8

Science 8
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Newton’s First and
Second Lawof Motion
(Week 1/Day 1-5)
Subject Area – Grade 8 Science
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Newton’s First and Second Laws
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Lalaine M. Biboso, EdD.
Editors: Geraldine C. Toledo, Rosalie P.Gillesania, Samuel D. Rosal, Yolka A.
Barbecho, Cherilene A. Suscano
Reviewers: Sally A. Palomo, Nerissa A. Alfafara
Illustrator: Remus Angelo E. Moscoso
Layout Artist: Geraldine C. Toledo
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Romelito G. Flores, CESO V - Schools Division Superintendent
Mario M. Bermudez, CESO VI – Assist. Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, Science
Juliet F. Lastimosa - CID Chief
Sally A. Palomo - Division EPS In- Charge of LRMS
Gregorio O. Ruales - Division ADM Coordinator
Nerissa A. Alfafara – EPS, Science ,
Edilbert A. Reyes, Ph.D.- Division Science Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph
 8

Subject 8
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
NEWTON’S FIRST AND
SECOND LAW OF MOTION
(Week 1/Day 1-5)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Grade 8 Science Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Newton’s First and
Second Law!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the Grade 8 Science Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Newton’s First and
Second Law!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

3
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
 What I Need to Know

On February 29, 2020 Philstar reported about 31 students and a driver who
were hurt when a jeepney plunged into a 40 – foot ravine in Barangay Olympog in
General Santos City. According to the police investigator, the students were on their
way home from a trip at the Sanchez Peak. Three of the injured students were
confined in the hospital while the others were immediately discharged after receiving
first aid (John Unson, Philstar, Feb.29, 2020.) Why did this happen? Who is to be
blamed? What should passengers do inside the vehicle? How can we prevent
accidents on the road? This module will help you answer these questions.

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Newton’s First and Second Law. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Investigate the relationship between the amount of force applied and
the mass of the object to the amount of change in the object’s motion.
(S8FE-1a-15)

And, specifically you are to:

1. differentiate balanced and unbalanced forces;

2. investigate the effects of force and mass to the motion of the object;
3. relate first law of Newton to the second law; and
4. cite situations in life where Newton’s laws are applied.

5
 What I Know

Are you excited to learn a new topic today? Before that, you need to answer
the pre-test to measure how much you know about the lesson.

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which chair will require the most amount of force to get it moved or accelerated?
A. a plastic chair with a mass of 2 kgs
B. a rattan chair with a mass of 3 kgs.
C. a wooden chair with a mass of 5 kgs.
D. a steel chair with a mass of 6 kgs.

2. Look at the boys playing tug of war. Assuming that each of the boys can exert
a 50N force, who will win the game?

A. only one boy C. no movement

B. the two boys D. cannot be determined

3. Below are three shoppers. Which of the shoppers require more force to push
the cart?

A. C.

B. D.

6
4. If the force is constant, what will happen to the motion or acceleration of the
object if the mass is increased?
A. decreased
B. increased
C. the same
D. zero

5. A bus moves along national highway from Koronadal City to General Santos
City. A passenger has noticed that over time, he passes the kilometer markers
in shorter periods of time. Which statement best describes the motion of the
bus?
A. the bus is keeping the same direction
B. the bus is increasing its speed
C. the bus is changing its direction
D. the bus is maintaining the same speed

6. What is the net force on girl who is sitting on the chair?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

7. If Josh exerts a force of 3N, and Jun is 6N, what is the net force?

A. 6N, left
B. 3N, left
C. 3N, right
D. 9N, left

8. Which of the following could be done to accelerate a moving object?

A. apply inertia
B. apply a balanced force
C. apply an unbalanced force
D. apply both balanced and unbalanced forces

9. Which of the following vehicles will come to a complete stop FIRST when the
drivers apply brake at the same time?
A. the fully loaded ten-wheeler truck
B. the van loaded with passengers
C. the empty dump trucks
D. the small car

10. If a van driver suddenly makes a sharp turn, which of the following will likely
to happen due to inertia?
A. Passengers will slide back and forth.

7
 B. Passengers will move backward.
C. Passengers will move forward.
D. Passengers will slide to the side of the van.

11. Two objects A and B were applied with the same net force. It is observed that
the acceleration of object A is two times greater than B. Which of the following
is correct?
A. Object A has a mass two times greater than B.
B. Object has a mass ½ of the mass of object B.
C. Object A has a less streamlined shape than object B.
D. Object A has more friction than object B.

12. Which of the following indicates that an object is accelerating?

A. speeding up
B. slowing down
C. changing direction
D. any of the above

13. Based on the figure below, if the boy number 1 will be

able to push the boy number 2 away from him, who
exerts greater force?
A. boy number 1
B. boy number 2
C. they have the same force
D. cannot be determined

14. What Newton’s law is illustrated in the picture below?

A. First law only

B. Second law only
C. First and Second laws
D. Law of gravity

15. Why should we wear seatbelts in riding a vehicle?

A. We should wear seatbelts to maintain our inertia.
B. We should wear seatbelts so that our body will not move if we meet an
accident or a force is applied to the brake.
C. We should wear seatbelts so that we can sleep while travelling.
D. We should wear seatbelts so if we are in an accident our body doesn’t
keep moving at the same speed and in the same direction that the car
was going.

8
 Lesson
Newton’s First Law and
1 Second Law of Motion

You are now introduced to your new lesson. This has something to do with
your daily activities like household choirs, exercises, playing and marketing. The
amount of force applied in doing these is a factor to make our motion fast or slow.
Example, in arranging your furniture you usually push or pull it. Techniques are
important to overcome friction and inertia for a fast movement. In helping drivers
pushing their vehicle out of sticky mud or engines stop working, playing tug of war,
baseball and soccer games are only few of the many applications of Newton’s first
and second law.

Before going further, you need to recall first your previous lessons to
connect to your new lesson.

What’s In

You have learned in your previous lessons that the layman’s understanding
of a force is that it is a push or a pull which refers to a very specific action. Force
acts on an object. This implies that, when we pull or push, there is an object that
receives it. The force exerted on the objects has a magnitude and direction. This is
called vector quantity. Newton is the unit for force. You also learned about net
force which refers to the sum of the forces acting on an object, capable of changing
the object’s state of motion.
Examples:
1. This ball is acted by forces with different directions. Its net force is equal to
2N, right. The direction of the net force follows the direction of the force of the
greater magnitude.

3N 5N

Net Force = 2N, right. Can you explain why?

Answer: The direction of forces is opposite. A 5N force is pointing to the right and the
other force is pointing to the left so you need to make one positive and the other
negative.

9
2. The second ball is acted by forces of the same directions. The net force is;
equal to 8N, left.
3N

5N

Net Force =8N, left

In this example, both the directions and the magnitudes are combined when
adding vectors.

Another important concepts you need to be refreshed are the following:

When a string, rope or wire

pulls on an object, it exerts a
contact force which we call
Tension Force.

Friction force is the opposing

or resisting force between two
solid surfaces.

The force exerted by a surface

(the agent) against an object
that is pressing against the
surface is called as the Normal
Force.

10
 These are common forces which you will encounter as you study this module.
Now please proceed to your engagement activity. There are four pictures to analyze.
The first two pictures are about the competition of strong men showing their amazing
strength in pulling the truck. The second set is a scenario at the mall. Please use
your observation skills to do what is asked.

Activity 1
Force is the key
Study the pictures. Give your observations regarding the force exerted by the
contestants in pulling the truck and grocery goers in pushing the cart

How did you find the activity? This activity shows that magnitude of force
matters in pushing or pulling to move the object. Object with greater mass needs
greater force to move it.

11
 What’s New

The next activity is a game for survival. Technique, cooperation, and unity
are needed to win the game. Still force, matters. Find out!

Activity 2
Making the balanced, unbalanced
I. Objectives:
1. Differentiate balanced force from unbalanced force
2. Find out the effect of balanced and unbalanced forces when applied to
objects at rest or in motion

II. Materials:
• Colored pencil
• Bond paper
• Pentel pen

III. Procedure:

1. The Team A and the Team B are to pull the cart full of groceries to be used
during the Enhanced Community Quarantine due to COVID-19. After the
final round, the winner will take the groceries home. Study the series of
illustrations and be able to determine what makes the winner, win the game.

2. Summarize your observations in table form.

Summary of observations
Total Amount of force Is the
Will the cart
exerted by the team force
move? (Yes/No)
Round equal?
Team A Team B To what
(Yes/No)
(wearing BLUE (wearing RED direction?
T-shirt) T-shirt)

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3

Round 4

12
THE TEAMS!
Team A (Blue Team) – wearing BLUE T-shirt
Team B (Red Team) – wearing RED T-shirt

Team A/Blue Team versus Team A/Red Team

Note: The final round is the basis in determining the winner.

FIRST ROUND!

50 N 50 N

Remember, you need to record the data in the table

13
SECOND ROUND!

200 N 200 N

THIRD ROUND!

150 N 100 N

14
FOURTH ROUND! - FINAL ROUND, WINNER TAKES ALL!

200 N 250 N

Questions:

1. Who wins the game?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. What strategy did they use to win the game?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. What force did the team exert to win the game?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Did you enjoy the activity? Did your chosen team win? In the activity, it
shows that balanced forces do not move the object at rest but it is the unbalanced
forces cause the motion.

Are you excited to do the next activity?. This will give you idea about inertia.
In this activity, you will observe the coin falling into the glass without touching it.

15
 Activity 3
Investigating Inertia

1. Objectives:
1. Demonstrate Newton’s first law of motion.
2. State Newton’s First law.

2. Materials:
• empty glass
• cardboard
• 1-peso coins (5 pcs or more)
• plastic ruler

3. Procedure

Coin Drop

1. Lay the cardboard on top of the glass.

Have one edge of the cardboard a
little beyond the rim so you can give
that edge a good flick without
smacking your fingertip on the glass.

2. Place a penny on top of the cardboard

so it’s centered over the glass.

3. Use a finger to flick an edge of the

cardboard. You will not flick the
cardboard directly from the side. (Do
not flick it downwards or upwards by
hitting from above or below the
cardboard.) Figure 1

4. Watch the penny drop straight into

the glass! (Refer to the figure 1.)

Questions:

1. What happens when you flipped the cardboard?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What is Newton’s first law?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

16
 How many trials did you make until you succeed in the activity? This was
about Newton’s first law introduced by Sir Isaac Newton who is an English
mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author. The activity proves
that inertia is the factor to make the object at rest unless acted by an unbalanced
force. You found out in the activity that the motion of the object is related to the
amount of force applied.

In the next activity you will discover what kind of relationship is existing on
these variables. This is about Newton’s second law. So, please do it.

Activity 4
Simulation of Newton’s Second Law

I. Objectives:
1. Determine the relationship of acceleration to the following:
a. Mass and acceleration at constant force
b. Mass and acceleration at increasing force
c. Force and acceleration at constant mass
d. Force and acceleration at increasing mass
2. State Newton’s Second Law base on the activity

II. Materials:
• Activity Sheets
• Calculator

III. Procedure:
1. The series of drawings/figures are of 2 sets, Set A and Set B.
2. Fill in the table below for easy analysis of each figure.

Table 1. Summary table of the objects’ mass, acceleration, speed, and force
Picture
Mass Force applied Speed Acceleration
number
1

The following illustrations are for your references in doing the activity.

17
 Illustrations for analysis
Set A
Picture 1
The man is pushing the box. The arrows indicate the direction and
magnitude of the force applied and the friction. Record the mass, speed, and
acceleration in the table.

Speed = 35.1m/s
Acceleration
8.12 m/s2

Picture 2
Compare this picture with picture 1. Observe what is added and the force
applied. Take a look at the speed and acceleration. Are there any changes? Record
the data in the table.

Force exerted by the man

in pushing = 500N

Mass of the man on top of

Speed = 33 m/s the box= 80kgs
Acceleration
1.97 m/s2 Mass of the box = 50kgs

18
Picture 3
What is the difference of this picture with the previous two pictures? What is
increased and what made constant. What happened to the speed and acceleration?

Force exerted by the

man in pushing = 500N

Mass of the man on top

Speed = 13.9 m/s of the box= 80kgs

Acceleration Mass of the box = 50kgs

0.90 m/s2

Illustrations for analysis

Set B

Picture 4.

Set B illustrations have different scenarios compared to set A. Try to spot the
difference. Record the mass, acceleration speed and the force applied in pushing
the box.

Speed = 6.0 m/s

Acceleration
1.74 m/s2 Force exerted by the
man in pushing the
box = 181N

Mass of the box

= 50kgs

19
Picture 5
What is the difference of this picture to that of # 4? What is increased in this
picture? Is the mass the same?

Speed = 15.0
m/s
Force exerted by
Acceleration the man in
2.14 m/s2 pushing the box
= 201N

Mass of the box

= 50kgs

Picture 6
Is the man pushing the same object? Is the force increased? As a result,
what happened to its speed and acceleration?

Speed =36.6
m/s
Acceleration Force exerted
3.32 m/s2 by the man in
pushing the box
= 260N

Mass of the box

= 50kgs

Questions:

1. What is constant in set A and B illustrations?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. If the force is constant and the mass is increased, what happened to its
acceleration?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. If mass is constant, and the force is increased, what is its effect to

acceleration?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. What is Newton’s second law?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

20
 What is It

Newton’s first and second laws can be understood by mastering the concept
of balanced and unbalanced forces. The table below can help you to differentiate
these forces from each other.

Bases for
Balanced Forces Unbalanced forces
comparison

Magnitude and equal size but in Unequal and opposite or

direction of forces opposite direction, may the same in direction

Effect to object in The object continues The moving object changes

Motion to move in the speed its speed and direction

Effect to object at Object moves in the

Object stays at rest
rest direction of greater force

Net force Zero Non-zero

Newton’s first law is also known as the law of inertia. It states that: An object
at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in
motion will continue to move at constant speed and direction unless acted on by an
unbalanced force.
Let us use a ball as an example. A ball if it is at rest, will continue in the same
state of rest. If an unbalanced force is applied, say, by kicking the ball, it will be in
motion. If the ball is in motion, say with an eastward velocity of 3m/s, the ball will
continue in motion unless acted by an unbalanced force. This is shown in the
illustration below.

How about Newton’s Second law?

Newton’s second law states that: Acceleration is directly related to force and
inversely related to mass. Consider the situations given.

21
Situation 1. The man is pushing the cart with a box inside. Observe on the change
in acceleration of the cart by comparing the two pictures.

As you can see in the illustrations, at constant mass if force is increased,

acceleration increases. This means that acceleration is directly related to force.

Situation 2. Here is another situation. The same man is pushing the cart. Observe
the load, force and acceleration. Can you spot the difference between the two
situations?

In the second, it shows that at constant force acceleration decreases when

mass is increased. This implies that the mass is inversely related to acceleration.

22
 What’s More

You have learned Newton’s first and second laws through different activities.
The proceeding activity needs your reflection on the things that you can see in the
environment and maybe you have done before. Again, study the picture and be able
to answer the questions.

Activity 5
Too risky

In most of our actions/activities and decisions in doing something Newton’s

first and second laws are not considered therefore, risks assessment is overlooked.

I. Objectives:
1. Relate the situations to Newton’s first and second law.
2. Reflect about the situation and give comments in terms of:
a. Mass
b. Acceleration
c. Force
3. Determine the risks in every situation.
II. Material:
• Pictures

III. Procedure:
Study the pictures reflecting how Newton’s first and second law are applied.
Answer the questions in every situation.

1. In this picture, can the little boy move

Situation 1
the cart? Yes/No. Why?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________

2. What law is applicable to this situation?

________________________________________
_______________________________________

3. What are the risks?

_______________________________________
_______________________________________

23
 Situation 2 4. What can you say about the acceleration
of the bicycle?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________

5. What Newton’s law is applicable?

________________________________________
_______________________________________

6. What are the risks?

_______________________________________
_______________________________________

Did you appreciate the activity? This activity implies that force play an
important role to make our tasks easy and fast. However, risks in every action we
take need to be considered. Example, in pushing or lifting heavy objects, proper
positioning of the body is important to prevent injury. While in riding in any type of
transportation, safety of every passenger must be the concern of everyone.
Let us see if you are the most experienced passenger by doing this another
activity. Try to recall your experiences in riding vehicles so that you can relate to the
activity. Are you ready?

What I Have Learned

Activity 6
It’s in the law
Determine if the scenarios stated are related to Newton’s first or second laws.
Mark a check that corresponds to the law.

First Second
Scenarios
law law
1. The bus driver suddenly starts his engine when he
realized that it is already his time to go. The passengers
sitting or standing in the bus tend to fall backward.
2. The player hits a baseball ball harder so it goes faster
and longer.
3. The driver suddenly stops the car and his passengers
strain against the seatbelt.
4. The bus decelerates when it approaches the checkpoint
for inspection.
5. The visitors are amazed when the waiter pulls the
tablecloth out from under the table full of dishes.
Do you know now which of your actions or experiences are related to Newton’s
laws? This implies that most of our experiences are applications of Newton’s laws.

24
 Do you have the most unforgettable experience being a passenger? What was
your reaction? How did you protect yourself? Strange questions? Find out in the next
activity.

What I Can Do

Common experiences in
Did you experience
riding a multicab/ What did you do?
these? Mark a check
vehicle

1. Body moved to the

right when the driver
stepped on the brake.

2. Felt on the floor due to

a sudden application on
the brake by the driver.

3. The vehicle bumped to

another vehicle.

4. No seatbelt available in
the vehicle.

5. Thrown forward when

the vehicle abruptly
decelerates and
eventually stopped.

Tell which of the following you experienced in riding our local transportation.

The activity allows us to recall our instant reactions in time that our lives are
in danger. This tells us that precautions and alertness in riding vehicles must be
practice. Do not sleep if you are travelling.
Did you enjoy all the activities? Did you learn? Let us find out by answering
the assessment portion of the module.

25
 Assessment

Answer the following questions by underlining the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which chair will require the most amount of force to get it moved or accelerated?
A. a plastic chair with a mass of 2 kgs
B. a rattan chair with a mass of 3 kgs.
C. a wooden chair with a mass of 5 kgs.
D. a steel chair with a mass of 6 kgs.

2. Look at the boys playing tug of war. Assuming that each of the boys can exert
a 50N force, who will win the game?

A. only one boy C. no movement

B. the two boys D. cannot be determined

3. Below are three shoppers. Which of the shoppers require more force to push
the cart?

A. C.

B. D.

4. If the force is constant, what will happen to the motion or acceleration of the
object if the mass is increased?
A. decreased C. the same
B. increased D. zero

26
5. A bus moves along national highway from Koronadal City to General Santos
City. A passenger has noticed that over time, he passes the kilometer markers
in shorter periods of time. Which statement best describes the motion of the
bus?
A. the bus is keeping the same direction
B. the bus is increasing its speed
C. the bus is changing its direction
D. the bus is maintaining the same speed

6. What is the net force on girl who is sitting on the chair?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3

7. If Josh exerts a force of 3N, and Jun is 6N, what is the net force?

A. 6N, left
B. 3N, left
C. 3N, right
D. 9N, left

8. Which of the following could be done to accelerate a moving object?

A. apply inertia
B. apply a balanced force
C. apply an unbalanced force
D. apply both balanced and unbalanced forces

9. Which of the following vehicles will come to a complete stop FIRST when the
drivers apply brake at the same time?
A. the fully loaded ten-wheeler truck
B. the van loaded with passengers
C. the empty dump trucks
D. the small car

10. If a van driver suddenly makes a sharp turn, which of the following will likely
to happen due to inertia?
A. Passengers will slide back and forth.
B. Passengers will move backward.
C. Passengers will move forward.
D. Passengers will slide to the side of the van.

11. Two objects A and B were applied with the same net force. It is observed that
the acceleration of object A is two times greater than B. Which of the following
is correct?

27
 A. Object A has a mass two times greater than B.
B. Object has a mass ½ of the mass of object B.
C. Object A has a less streamlined shape than object B.
D. Object A has more friction than object B.

12. Which of the following indicates that an object is accelerating?

A. speeding up
B. slowing down
C. changing direction
D. any of the above

13. Based on the figure below, if the boy number 1 will be

able to push the boy number 2 away from him, who
exerts greater force?
A. boy number 1
B. boy number 2
C. they have the same force
D. cannot be determined

14. What Newton’s law is illustrated in the picture below?

A. First law only

B. Second law only
C. First and Second laws
D. Law of gravity

15. Why should we wear seatbelts in riding a vehicle?

A. We should wear seatbelts to maintain our inertia.
B. We should wear seatbelts so that our body will not move if we meet an
accident or a force is applied to the brake.
C. We should wear seatbelts so that we can sleep while travelling.
D. We should wear seatbelts so if we are in an accident our body doesn’t
keep moving at the same speed and in the same direction that the car
was going.

28
 Additional Activities

Answer this critically.

A big truck ban stuck on a muddy road. The driver challenged the by standers
to push the truck ban out of the mud because he is going to give a prize. Would you
join?
Explain your decision in relation to Newton’s first and second laws.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

29
 30
What’s New
Activity#2. Making the balanced, unbalanced
Total Amount of force exerted
by the team Is the force Will the cart move?
Round Team A Team B equal? (Yes/No) To what
(Yes/ direction?
No)
Round 1 50N 50N Yes No
Round 2 200N 200N Yes No
Round 3 150N 100 No Yes, towards blue team
Round 4 200N 250N No Yes, towards red team
1.Who wins the game?---- Team B
2. What strategy did they use? ---Force is increased with only two players
3. What force did the team exert in order to win? --- Greater
than the other team
What’s In What I Know Assessment
Activity 1. Force is the key 1. D 1. D
2. B 2. B
Possible observations about the 3. D 3. D
pictures 4. A 4. A
5. B 5. B
✓ Panic buying.
6. A 6. A
✓ Greater force. needed to 7. B 7. B
move the truck. 8. C 8. C
✓ A man exerts greater 9. D 9. D
force than the woman. 10.D 10.D
✓ The two contestants 11.B 11.B
have amazing strength 12.D 12.D
13.A 13.A
14.C 14.C
15. D 15. D
Answer Key
 31
What’s New
1. What is constant in set A and B illustrations? - Set A – Force and
Set B – Mass
2. If the force is constant and mass is increased, what happens to its
acceleration? - Decreased
3. If mass is constant and force is increased, what is the effect to its
acceleration? - Increased
4. What is Newton’s second law?
Newton’s second law states that: The acceleration of the object is
directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to
mass.
What’s New
Activity #4. Simulation of Newton’s Second Law
Picture Mass Force Speed Acceleration
# Kg applied
N m/s m/s2
SET A
1 50 500 35.1 8.12
2 80 500 33.0 1.97
3 100 500 13.9 0.90
SET B
4 50 181 6.0 1.74
5 50 201 15.0 2.14
6 50 260 36.6 3.32
What’s New
Activity 3. Investigating Inertia
Q1. What happens when you flipped the cardboard?
▪ When the coin was flipped quickly, the cardboard moved forward
but the coin did not move with it. The coin stays in one place and
dropped into the glass because the gravity act on it. In addition,
the coin did not move forward because of inertia. Inertia is the
tendency of the coin to stay at rest.
Q2. What is Newton’s First Law?
▪ Newton’s First Law states that an object at rest will remain at
rest unless acted by an unbalanced force. An object in motion
will continue to move at constant speed and direction unless
acted upon by an unbalanced force.
 32
What can I do?
Tell which of the following you experienced in riding our local
transportation. Answers may vary. Depends on individual’s experiences.
What I have learned
Activity 6: It’s in the law
Scenarios First Second
Law Law
1. The bus driver suddenly starts his engine when he
realized that it is already his time to go. The
passengers sitting or standing in the bus tend to fall
backward.
2. The player hits a baseball ball harder, so it goes
faster and longer.
3. The driver suddenly stops the car and his
passengers strain against the seatbelt
4. The bus slows down when it approaches the
checkpoint.
5. The visitors are amazed when the waiter pulls the
table cloth out from under the table full of dishes.
What’s More
Activity 5. Too risky
1. In this picture, can the little boy move the cart? - No
2. What law is applicable to this situation? - Newton’s first law
3. What are the risks?
- The little boy might be injured or exhausted
- The activity/task is not fitted to the age of the child
4. What can you say about the acceleration of the bicycle?
- Slow because of greater mass
5. What law is applicable? - Second law
6. What are the risks?
- Prone to accident
- Both riders and driver of the bicycle are not comfortable
- Motion is so slow therefore it may hinder the flow of other
vehicles
 33
Grade 8 Science Teacher’s Guide
Grade 8 Science Learner’s Material
Books
References
Additional Activities
The answer will vary.
How is this related to Newton’s first and second laws?
If the net force of the people not enough to overcome the inertia of the truck
because of its huge mass, the truck will not be out of the mud. According to
Newton’s first law, there should be an unbalanced force applied to the object to
move. While in second law, the motion of the truck depends on the amount of
net force of the people pushing the truck. According to the second law,
acceleration is directly related to the force and inversely related to the mass. So,
the truck with bigger mass needs greater force to accelerate faster.
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

34