UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

LAB REPORT PHY 120

SEMESTER OCTOBER 2021 – FEBRUARI 2022

EXPERIMENT
“ NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION “

Num Name UiTM Number Group

1 MUHAMMAD FARHAN AQIL BIN RODZI 2021611678
. Phy 120
2 MOHAMMAD AFFIQ HAKIM BIN RASHDI 2021615586 F Group
3 NUR FATIN NAJIHA BINTI HAMLI 2021877828 Jerung
4 AZWA BALQIS BINTI AHMAD RAZALI 2021452898 Merah

DATE PRACTICAL :
INSTRUCTOR :
MARKS :
Objectives 5%

Methods – re-write your method in past tense sentences. 10 %

Result / Data – show and attach raw data in datasheet & verified 20 %
by lab instructor.
Analysis –
i) Plot s vs T2 graph 15 %
ii) Gradient from the graph 5%
iii) Calculate the mA value. 15%
iv) % Error 5%
Discussion – application from the laboratory work / pattern of 10 %
data obtained.
Conclusion – conclude based on the experiment’s objectives. 5%
Overall Format 10%
TOTAL 100 %
 DATASHEET

TITLE : Newton’s Second Law of Motion

OBJECTIVE : To determine the mass of metal trolley, mA by the application of

Newton’s Second Law of Motion.

Method:
manila card metal
trolley, A metal beam
digital
timer Y X
frictionless pulley

light string

Figure 2 weight B

1. The apparatus is provided as shown in Figure 2. The length XY (= s) of a piece

of manila card is measured and placed vertically on a metal trolley, A.
2.The mass (= mB) of a given weight B is measured.
3. TrolleyA at one end of the rope and weight B at the other end is tied. The rope is
placed over the pulley. trolley A is held by hand and weight B is hung in the air.
4. One position is selected as the starting point for trolley A and each time an
attempt is ensured to be repeated, trolley A is adjusted to this position.
5. TrolleyA is released from rest so that it moves forward and through the beam of
light generated by the digital timer. time, T for length, s for passing a ray of light
is recorded.
6. Steps(4) and (5) above are repeated several times, manila cards of different
lengths are used. The readings are recorded in the table below:
 s(m) T(s) T^2 (s^2 )
0.1 1.435 2.059
0.2 2.029 4.117
0.3 2.485 6.175
0.4 2.870 8.237
0.5 3.209 10.298
0.6 3.515 12.355
0.7 3.797 14.417
0.8 4.059 16.475
0.9 4.305 18.533
1.0 4.538 20.593

7. Thegraph of s against T^2 is plotted. This graph and the value of mB are used to
determine the mass of the trolley A, mA.
8. Trolley mass A, mA is measured using a weighing machine.
9. mA values are compared. Obtained from step (6) to that step (7).
Data;
Standard value ;

i) Mass of metal trolley, mA = 100 g = 0.1 kg

ii) Mass of given weight, mB = 1 g = 0.001 kg

Num. Length of XY, s (m) Time, T (s) T2 (s2)

1 0.1 1.435 2.059
2 0.2 2.029 4.117
3 0.3 2.485 6.175
4 0.4 2.870 8.237
5 0.5 3.209 10.298
6 0.6 3.515 12.355
7 0.7 3.797 14.417
8 0.8 4.059 16.475
9 0.9 4.305 18.533
10 1.0 4.538 20.593

Group Member :

Name UiTM Number Verified by:

1. MUHAMMAD FARHAN AQIL BIN 2021611678
RODZI
2. MOHAMMAD AFFIQ HAKIM BIN 2021615586
RASHDI
3. NUR FATIN NAJIHA BINTI 2021877828
HAMLI
4. AZWA BALQIS BINTI AHMAD 2021452898
RAZALI

*** This datasheet must be submitted upon the submission the lab report.
Analysis

Lenght of s vs T²
1.2

0.8

0.6
s

0.4

0.2

0
0 5 10 15 20 25

T²

i) Gradient
(0.8−0.4)
= (16.475−8.237)
(0.4)
= (8.238)
= 4.86 × 10−2

ii) Value m A
mB g
a = 2(m ¿ A +m )¿
¿ B

a = 4.86 × 10 ms−2
−2

g = 9.8ms−2
mB = 1g
 mA = ?

−2 −2 (1 g)(9.8 ms−2 )
(4.86 × 10 ms ¿=
2( mA +1 g)
( 1 g )( 9.8 ms−2 )
2( m A +1 g ¿ = −2 −2
( 4.86× 10 ms )
201.65 g
m A +1 g =
2
m A = 100.83 – 1 g
m A = 99.83 g

iii) %Error
|Experimental value−Theorical value|
× 100 %
Theorical value

|99.83 g−100 g|
= ×100
100 g
= 0.18 %
Discussion
- Based on Newton's Second Law it states that the acceleration of an object is
directly proportional to the net force but inversely proportional to the mass of
the object.
- Based on the results of experiments that have been conducted, it is proven
that the formula F=ma is true because the net force of an object can be found
based on the acceleration of the object and the mass of the object.
- For example, by using different mass of the trolley, time data, t is
successfully recorded. Next, the time data, t is doubled to find the value of T 2
that will be used in the graph to find the acceleration of the trolley. In
addition, it is also used to fulfill the conditions of the acceleration formula
v
that is a= t where a is the acceleration v is the velocity and t is time. This is
because the data obtained does not meet the demands of the formula because
there is no data for velocity but only have data for distance.
- A graph of s against T 2 is sketched based on the data obtained and the
acceleration value, a will be obtained based on the gradient of the graph.
- Through it, we can see that when the mass of the trolley increases it will
cause the acceleration of the trolley to decrease. This is because the net force
exerted on the trolley is decreasing.
- Mass A, m A can be determined using the gradient formula of the given graph,
mB g
where where the acceleration due to gravity, g=9.8 ms−2 .
2(m A +mB )
- Error percentage has been calculated using the experimental value of mass A,
m A obtained and the percentage of error we obtained while running this
experiment was 0.18%. It may be due to a parallax error while fetching data.
Conclusion
- So, the acceleration is directly proportional to the net force. However, the
larger the mass of m, on an object, the less the acceleration of a , the object.
Thus, we can say that the acceleration is inversely proportional to its mass.