Title Card

Lesson 12 : Mirror Images are Laterally Inverted

Guide Card
Introduction

Hello there!
I am Teacher Mary, I know that you
love to see your face/image at the
mirror.

So today we are going to describe

images formed in plane mirror.
Write all your answers and
observations on your activity
notebook.

Learning Competency
 Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and magnification) of images formed by
Plane Mirror.(S10FE-11g-50)

Pre-Test: What I Know

Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on your activity sheet.
1. What is the distance of your image from the mirror if you stand 1.5m in front of a plane mirror?
a. 1.5 m b. 2.0 m c. 3.0 m d. 4.5 m
2. Mark stands 2-m tall in front of a plane mirror. What is the height of his
image? a. 4.5 m b. 3.0 m c. 2.0 m d. 1.5 m
3. What is the nature of the image formed by a plane mirror?
a. real, upright, same c. real, inverted, smaller
b. virtual, upright, same d. virtual, upright, smaller
4. How is the word AMBULANCE written in an ambulance car?
a. AMBULAENC c. ECNALUBMA
b. AMBULANCE d. ECNALAMBU
5 . Which of the following best describe the Law of Reflection?
a. The reflected light rays diffuse on even surfaces
b. The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of reflection
c. The reflected light bounces
d. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

Review
Direction: Study Figure A and B, fill out the table that corresponds to the description of the given figure
using letter A and B.. Write your answer on your notebook.

A B
1
 Description Figure
1. smooth surface
2. diffuse reflection
3. rough surface
4. specular/regular reflection
5. mirror

Activity Card
Activity 1: Angle vs Angle
Objectives:
 Compare the angle reflection and the angle of incidence.
 State the laws of reflection.

Materials: laser pointer, plane mirror, modeling clay, pencil, ruler, paper protractor ( see attachment
A).

**Note: Write answer on your activity sheet.

Procedure:
1. Let the mirror stand vertically along the edge of the paper protractor as shown in Figure 1. Use
the clay to support the plane mirror.

Warning: Avoid pointing the laser to someone’s eye

Figure 1. A Plane mirror on a paper protractor

2. Position the laser beam such that it hits the mirror at an angle of 100 with the normal line. Measure
the angle between the reflected ray and the normal line. Record your measurement in a table similar to
Table 1.
3. Make three trials and get the average.
4. Repeat steps 2 to 4 for angles 200, 30, 400, and 500. Enter all your measurements in Table 3.
Table 1. Angles of Incidence and Reflection
Angle of Incidence Angle of Reflection
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
0
10
200
300
400
500

Q1. How does the angle of incidence compare with the angle of reflection?
Note: * If materials are not available open the link below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETF2-Zz3J18
Activity 2: Mirror Mirror on the Wall
Objective: Describe the images formed by plane mirror.
Materials: Plane Mirror
**Note: Write answer on your activity sheet.
Procedure:
1. Stand in front of a plane mirror.

2. What do you see? Describe the size of your image compared to your actual size.

3. Move towards the mirror. What do you observe? How far away from the mirror is your
image compared to your distance from the mirror?

4. Move away from the mirror. What do you observe?

5. Close (wink with) your left eye. Which eye seems to be winking back at you?

6. Hold up your right hand. Which hand is being held up in the mirror?

7. Describe the nature of the image formed by a plane mirror?

Activity 3: Who Wants to be a Millionaire

Objectives: Identify the relationship between the number of images formed and the angle between the
two mirrors.

Materials: Two plane mirrors (same size)

**Note: Write answer on your activity sheet.

Procedure:

1. Tape two plane mirrors together at the back, so that the tape acts like a hinge, and stand them
upright. Put a small object (e.g. upright pencil, lighted candle…) between the mirrors.
a. What do you see?
b. What happens when you increase the angle between the mirrors?
c. What happens when you decrease the angle between the mirrors?
d. When do you see the greatest number of images formed?”

2. Put 2 plane mirrors standing up parallel to, and facing, each other and put a small object
between them. What do you observe?

Note: If internet is available open this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6maFbmPCnzY

Discussion of the Lesson/Activity
In activity 1
The Laws of Reflection
The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal line
are all in the same plane.

Terms to remember:
1. Incident ray –→ ray coming from the source
2. Reflected ray –→ ray coming from the reflecting surface/mirror
3. Normal line –→ a line perpendicular to the reflecting surface
4. Angle of incidence I –→ Angle between the incident ray and normal line
5. Angle of reflection r –→ Angle between the reflected ray and normal line.

In Activity 2 you observed that the size of the object is equal to the size of
the image. Likewise, the distance of the object is equal to the distance of the
image. Image is always upright and found behind the mirror and cannot be
projected on the screen. When right hand is raised, left hand appears as the
right hand. The image is laterally inverted or it is reversed.
(Reflections are always the ‘wrong’ way around)

Real Image-image than can Virtual Image- image that can be

be projected on the screen seen behind the mirror

In Activity 3, Multiple images are formed when two plane mirrors are arranged at a certain angle.

The number of images N, can be determined using the formula:

N= –1

where: N = number of images

= angle between two mirrors

Parallel mirrors on the other hand produce

infinite number of images.
 Enrichment Card
Directions: Answer the questions below.
1. You might have noticed that emergency vehicles such as
ambulances are often labeled on the front hood with reversed lettering
(e.g., ECNALUBMA).

Explain why this is so.

If Peter, who is 1.5 m tall, stands 3ft away in Peter mirror Peter’s image
front of a plane mirror.

How far from the person will his image be

located?

What is the height of his image?

What will happen to the size of the image if

he walks 1m towards the mirror?
3. Which of the following shows the greatest number of images? /least number of images? Why?

A B C D

Reflection Card
Three ( 3 ) things I learned from the lesson

Two interesting facts

One (1) question I still have

 Assessment Card
Multiple Choices: Write the best answer on your activity notebook.

1. When you stand 2m in front of a full-length mirror, your image is

a. Virtual and 1m behind the mirror
b. Virtual and 2m behind the mirror
c. Virtual and 4m behind the mirror
d. Real and 2m behind the mirror

2. A 4 cm object is placed 2 m in front of a plane mirror. How high will the image be?
a. 8 cm b. 6 cm c. 4 cm d. 2 cm

3. How should the mirrors be arranged such that 11 images will be formed or seen?
a. 200 b. 300 c. 360 d. 450

4. Two plane mirrors are attached to form a dual mirror system with an adjustable angle. As the
angle between the mirrors increases, the number of images .
a. decreases c. remains the same
b. increases d. both a and b
5. When two mirrors are placed parallel to each other
a. Only 3 images are formed
b. Only 8 images are formed
c. Infinite number of images are formed
d. No image is formed
6. Which among the following illustrations specifies the correct mirror image of O B S T I N A T E ?

a. c.
b. d.
7. An object is placed in front of two plane mirrors arranged 900. Three images were formed, what do
you think will the middle image look like?
a. Its size is the same size as that of the object.
b. It will exhibit left-right reversal relative to the object.
c. The middle image is a real image.
d. The magnification of the middle image is -1.

8. A boy stands at the side of a girl in front of a large plane mirror. They are both the same distance
from the mirror, as shown in the diagram.
Where does the boy see the girl’s image?

9. Below is a diagram that shows a plane mirror MN. A ray of light is reflected by the mirror. Choose
the statement that is completely correct about the diagram.

R O
L

Y
 a. LP is the reflected ray, Y is the angle of reflection and X is the angle of incidence.
b. LP is the incident ray, PR is the reflected ray and X is the angle of reflection.
c. PR is the incident ray, X=Y and LP are the reflected ray.
d. LP is the incident ray, X is the angle of incidence and Y is the angle of reflection.

10. The diagram shows a single ray of light being directed at a plane mirror. What are the angles
of incidence and reflection?
Angle of incidence Angle of reflection
A 400 400
B 400 500
C 500 400
D 500 600

Answer Card
 Title Card
Lesson 13: Concave Mirror

Guide Card
Introduction
Hello there! How will you compare
Have you tried to see your image using a your images from the
spoon? two sides of the spoon?
Let us try it. Get ready with your shiny
spoon.

Let us describe the images formed by acurved mirror.

Write all your answers and
observations on your
Activity sheet.
“ENJOY YOUR LEARNING JOURNEY”

Learning Competency
 Predict the qualitative characteristics (location, orientation, type, and magnification) of
images formed by curved mirrors. (S10FE-11g-50)

Pre-Test: What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. When the image of an object is seen in a convex mirror the image will .
a. always be real. c. may be either real or virtual.
b. always be virtual. d. will always be magnified
2. Teacher Mary presented her lesson using a projector, how big is the image and what kind of image
is formed?
a. same size, virtual c. smaller than object, virtual
b. bigger than the object, real d. smaller than the object, real
3. What type of mirror do dentists typically use to see clearly the images of our teeth?
a. Plane mirror c. Concave mirror
b. Convex mirror d. None of the above
4. What is the nature of the image formed by convex mirror when the object is located very near it?
a. virtual, upright and enlarged c. virtual, upright and reduced
b. real, inverted and reduced d. real, inverted and enlarged
5. When the image formed is always smaller than the object, then the mirror is a
a. convex mirror c. concave mirror
b. silver mirror d. plane mirror
 Review:
Please help me describe my image in front of plane mirror in
terms of the following

Fig. 1
size Type of position distance
image

Fig. 2.

Fig 3.

Activity Card
Activity 1: Magic Spoon
Objective:
 Describe the images formed by a concave/convex mirror.

Materials: Concave mirror/ inner surface of shiny spoon

Convex mirror/outer surface of shiny spoon
Procedure:
1. Hold a concave mirror /convex mirror or a very shiny spoon (inner surface) (outer surface)
at arm length from your finger. Slowly move it towards your finger. Take note of the sizes
and positions of the images that you see.

2. Observe the image of your finger when the mirror is very near (about 1cm from your
finger). Describe the image that you see.

3. Slowly move the spoon farther, up to the point where you do not see any image of your finger
anymore. The distance where you last saw its image can be described as not so near. The points
in- between these, where images can be formed, can be regarded as the near position of the
image.

4. Find out if there is any other position where you will not see any image of your finger.

5. Copy table 1 on your answer sheet. Fill it in based on your observations.

 Use the descriptions listed below when the object is very near, near and not so near. Check whether
the image is erect (upright) or inverted (upside down)
a. bigger than your finger
b. smaller than your finger
c. same size as your finger

Note: Repeat the activity using convex mirror

Table 1. Description of Image of Finger in Concave Mirror/Convex Mirror

Finger Size Position No image
Position formed
Erect/
same smaller bigger upright inverted

concave convex concave convex concave convex concave convex concave convex concave convex

Very
near
Near
Not so
near

Question:
1. In a concave mirror/convex mirror, at what distance (very near, near, not so near) do you see the
following?

CONCAVE CONVEX
a. small image
b. upside down image
bigger image and erect
upside down image
e. no image at all

2. How would you describe the images formed in a convex mirror?

Activity 2: For Real

Objective:
 Locate and identify the type of image formed.

Materials: Concave mirror/ inner surface of a shiny spoon
Convex mirror/outer surface of a shiny spoon a small lighted candle, cardboard (8cm x
10cm)
Procedure:
1. Place a lighted candle on the table.
2. Let someone hold concave mirror/convex mirror a few centimeters from the candle
3. Hold a cardboard screen (clean sheet of paper) in front of the mirror, and slowly move it away.
4. Find the image of the candle on the screen placed at different
positions in front of the mirror.
5. Place the cardboard screen at the back of the mirror. Move
it farther from the mirror. Can an image be seen on the cardboard
screen? Yes or No? Identify and describe the image.
6. Move the mirror very near the screen.

NOTE: Repeat the activity using the convex mirror.

7. What do you call images that could be seen on the screen?

8. Describe the image formed by the convex mirror.

9. Was there any image formed on the screen? Why?

Activity 3: My Parts are …
Objective: Identify and understand the parts of concave and convex mirror.
Materials: pencil and ruler
Procedures:
1. Copy diagram 1 on your activity sheet.

2. From the diagram label the parts of concave mirror and convex mirror (use the symbol of
the terms). Refer to table below.

Note: The main reference line called the Principal Axis is drawn horizontally. Along this line, we
measure all the distances we need.

Terms Symbol Description

Center of Curvature C This corresponds to the center of the sphere
related to the mirror.
Vertex/Pole V/P Center of the mirror
Focus or Focal Point F The point between the center of curvature and
vertex.
Radius of curvature R It is the distance between the center of
curvature and the vertex
Focal length f The distance between the focus and the
vertex. It is equal to one-half of the radius. f =
R

Activity 1: Discussion of the Lesson

You observed that at different positions of your finger/object the image produced will be different. If the
object was placed very near the mirror, the image is virtual, erect
and upright. If it is near the mirror, the image is sometimes
smaller or bigger than the object, real and always inverted, but
sometimes no image at all. If the object is not so near, the image is
always smaller and inverted.
This is the reason why the dentist mirrors shaving mirrors and
make-up mirrors are concave, they are used to enlarge images
when placed very near the object.
Concave mirror is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface
bulges away from the light source. It is called converging mirror
because the parallel incidents rays converge or intersect at a focal
point after reflection.

You observed that at any position or location of the object in

front of convex mirror the image produced was always
smaller, erect and virtual. This is the reason why the side
mirrors of vehicles are convex, to get a wider field of view at
their back. In grocery stores and other establishments they
also used convex mirror as security mirror.

Activity 2: Discussion of the Lesson

You observed that when you
placed the concave mirror
very near the lighted candle,
no image is formed at the
screen. The image can be
seen behind the mirror, it is called VIRTUAL Image.
If the mirror was placed farther away from the lighted candle the
image is REAL.
It can be found at the screen.
Concave mirrors can produce real and virtual image.

Activity 3: Discussion of the Lesson

Headlights of a car, flashlights and torches are

concave because they produced parallel beam of
light that can be directed down (low beam) or
straight ahead (high beam).

You observed that when we placed the object at

different distances or location we cannot see any images at the
screen, because the image appeared behind the mirror. The image
in convex is always virtual, it appears behind the mirror, cannot be
projected on the screen. At different location of the object, the image is
always smaller and virtual.

Convex Mirror is a curved mirror where its reflective surface points

towards the light source. It is called diverging mirror because the parallel incident rays
diverge after reflection. When extending the reflected rays behind the mirror,
the rays converge at the focus behind the mirror.
Very similar to concave mirror, it is also very important to know and understand the parts of convex
mirror. Since concave and convex are the two types of curved mirrors, they have the same parts. These
terms will help you locate and describe the images formed in both convex and concave mirrors.

Enrichment Card
1. What type of curved mirror is used in Figure A and B? Figure
A: Figure B:

A B

2. Why is convex mirror used in cars’ side mirrors?

3. What type of curved mirror is used in supermarkets and malls for security?

C D

Reflection Card
Three ( 3 ) things I learned from the lesson

Two interesting facts

One (1) question I still have

 Assessment Card
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct. Write your answers on your activity sheet.
1.Which of the following is an application of convex mirror?
a. car lights c. side mirrors
b. flashlights d. torches
2.When the image of an object is seen in a convex mirror the image is
a. always real. c. always magnified
b. always virtual d. either real or virtual
3. Mary visited her dentist two days ago, the dentist used his mirror to see the decayed tooth, what
do you think will the image be formed on the mirror?
a. bigger and erect c. smaller and erect
b. bigger and inverted d. smaller and inverter
4. An object was placed very near the converging mirror, describe the image formed.
a. bigger, erect & virtual c. smaller, real & erect
b. bigger, real & erect d. smaller, virtual & inverted
5. In a concave mirror at what distance do you see a smaller and upside down image?
a. far b. near c. not so near d. very near
6. What kind of mirror is used as a search-light reflector?
a. concave mirror c. plane mirror
b. convex mirror d. none of the above
7. A convex mirror is placed at the corner of a Department Store, what do you think its function?
a. for aesthetic value c. for security purposes
b. for customers to see themselves d. for wider field vision
8. What happens when parallel light rays strike the reflecting surface of a concave mirror?
a. They meet at the focus
b. They meet at the vertex
c. They spread outward
d. They strike the principal axis
9. Which best describes a real image?
a. can be projected on the screen c. smaller than the object
b. cannot be projected on the screen d. upright
10. An object was placed very near the diverging mirror, describe its image.,
a. bigger, erect & erect c. smaller, virtual & erect
b. bigger, real & virtual d. smaller, virtual & inverted