MINI RESEARCH

WAVE AND OPTICS

SHADOWING SHADOW BY TWO MIRRORS DATARY FORMING

A CERTAIN ANGLE

LECTURER: Prof.Drs.Motlan, M.Sc., Ph.D.

By:
M. Surya Irawan Lubis (41993121009)
Silvani Br. Tarigan (4193322001)

PHYSICS EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM 2019

STUDY PROGRAM (S1) PHYSICS EDUCATION

FACULTY MATHEMATICS AND NATURE SCIENCE
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2021
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTIO
N

1.1 Background

The mirror is part of an optical instrument, one of which is a flat mirror. A flat mirror
is a tool that is usually used to see self-reflection, because the image formed by a flat mirror
is virtual and the same as the object, unlike a convex mirror or a concave mirror which can
reduce or enlarge the image depending on the position of the object and the distance of the
focal point. . The process of forming an image on a flat mirror occurs due to the intersection
of the extension of the reflected light behind the mirror and the image that is formed is right
at the intersection of the reflected beam's extension. The image formed by the extension of
the reflected rays is called virtual image, where this image can be seen by the eye, but cannot
be captured by the screen. More specifically,

1. The image height is the same as the object's height (h '= h).
2. The distance between the image and the mirror is the same as the object distance from the mirror (d
'= d).
3. Shadows are rich.
4. The orientation of the image is facing upside down to the object.
5. The shadow stood upright, the same as the shape of the flag.

But what if there are two flat mirrors facing each other and form a certain angle, what
will happen? If an object is placed in front of a flat mirror, what happens is that the object
will have one image that is the same size, but if there are two flat mirrors that form a certain
angle then what happens is not only two images are formed, why can this happen? ? To find
out this, this tool was made to show how many shadows are formed and what if the angle
changes.
 As the name suggests, this mirror is flat, not curved. This mirror forms an image that
is virtual, upright and equal. The benefits of a flat mirror are usually used for everyday
mirrors, then as a component of the periscope.

1.2. Formulation of the problem

1. How is the relationship between the number of images produced and the angle formed by
two flat mirrors?

2. How is the image formed on a flat mirror?

3. What are some examples that can be applied to everyday life regarding the average
?

1.3. Destination

1. To explain the relationship between the number of images produced and the angle formed
by two flat mirrors.

2. This is to determine the formation of the image on the mirror.

3. To know examples of applying a flat mirror to everyday life.

1.4. Hypothesis

1. The bigger the angle that is formed, the more the number of shadows that are formed.

2. The smaller the corner that is formed, the less the number of shadows that are formed.

3. The image formation on a flat mirror includes virtual, upright and enlarged images.

4. The image formation on a flat mirror is real, inverted and minimized.

5. The image in the first mirror will be reflected back on the second mirror
 CHAPTER II
RESEARCH METHOD
2.1. Tools and materials
a. Arc
b. 2 mirrors
c. Objects as objects that will be seen in
2.2.Pros Procedure of Work
1. Press the on button to turn on the tool.
2. Adjust the angle position between two flat mirrors with the help of a microcontroller and
choose an angle of 30o
3. After the corner is formed, place the object in front of the mirror with a distance of 10 cm
in front of the mirror.
4. Observe the image formed and count how many shadows are formed by the two mirrors.
5. Record the observations into the table.
6. Repeat steps 2 to 5 but with different angles which are 600,900
, 1200,1500,1800
2.3.DATA ANALYSIS
No. Clamp angle (θ) Number of shadows
(n)
1 180 1
0
2 150 2
0
3 120 2
0
4 900 3

5 750 4

6 600 5

7 300 12

8 Parallel Infinity
1. The number of images formed when 𝜃 = 2. The number of images formed when 𝜃 = 750
1800 3600
3600 𝑛= -1
750
𝑛= -1
1800
𝑛 = 4,8 - 1
𝑛=2-1
𝑛 = 3.8 𝑑𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑑𝑖 4
𝑛=1

3. The number of images formed when 𝜃 = 4. The number of images formed when 𝜃 =
1500 600
3600 3600
𝑛= -1 𝑛= -1
1500 600

𝑛 = 2,4 - 1 𝑛=6-1

𝑛 = 1,4 𝑑𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑑𝑖 2 𝑛=5

5. The number of images formed when 𝜃 = 6. The number of images formed when 𝜃 =
1200 900
3600 3600
𝑛= -1 𝑛= -1
1200 900

𝑛=3-1 𝑛=4-1

𝑛=2 𝑛=3

7. The number of images formed when 𝜃 = 8. Facing each other = infinity

300
3600
𝑛= -1
300

𝑛 = 12 - 1

𝑛 = 11
 CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Observation Results Table
The observed data are written in the following table:

No. Clamp angle (θ) Number of shadows

(n)
1 180 1
0
2 150 2
0
3 120 2
0
4 900 3

5 750 4

6 600 5

7 300 12

8 Parallel Infinity

1. The number of shadows that are formed 2. The number of images formed when 𝜃 = 750
when 3600
𝜃 = 1800 𝑛 = -1
750
3600
𝑛= -1
1800 𝑛 = 4,8 - 1

𝑛=2-1 𝑛 = 3.8 𝑑𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑑𝑖 4

𝑛=1
3. The number of images formed when 𝜃 = 4. The number of images formed when 𝜃 =
1500 600
3600 3600
𝑛= -1 𝑛= -1
1500 600

𝑛 = 2,4 - 1 𝑛=6-1

𝑛 = 1,4 𝑑𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑑𝑖 2 𝑛=5

 5. The number of images formed when 𝜃 = 6. The number of images formed when 𝜃 =
1200 900
3600 3600
𝑛= -1 𝑛= -1
1200 900

𝑛=3-1 𝑛=4-1

𝑛=2 𝑛=3

7. The number of images formed when 𝜃 = 8. Facing each other = infinity

300
3600
𝑛= -1
300

𝑛 = 12 - 1

𝑛 = 11

After all the data is obtained, make a relationship by means of a graph between the
angle and the number of shadows formed.

30 60 75 90 120 150 180 Ɵ

The graph that is formed will produce a linear line but the smaller it is, because the
bigger the angle that is formed, the resulting image will be smaller.
 After proving through experiments, the next step is proving manually, namely proving
by formula, whether the experiment that has been carried out is in accordance with the
theory. Formula-based proof can be done through the following calculations.
360
n= -1
𝜃

Where:

n = number of images

θ = angle of the wedge formed by two flat mirrors

More specifically, the image formed by a flat mirror is as follows.

1. The image height is the same as the object's height (h '= h).
2. The distance between the image and the mirror is the same as the object distance from the mirror (d
'= d).
3. Shadows are rich.
4. The orientation of the image is facing upside down to the object.
5. The shadow stood upright, the same as the shape of the flag.

To get the entire image of an object on a flat mirror, we must use a mirror that is at
least ½ the height of the object.

L 1 h
2

L = minimum length of mirror

(m) h = height of object (m)

So that the image can be seen as a whole, the mirror must be placed from the floor as high;

H 1 (h x)
2

H = height of the mirror tip from the bottom of

the mirror h = height of the person or object (m)

x = distance of the eye to the tip of the head (m)

 If two flat mirrors are placed to form an angle α, then the number of images formed
by two flat mirrors of an object is:

Where :

n = number of images

α = the angle of the two mirrors

 Shadow formation process:

1. The object in front of the mirror.

2. The law of reflection applies.
3. The first incident ray (blue light) passes through the end of the object and hits the
reflection reflected by the mirror, the reflected beam is extended dashed (blue).
4. The second incident ray (red) through the end of the object and hits the mirror, will be
reflected by the mirror, the reflected light will be extended dashed (red).
5. The intersection of the extension of the first and second reflected rays (light blue and
dashed red) intersect, and it is the end of the object.
6. The third ray (yellow) through the base of the object and hitting the mirror will be
reflected by the mirror, the reflected light is extended dashed (yellow), which is the
image of the base of the object.
7. The image of the object is formed by the mirror.

Angle 1800 Angle 1500

Angle of 1200 Angle 900

Angle 750 Angle 600

Angle 300 Face to face

 CHAPTER

IV

4.1. CONCLUSION CONCLUSION

1. Light can be reflected through a flat mirror. Reflection on a flat mirror is regular
reflection because the angle of incidence (i) is equal to the angle of reflection (r).
2. Forming an image on 2 flat mirrors placed in such a way as to form a certain angle and
placing an object between the two mirrors, the image formed by one mirror is an object
for the other mirror.
3. The number of images is inversely proportional to the angle formed by the mirror, when
the angle formed by the mirror is large, the number of images will be less.
4. When the mirrors are placed facing each other, an infinite number of shadows will be formed

4.2.SUGGESTION
In this experiment, a good tool is one that can stand up without being distracted by
outside conditions and has just the right angle accuracy.
A good tool in this experiment is a microcontroller which has an accurate angle and does
not waver when subjected to interference.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Tipler, PA1996 "Physics for Science and Engineering Third Edition". Jakarta: Erlangga publisher

David Halliday and Robert Resnick. Translation of Pantur Silaban and Erwin Sucipto, 1978.
"Physics. Volume 2. Third Edition ”. Jakarta. Erlangga.

Dana Santika, 2014. "Guide to making simple physical tools". Jakarta. Dikti.

http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/20194/4/Chapter%20II.pdfRetrieved March
30, 2017