______
A) surveying data definition and query files
B) surveying end users about their perceptions of data quality
C) surveying entire data files
D) surveying samples from data files
16) In a table for customers, the information about a single customer would reside in a single 16) ______
A) table. B) row. C) column. D) field.
17) A government agency wants to analyze their data. Their data consists of email, memos, survey responses, legal
cases, patent descriptions, and service reports. What tools should they use to analyze their data? 17) ______
A) predictive analysis B) data mining
C) text mining D) OLAP
18) The process of streamlining data to minimize redundancy and awkward manytomany relationships is called 18)
______
A) data cleansing. B) normalization. C) data scrubbing. D) data defining.
19) Data mining is a tool for allowing users to 19) ______
A) quickly compare transaction data gathered over many years.
B) obtain online answers to ad hoc questions in a rapid amount of time.
C) find hidden relationships in data.
D) summarize massive amounts of data into much smaller, traditional reports.
20) A ________ represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle. 20) ______
A) field B) byte C) record D) bit
21) Which of the following database types is useful for storing java applets as well as processing large numbers of
transactions? 21) ______
A) relational DBMS B) hierarchical DBMS
C) OODBMS D) objectrelational DBMS
22) Which common database challenge is illustrated by the text's discussion of receiving multiple pieces of the same
direct mail advertising? 22) ______
A) data inconsistency B) data accuracy
C) data redundancy D) data normalization
23) The special organizational function whose responsibilities include the technical and operational aspects of managing
data, including physical database design and maintenance, is called 23) ______
A) data administration. B) information policy administration.
C) database administration. D) data auditing.
24) A onetoone relationship between two entities is symbolized in a diagram by a line that ends with 24) ______
A) a crow's foot. B) two short marks.
C) a crow's foot topped by a short mark. D) one short mark.
25) Tools for consolidating, analyzing, and providing access to vast amounts of data to help users make better business
decisions are known as 25) ______
A) data mining. B) OLAP.
C) business intelligence. D) DSS.
26) Jess Wilde works for a large law firm. Every week he gets reports on the cases each lawyer in the firm is working on.
He wants to get the files that deal with billing hours for each lawyer and combine that information with the files on
individual cases that each lawyer is working on. He discovers that information cannot flow freely across different parts of
the organization in this traditional file system. This is an example of ________. 26) ______
A) programdata dependence B) poor security
C) lack of flexibility D) lack of data sharing and availability
27) A onetomany relationship between two entities is symbolized in a diagram by a line that ends with 27) ______
A) a crow's foot. B) two short marks.
C) one short mark. D) a crow's foot topped by a short mark.
28) A group of records of the same type is called a ________. 28) ______
A) record B) field C) bit D) file
29) A group of related fields, such as a student’s name, the course taken, date, and grade, comprises a ________. 29)
______
A) byte B) field C) bit D) record
30) The join operation 30) ______
A) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.
B) organizes elements into segments.
C) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected.
D) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available.
31) The project operation 31) ______
A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available.
B) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected.
C) organizes elements into segments.
D) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.
32) As discussed in the Interactive Session: Technology, what problem was MySpace facing in its data management? 32)
______
A) data redundancy B) data quality
C) scalability D) programdata dependence
33) Darren Pepper works for a large medical clinic. They are running out of 5 digit patient numbers and they want to
expand the patient number to 7 digits. It will cost a great deal of money to make this switch because three of the clinic's
programs will no longer work with this new number of digits in the patient number. The clinic is using a traditional file
system. This is an example of ________. 33) ______
A) lack of data sharing and availability B) lack of flexibility
C) poor security D) programdata dependence
34) Oracle Database Lite is a(n) 34) ______
A) mainframe relational DBMS.
B) Internet DBMS.
C) DBMS for small handheld computing devices.
D) DBMS for midrange computers.
35) ________ recognizes patterns that describe the group to which an item belongs by examining existing items that have
been classified and by inferring a set of rules. 35) ______
A) Classification B) Associations C) Sequences D) Clustering
36) In terms of data relationships, associations refers to 36) ______
A) occurrences linked to a single event.
B) patterns that describe a group to which an item belongs.
C) events linked over time.
D) undiscovered groupings.
37) In a relational database, a record is referred to in technical terms as a(n) 37) ______
A) field. B) entity. C) tuple. D) row.
38) A data warehouse is composed of 38) ______
A) historic and current internal data. B) current data.
C) internal and external data sources. D) historical data from legacy systems.
39) A schematic of the entire database that describes the relationships in a database is called a(n) 39) ______
A) entityrelationship diagram. B) intersection relationship diagram.
C) data definition diagram. D) data dictionary.
40) The select operation 40) ______
A) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected.
B) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available.
C) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.
D) creates a subset consisting of all records in the file that meet stated criteria.
41) Which of the following nondigital data storage items is most similar to a database? 41) ______
A) doctor's office invoice. B) list of sales totals on a spreadsheet.
C) library card catalog. D) cash register receipt.
42) The most prominent data manipulation language today is 42) ______
A) Access. B) SQL.
C) Crystal Reports. D) DB2.
43) Detecting and correcting data in a database or file that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant is
called 43) ______
A) data optimization. B) data scrubbing.
C) defragmentation. D) data auditing.
44) A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number (such as a person’s name or age) is
called a ________. 44) ______
A) byte B) bit C) field D) record
45) The type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in twodimensional tables is the 45) ______
A) predigital DBMS. B) relational DBMS.
C) OODBMS. D) hierarchical DBMS.
46) OLAP is a tool for enabling 46) ______
A) programmers to quickly diagram data relationships.
B) programmers to normalize data.
C) users to view both logical and physical views of data.
D) users to obtain online answers to ad hoc questions in a rapid amount of time.
47) The Bank of Canada has large amounts of data collected over many years. It wants to get value from this data. They
decide they want to analyze this large amount of data. They don't have any particular question in mind, they just want to
find out if there are any hidden trends in the data. What tools should they use to analyze the data? 47) ______
A) predictive analysis B) data mining
C) text mining D) OLAP
48) DBMS for midrange computers include all of the following EXCEPT 48) ______
A) Oracle. B) Microsoft Access.
C) DB2. D) Microsoft SQL Server.
49) Duplicate data in multiple data files is called data ________. 49) ______
A) repetition B) independence C) partitions D) redundancy
50) A characteristic or quality describing an entity is called a(n) 50) ______
A) tuple. B) attribute. C) key field. D) field.
51) The type of database management approach that can handle multimedia is the 51) ______
A) hierarchical DBMS. B) network DBMS.
C) objectoriented DBMS. D) relational DBMS.
52) Which of the following is NOT one of the main problems with a traditional file environment? 52) ______
A) programdata independence
B) lack of flexibility in creating ad hoc reports
C) poor security
D) data inconsistency
53) The Giant Hardware Company sells four different products – screws, nails, hammers, and bolts–in the East, West,
and Prairie regions. They want to know how many hammers sold in each of their sales regions and compare actual
results with projected sales. What tools should they use to analyze the data? 53) ______
A) text mining B) data mining
C) OLAP D) predictive analysis
54) A DBMS reduces data redundancy and inconsistency by 54) ______
A) utilizing a data dictionary.
B) uncoupling program and data.
C) enforcing referential integrity.
D) minimizing isolated files with repeated data.
55) Gord Smith works for a large pizza chain. Every week he gets reports on the sales in each store across Canada. He
sees a problem in one of the stores in Ontario. He wants and ad hoc report for sales at that store after 9 p.m. on
weekdays. He is told that no such report can be created by the traditional file system. This is an example of ________.
55) ______
A) programdata dependence B) lack of flexibility
C) lack of data sharing and availability D) poor security
56) The data dictionary serves as an important data management tool by 56) ______
A) creating an inventory of data contained in the database.
B) maintaining data in updated form.
C) assigning attributes to the data.
D) presenting data as end users or business specialists would perceive them.
57) In what type of a database system is the entire central database duplicated at all remote locations? 57) ______
A) networked B) partitioned C) normalized D) replicated
58) Frito Lay wants to introduce a new flavour of potato chips in Canada. They have a great deal of data to help them
make the decision to introduce this flavour. They plan on using datamining techniques, historical data, and assumptions
about future conditions to predict outcomes of introducing the new flavour. What tools should they use to analyze the
data? 58) ______
A) data mining B) predictive analysis
C) OLAP D) text mining
59) An alternative to using application server software for interfacing between a Web server and backend databases is
59) ______
A) SQL. B) Java. C) HTML. D) CGI.
60) Microsoft SQL Server is a(n) 60) ______
A) Internet DBMS.
B) desktop relational DBMS.
C) DBMS for midrange computers.
D) DBMS for small handheld computing devices.
61) A group of bits, called a ________, represents a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol.
61) ______
A) record B) bit C) field D) byte
62) Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between entities and attributes? 62) ______
A) the entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PRODUCT
B) the entity PRODUCT with the attribute PURCHASE
C) the entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PURCHASE
D) the entity PRODUCT with the attribute CUSTOMER
63) Don Gibb works for a large retail chain. Every month he gets reports on the wages in each store across Canada. He
notices that one employee received a 20 percent raise. He calls payroll to find who put this raise into the traditional file
system. He is told that there is no way to know who entered that raise in the system. This is an example of ________.
63) ______
A) lack of flexibility B) lack of data sharing and availability
C) poor security D) programdata dependence
64) The specialized language programmers use to add and change data in the database is called 64) ______
A) a data manipulation language. B) a data access language.
C) structured Query language. D) a data definition language.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
65) ________ refers to the coupling of data stored in files and the specific programs required to update and maintain
those files so that changes in programs require changes to the data. 65) _____________
66) A more rigorous definition of a ________ is a collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently by
centralizing the data and controlling redundant data. 66) _____________
67) The discovery and analysis of useful patterns and information from hypertext documents on the Internet is called
________. 67) _____________
68) Microsoft Access is a relational DBMS for ________ systems. 68) _____________
69) A(n) ________ view shows data as it is actually organized and structured on the data storage media. 69)
_____________
70) The data warehouse makes the data available for anyone to access as needed, but it cannot be ________. 70)
_____________
71) A ________ is a field in a database table that enables users to find related information in another database table. 71)
_____________
72) A group of records of the same type is called a ________. 72) _____________
73) A data warehouse system also provides a range of ad hoc and standardized query tools, ________ tools, and
graphical reporting facilities. 73) _____________
74) The ________ operation combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is available in
individual tables. 74) _____________
75) A ________ , represents a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol. 75) _____________
76) ________ are the formal rules governing the maintenance, distribution, and use of information in an organization. 76)
_____________
77) A group of related files makes up a ________. 77) _____________
78) DBMS have a(n) ________ capability to specify the structure of the content of the database. 78) _____________
79) Oracle Database Lite is a DBMS for small ________ computing devices. 79) _____________
80) ________, is where the same attribute may have different values. 80) _____________
81) The process of creating small, stable, yet flexible and adaptive data structures from complex groups of data is called
________. 81) _____________
82) In ________, a data mining tool discovers different groupings within data, such as finding affinity groups for bank
cards. 82) _____________
83) Databases record information about general categories of information referred to as ________. 83) _____________
84) A(n) ________ database is one that is stored in more than one physical location. 84) _____________
85) The ________ operation creates a subset consisting of columns in a table, permitting the user to create new tables
that contain only the information required. 85) _____________
86) ________ are applications and technologies to help users make better business decisions. 86) _____________
87) A ________ is a database that stores current and historical data of potential interest to decision makers throughout
the company. 87) _____________
88) The most prominent data manipulation language today is ________. 88) _____________
89) A ________ represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle. 89) _____________
90) A line connecting two entities that ends in two short marks designates a ________ relationship 90) _____________
91) A DBMS includes capabilities and tools for ________, managing, and accessing the data in the database. 91)
_____________
92) A group of related fields, such as a student’s name, the course taken, date, and grade, comprises a ________. 92)
_____________
93) Microsoft SQL Server are ________ DBMS for large mainframes and midrange computers. 93) _____________
94) Microsoft Access and other DBMS include capabilities for ________ so that the data of interest can be displayed in a
more structured and polished format. 94) _____________
95) The ________ database design describes how the data elements in the database are to be grouped. 95)
_____________
96) RDBMSs use ________ rules to ensure that relationships between coupled tables remain consistent. 96)
_____________
97) A(n) ________ is software that handles all application operations between browserbased computers and a
company's backend business applications or databases. 97) _____________
98) Microsoft Access has a rudimentary ________ capability that displays information about the size, format, and other
characteristics of each field in a database. 98) _____________
99) A DBMS ________ data redundancy and inconsistency by minimizing isolated files in which the same data are
repeated. 99) _____________
100) Because pieces of information in different files and different parts of the organization cannot be ________ to one
another, it is virtually impossible for information to be shared or accessed in a timely manner. 100) ____________
101) A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number (such as a person’s name or age) is
called a ________. 101) ____________
102) The use of a ________ approach to file processing encourages each functional area in a corporation to develop
specialized applications. 102) ____________
103) Database designers document their data model with ________. 103) ____________
104) ________ is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data are stored in more than one
place or location. 104) ____________
105) Data ________ describes a situation in which the same attribute of a data entity may have different values. 105)
____________
106) Most DBMS have a specialized language called a ________ that is used to add, change, delete, and retrieve the
data in the database. 106) ____________
107) A ________ is software that permits an organization to centralize data, manage them efficiently, and provide access
to the stored data by application programs. 107) ____________
108) An ________ is a person, place, thing, or event about which we store and maintain 108) ____________
109) A ________ is a subset of a data warehouse in which a summarized or highly focused portion of the organization’s
data is placed in a separate database for a specific population of users. 109) ____________
110) A ________ is a field in a record that uniquely identifies instances of that record so that it can be retrieved, updated,
or sorted. 110) ____________
111) The ________ operation creates a subset consisting of all records in the file that meet stated criteria. 111)
____________
112) An ________ stores the data and procedures that act on those data as objects that can be automatically retrieved
and shared. 112) ____________
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
113) A data dictionary is a language associated with a database management system that end users and programmers
use to manipulate data in the database. 113) _____
114) Most DBMS have a specialized language called a data manipulation language that is used to add, change, delete,
and retrieve the data in the database. 114) _____
115) . Rows are commonly referred to as records, or in technical terms, as tulips. 115) _____
116) Each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity is called an attribute. 116) _____
117) Data inconsistency, is where the same attribute may have different values. 117) _____
118) A group of bytes, called a bit, represents a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol.
118) _____
119) A database management system (DBMS) is software that permits an organization to centralize data, manage them
efficiently, and provide access to the stored data by application programs. 119) _____
120) A data warehouse is typically comprised of several smaller data marts. 120) _____
121) A DBMS reduces data redundancy and inconsistency by maximizing isolated files in which the same data are
repeated. 121) _____
122) A group of related fields, such as a student’s name, the course taken, date, and grade, comprises a file. 122) _____
123) A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number is called a record. 123) _____
124) A group of records of the same type is called a file. 124) _____
125) An objectoriented DBMS stores the data and procedures that act on those data as objects that can be automatically
retrieved and shared. 125) _____
126) Oracle Database Lite is a DBMS for small handheld computing devices. 126) _____
127) Microsoft Access is a relational DBMS for desktop systems. 127) _____
128) Predictive analysis is synonymous with data mining. 128) _____
129) Many applications today require databases that can store and retrieve multimedia. 129) _____
130) OLAP enables users to obtain online answers to ad hoc questions in a fairly rapid amount of time, except when the
data are stored in very large databases. 130) _____
131) Data redundancy is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data are stored in more
than one place or location. 131) _____
132) Common Gateway Interface is a specification for processing data on a Web server. 132) _____
133) DBMS designed for organizing structured data into rows and columns are not well suited to handling graphicsbased
or multimedia applications. 133) _____
134) The most prominent data manipulation language today is Structured Query Language (SQL). 134) _____
135) Microsoft SQL Server are relational DBMS for large mainframes and midrange computers. 135) _____
136) Programdata dependence refers to the coupling of data stored in files and software programs that use this data
such that changes in programs require changes to the data. 136) _____
137) A group of related files makes up a database. 137) _____
138) Each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity is called an attribute. 138) _____
139) OODBMS are slower than relational DBMS. 139) _____
140) Data administration is a special organizational function that manages the policies and procedures through which data
can be managed as an organizational resource. 140) _____
141) A DBMS separates the logical and physical views of the data. 141) _____
142) A bit represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle. 142) _____
143) The use of a traditional approach to file processing encourages each functional area in a corporation to develop
specialized applications. 143) _____
144) Programdata independence refers to the coupling of data stored in files and the specific programs required to
update and maintain those files so that changes in programs require changes to the data. 144) _____
145) OLAP is a key tool of BI. 145) _____
146) A more rigorous definition of a database is a collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently by
centralizing the data and controlling redundant data. 146) _____
147) Data cleansing is the same process as data scrubbing. 147) _____
148) The select operation creates a subset consisting of columns in a table, permitting the user to create new tables that
contain only the information required. 148) _____
149) A data warehouse may be updated by a legacy system. 149) _____
150) A Web interface requires changes to the internal database. 150) _____
151) One of the drawbacks to OODBMS are that they cannot work with applets. 151) _____
152) In a relational database, complex groupings of data must be streamlined to eliminate awkward manytomany
relationships. 152) _____
153) Every record in a file should contain at least one key field. 153) _____
154) Rows are commonly referred to as records, or in technical terms, as tulips. 154) _____
155) A traditional file system can deliver routine scheduled reports after extensive programming efforts, it can also deliver
ad hoc reports or respond to unanticipated information requirements in a timely fashion. 155) _____
156) In a Webbased database, middleware is used to transfer information from the organization's internal database back
to the Web server for delivery in the form of a Web page to the user. 156) _____
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
157) Helen just wants to design and implement a DBMS in her organization. She is very technical and has a great
aptitude for this type of work. Her outside consultant is telling her that she must make some management decisions about
information policy and data quality assurance because they are essential in managing the firm's resources. How would
you advise her and why?
158) What types of relationships are possible in a relational database? Describe and give an example of each.
159) Susan is putting in a new DBMS in her fashion design business. She wants to do this right. She has asked you to
outline some important principles of database design. How would you advise her and why?
160) List and describe three main capabilities or tools of a DBMS.
161) Describe the ways in which database technologies could be used by an office stationery supply company to achieve
product differentiation.
162) Identify and describe three basic operations used to extract useful sets of data from a relational database.
163) Jill started a paint store 12 years ago. She put in a traditional file system to meet her marketing needs when she
started her business. Two years later she put in a traditional file system to take care of accounting and operations. Just
three years ago they put in another system to handle marketing and CRM. Jill is looking at installing another traditional
file system this year to handle purchasing and SCM. Jill has been reading that perhaps they should be using a DBMS
instead of these individual traditional file systems. How would you advise her and why?
164) List at least three conditions that contribute to data redundancy and inconsistency.
165) What are the differences between data mining and OLAP? When would you advise a company to use OLAP?
166) What makes data mining an important business tool? What types of information does data mining produce? In what
type of circumstance would you advise a company to use data mining?
167) The small publishing company you work for wants to create a new database for storing information about all of their
author contracts. What factors will influence how you design the database?
168) When you design the new contracts database for the publishing house mentioned above, what fields do you
anticipate needing? Which of these fields might be in use in other databases used by the company?
169) Describe the ways in which database technologies could be used by an office stationery supply company to achieve
lowcost leadership.
1) D
2) C
3) A
4) D
5) D
6) B
7) C
8) C
9) B
10) A
11) A
12) B
13) D
14) B
15) A
16) B
17) C
18) B
19) C
20) D
21) D
22) A
23) C
24) B
25) C
26) D
27) D
28) D
29) D
30) D
31) D
32) C
33) D
34) C
35) A
36) A
37) C
38) A
39) A
40) D
41) C
42) B
43) B
44) C
45) B
46) D
47) B
48) B
49) D
50) B
51) C
52) A
53) C
54) D
55) B
56) A
57) D
58) B
59) D
60) C
61) D
62) C
63) C
64) A
65) Programdata dependence
66) database
67) Web mining
68) desktop
69) physical
70) altered
71) foreign key
72) record
73) analytical
74) join
75) byte
76) Information policies
77) database
78) data definition
79) handheld
80) Data inconsistency
81) normalization
82) clustering
83) entities
84) distributed
85) project
86) Business intelligence
87) data warehouse
88) Structured Query Language
89) bit
90) onetoone
91) organizing
92) record
93) relational
94) report generation
95) conceptual
96) referential integrity
97) application server
98) data dictionary
99) reduces
100) related
101) field
102) traditional
103) entityrelationship diagrams
104) Data redundancy
105) inconsistency
106) data manipulation language
107) database management system (DBMS)
108) entity
109) data mart
110) key field
111) select
112) objectoriented DBMS
113) FALSE
114) TRUE
115) FALSE
116) TRUE
117) TRUE
118) FALSE
119) TRUE
120) FALSE
121) FALSE
122) FALSE
123) FALSE
124) TRUE
125) TRUE
126) TRUE
127) TRUE
128) FALSE
129) TRUE
130) FALSE
131) TRUE
132) TRUE
133) TRUE
134) TRUE
135) TRUE
136) TRUE
137) TRUE
138) TRUE
139) TRUE
140) TRUE
141) TRUE
142) TRUE
143) TRUE
144) FALSE
145) TRUE
146) TRUE
147) TRUE
148) FALSE
149) TRUE
150) FALSE
151) FALSE
152) TRUE
153) TRUE
154) FALSE
155) FALSE
156) TRUE
157) Developing a database environment requires policies and procedures for managing organizational data as well as a
good data model and database technology. A formal information policy governs the maintenance, distribution, and use of
information in the organization. In large corporations, a formal data administration function is responsible for information
policy, as well as for data planning, data dictionary development, and monitoring data usage in the firm. Data that are
inaccurate, incomplete, or inconsistent create serious operational and financial problems for businesses because they
may create inaccuracies in product pricing, customer accounts, and inventory data, and lead to inaccurate decisions
about the actions that should be taken by the firm. Firms must take special steps to make sure they have a high level of
data quality. These include using enterprisewide data standards, databases designed to minimize inconsistent and
redundant data, data quality audits, and data cleansing software.
158) A onetoone relationship occurs when each record in one table has only one related record in a second table. An
example might be a table of salespeople and a separate table of company cars. Each salesperson can only have one car,
or be related to the one car in the database.
A onetomany relationship occurs when a record in one table has many related records in a second table. An
example might be a table of salespeople and clients. Each salesperson may have several clients.
A manytomany relationship occurs when records in one table have many related records in a second table, and
the records in the second table have many related records in the first table. An example might be a clients table and a
products table. Clients may buy more than one product, and products are sold to more than one client.
159) Designing a database requires both a logical design and a physical design. The logical design models the database
from a business perspective. The organization’s data model should reflect its key business processes and decision
making requirements. The process of creating small, stable, flexible, and adaptive data structures from complex groups of
data when designing a relational database is termed normalization. A welldesigned relational database will not have
manytomany relationships, and all attributes for a specific entity will apply only to that entity. It will try to enforce
referential integrity rules to ensure that relationships between linked tables remain consistent. An entityrelationship
diagram (ERD) graphically depicts the relationship between entities (tables) in a relational database. Database design
also considers whether a complete database or portions of the database can be distributed to more than one location to
increase responsiveness and reduce vulnerability and costs. There are two major types of distributed databases:
replicated databases and partitioned databases.
160) A
d a t a
d e f i n
i t i o n
c a p a b
i l i t y
t o
s p e c i
f y
t h e
s t r u c
t u r e
o f
t h e
c o n t e
n t o f
t h e
d a t a b
a s e .
T h i s
c a p a b
i l i t y
w o u l d
b e
u s e d
t o
c r e a t
e
d a t a b
A data dictionary to store definitions of data elements in the database and their characteristics. In large corporate
databases, the data dictionary may capture additional information, such as usage; ownership; authorization; security; and
the individuals, business functions, programs, and reports that use each data element.
A data manipulation language, such as SQL, that is used to add, change, delete, and retrieve the data in the
database. This language contains commands that permit end users and programming specialists to extract data from the
database to satisfy information requests and develop applications.
161) Product databases could be made available to customers for greater convenience when ordering online. Databases
could be used to track customer preferences and to help anticipate customer desires. Sales databases could also help a
client anticipate when they would need to resupply, providing an additional service. Data mining could help anticipate
trends in sales or other factors to help determine new services and products to sell to the clients.
162) The select operation creates a subset consisting of all records (rows) in the table that meets stated criteria. The join
operation combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is available in individual tables. The
project operation creates a subset consisting of columns in a table, permitting the user to create new tables that contain
only the information required.
163) Traditional file management techniques make it difficult for organizations to keep track of all of the pieces of data
they use in a systematic way and to organize these data so that they can be easily accessed. Different functional areas
and groups were allowed to develop their own files independently. Over time, this traditional file management environment
creates problems such as data redundancy and inconsistency, programdata dependence, inflexibility, poor security, and
lack of data sharing and availability. A database management system (DBMS) solves these problems with software that
permits centralization of data and data management so that businesses have a single consistent source for all their data
needs. Using a DBMS minimizes redundant and inconsistent files.
164) Data redundancy occurs when different divisions, functional areas, and groups in an organization independently
collect the same piece of information. Because it is collected and maintained in so many different places, the same data
item may have: (1) different meanings in different parts of the organization, (2) different names may be used for the same
item, and (3) different descriptions for the same condition. In addition, the fields into which the data is gathered may have
different field names, different attributes, or different constraints.
165) Data mining uncovers hidden relationships and is used when you are trying to discover data and new relationships. It
is used to answer questions such as: Are there any product sales that are related in time to other product sales?
In contrast, OLAP is used to analyze multiple dimensions of data and is used to find answers to complex, but
known, questions, such as: What were sales of a product broken down by month and geographical region, and how did
those sales compare to sales forecasts?
166) Data mining is one of the data analysis tools that helps users make better business decisions and is one of the key
tools of business intelligence. Data mining allows users to analyze large amounts of data and find hidden relationships
between data that otherwise would not be discovered. For example, data mining might find that a customer that buys
product X is ten times more likely to buy product Y than other customers.
Data mining finds information such as:
• Associations or occurrences that are linked to a single event.
• Sequences, events that are linked over time.
• Classification, patterns that describe the group to which an item belongs, found by examining existing items that have
been classified and by inferring a set of rules.
• Clusters, unclassified but related groups.
I would advise a company to use data mining when they are looking for new products and services, or when they are
looking for new marketing techniques or new markets. Data mining might also be helpful when trying to analyze
unanticipated problems with sales whose causes are difficult to identify.
167) Student answers will vary, but should include some assessment of data quality; business processes and user needs;
and relationship to existing IT systems. Key points to include are:
Data accuracy when the new data is input, establishing a good data model, determining which data is important
and anticipating what the possible uses for the data will be, beyond looking up contract information, technical difficulties
linking this system to existing systems, new business processes for data input and handling, and contracts management,
determining how end users will use the data, making data definitions consistent with other databases, what methods to
use to cleanse the data.
168) Author first name, author last name, author address, agent name and address, title of book, book ISBN, date of
contract, amount of money, payment schedule, date contract ends.
Other databases might be an author database (author names, address, and agent details), a book title database
(title and ISBN of book), and financial database (payments made).
169)
S a l e s
d a t a b
a s e s
c o u l d
b e
u s e d
t o
m a k e
t h e
s u p p l
y
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a n d
m i n i m
i z e
w a r e h
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g a n d
t r a n s
p o r t a
t i o n
c o s t s
. Y o u
c a n
a l s o
u s e
s a l e s
d a t a b
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d e t e r
m i n e
w h a t
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a r e
i n
d e m a
n d b y
w h i c h
c u s t o
m e r s ,
a n d
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a r e
d i f f e
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i n
d i f f e
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g e o g r
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. D S S
d a t a b
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, t o
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a n t i c
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n d , a