CAVITE

MUTINY
1872
(FILIPINO VERSION)
DR. TRINIDAD HERMENIGILDO PARDO DE
TAVERA
(April 13, 1857 – March 26, 1925)

A Filipino physician, historian and

politician of Spanish and Portuguese
descent. Trinidad, also known by his
name T. H. Pardo de Tavera was
known for his writings about different
aspects of Philippine culture. He
wrote the Filipino version of the terror
in Cavite.
 Tavera did an amazing job on writing
the Cavite Mutiny in a Filipino
perspective. He rebutted on the claims
and allegations of Montero and
Izquierdo into what the main cause of
the revolt. With that, he also explained
the other side of the coin with
transparency.
 Two major events happened in 1872, first was
the Cavite Mutiny and the other was the
martyrdom of the three martyr priests in the
persons of Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos
and Jacinto Zamora (or better known as
GomBurZa).

However, not all of us knew that there were

different accounts in reference to the said event.
All Filipinos must know the different sides of the
story— since this event led to another tragic yet
meaningful part of our history—the execution of
GOMBURZA which in effect a major factor that
heightened nationalism among the Filipinos.
ARGUMENTS
* First , the incident that took place in Cavite in 1872 was a revolt of soldiers, and arsenal workers
who were dissatisfied with the policy implemented by Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo.
* Second, it is not true that the three martyred priests Padre Mariano Gomez, Padre Jose Burgos,
and Padre Jacinto Zamora, also known as Gomburza, were the masterminds of the rebellion in
Cavite in 1872.
* Third, the bloody war that took place in Cavite in 1872 was not an attempt of the Filipinos to
overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines.
* Fourth, Governor-General Izquierdo did not only banned the construction and opening of art
and trade schools for Filipinos but he also accused that there was a political movement going on
in the built school.
* Fifth, the truth behind the masterminds of the 1872 "Cavite Mutiny" was none other than
Maximo Inocencio, Crisanto de los Reyes, and Enrique Paraiso.
EVIDENCES AND
PROOFS OF THE
ARGUMENTS
 FIRST ARGUMENT

The incident that took place in

Cavite in 1872 was a revolt of
soldiers, and arsenal workers who
were dissatisfied with the policy
implemented by Governor-
General Rafael de Izquierdo.
According to Dr. Trinidad Tavera, on January 20, 1872, a group of about 200
soldiers, arsenal laborers, and Cavite residents led by Sergeant Lamadrid
rose up in arms and assassinated the commanding officer and all Spanish
officers in the area. The incident occurred as a result of the imposition of
taxes on workers and soldiers, as well as the provision of polo y servicio, or
forced labor, by which they were formerly exempted, or in other words, it is
a labor issue. Before Governor-General Izquerdo’s term (1871-1873) in
Cavite, Carlos Maria De La Tore governed there for two years from 1869
-1871 and under his leadership he became close to the hearts of the
residents, enlightened, and so on for the sake of democratic reform and he
has contributed well to Cavite.
 Under his liberal leadership he reaped praise to fellow Spanish
liberals as well as to the well-educated, and the resident of Cavite. It is
also clear that with the fall of the Republic of Spain was the return of
the Kingdom of Spain in 1870 with the new elected king, so De la Torre
was also replaced as Governor-General in Cavite by Rafael de
Izquierdo – the one who ruined De la Torre’s works and returned the
leadership of the friars. It was only in Izquerdo's ruling system that
people revolted to express their dissatisfaction with the policies
mentioned.
SECOND ARGUMENT

It is not true that the three martyred

priests Padre Mariano Gomez, Padre
Jose Burgos, and Padre Jacinto
Zamora, also known as Gomburza,
were the masterminds of the rebellion
in Cavite in 1872.
 According to Dr. Trinidad Tavera, the Spanish friars rebuke that the
masterminds of the revolt were the three martyred secular priests Padre
Mariano Gomez, Padre Jose Burgos and Padre Jacinto Zamora or better
known as Gomburza. And the truth is they were not the mastermind of the
Cavite revolt in 1872 because what they intend or promote is the
Secularization Movement. Jacinto Zamora was one of the proponents of
secularization involved in the revolt because when his home was raided,
he was caught by a letter stating “Grand reunion ... our friends are well
provided with powder and ammunition.” Zamora loves cards and the
invitation is the code of their bandits for gambling money because
gambling is the reason why he is a victim of mistaken identity. That card
game is called “panguigui” and that is a code of panguigui players.
 In addition, According to Chua (2013), “… they just used the name
of Padre Burgos to persuade people to the bloody Cavite Mutiny
on January 20, 1872. Varied things that GOMBURZA promoted in
those times and they did not member or mastermind of the ‘Cavite
Uprising (1872)' instead.
 THIRD ARGUMENT

The bloody war that took

place in Cavite in 1872 was not
an attempt of the Filipinos to
overthrow the Spanish
government in the
Philippines.
 According to Dr. Trinidad Tavera, announced by
the Central Government itself of Madrid that they
intended to remove the power of the friars
intervene in civil government and management of
educational institutions which prompted the
friars to resort to violent methods so that they can
maintain their power in the Philippines.
In addition Calinggo said, "Mexico declared independence in
1850 and one of another, Spanish colonies in South-America
were lost. The revolution and the new post constitution in
Spain, open it to liberal ideas of liberty and equality. In 1869,
the Sues Canal was open to shorten travel time from Europe
to Manila from 3 months to 32 days, in rush of a new world of
Germans, French, British and East-coast American investors,
merchants, teachers, scholars, sugar plantations, factories and
dangerous ideas, Filipino operates last become richer, better
educated in Spanish administrative and argued with the
friars. "
 Due to the fact that the Filipinos have become educated
just like the Spanish friars, they were also seeking
positions in the parish. In order that the Spanish friars
could not be expelled and the position could not be given
by the Filipino priests the Spanish friars used it to show
off the attacking of sovereignty of Spain in the
archipelago to not give the will of GOMBURZA to allow
Filipino priests to position themselves in church in our
country.
 FOURTH ARGUMENT

Governor-General Izquierdo
did not only banned the
construction and opening of
art and trade schools for
Filipinos but he also accused
that there was a political
movement going on in the
built school.
 The construction of the said school did not proceed because
according to Dr. Trinidad Tavera, the Spanish friars and the
Governor- General Izquierdo frightened, that Filipinos should have
wisdom and knowledge that they may also lose power so they take
action to prevent it. They used the revolt and informed the Madrid
government that they revolt because they want to conquer the
management of the Spanish in the country and achieve
independence from them whom the Spanish kingdom immediately
believed to do nothing investigation into the incident took place in
Cavite in 1872. Thus, The Cavite Mutiny paved way for the Spanish
authorities to frame the priests as the instigators
 FIFTH ARGUMENT

The truth behind the

masterminds of the 1872 "Cavite
Mutiny" was none other than
Maximo Inocencio, Crisanto de
los Reyes, and Enrique Paraiso.
 According to Piedad-Pugay (2012), “there is no data to prove that the three
martyred priests were the masterminds of the uprising at Fort San Felipe and
also according to a newly discovered study published by a Jesuit historian John
Schumacher. ” Based on a new discovery document written by Governor-General
Rafael de Izquierdo himself that "… that the real mastermind of the uprising was
not the three martyred priests who were hanged but the masons Maximo
Inocencio, Crisanto de los Reyes and Enrique Paraiso who was just exiled. " As
stated here “… On the extensive account sent by Governor Izquierdo to the
Overseas Minister, accepts his characterization of the revolt as a frustrated
separatist revolution, while rejecting his conclusions as to the instigators of the
revolt. Rather, it points to the real authors who escaped execution because of
their Masonic ties to Izquierdo… ”That's just one part of the document gathered
by Schumacher.
 CONCLUSION
So, we already presented you with evidence mainly in Tavera’s account
proving that the incident in Cavite was an insurgency aimed at reforming
or repealing Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo's policies against
workers and soldiers in the arsenal. And it was not an attempt to
overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines. Through gathering
facts about the incident in Cavite, we were able to get a better
understanding of our own minds, as well as your viewpoint on how and
why this incident erupted into an insurgency in Cavite. This evidence
further includes the fact that the attack was an insurrection.
The Spanish friars and Governor-General Izquierdo accused the three
priests Padre Gomez, Padre Burgos, and Padre Zamora, also known as
Gomburza, who were martyred and hanged (ginarrote) of being the
masterminds behind the revolt. Infact the masterminds behind the
revolt are Maximo Inocencio, Crisanto de los Reyes, and Enrique
Paraiso.

Tavera confirmed that the Madrid government came to believe that the
scheme was true without any attempt to investigate the real facts or
extent of the alleged “revolution” reported by Izquierdo and the friars.
 “Without 1872 Rizal would now be Jesuit,
and instead of writing the Noli Me Tangere,
would have written the contrary…"

~A letter of Dr. Jose Rizal to Mariano Ponce~

Primary sources
Pardo de Tavera, Dr. T. H. (1903), “Filipino Version of Cavite Mutiny of 1872”
Philippine News Agency (2012), “Gomburza, The three priest that were implicated in the Cavite
Mutiny of 1872” https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/
Piedad-Pugay, C. A. (2012), “The Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny” https://nhcp.gov.ph/the-
two-faces-of-the-1872-cavite-mutiny/
Chua, X. (February 2013) “Ang Paggarote Sa Tatlong Paring Gomburza”
https://xiaochua.net/tag/gomburza/

Secondary sources
Teodoro A. Agoncillo (June 1980), “Ang Pilipinas at ang mga Pilipino: Noon at Ngayon.”
Constantino, R. & Constantino, L. R. (1975), “The Philippines: A Past Revisited (Pre-Spanish 1941)”
Ditchella, M. J. (2014), “Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas: Pagtanaw at PagUnawa sa Nakaraan”
Philippine History Org. (2005), “The Secularization of Priests During Spanish Period”
https://www.philippine-history.org/secularization-ofpriests.htm
 FIRST SPEAKER:
MARIE ISABEL P. HEYROSA

SECOND SPEAKER:
ROLYN MAE HERMOSO

THIRD SPEAKER:
CHARY ANN PENAS