I

NTRODUCTI
ON
Medici
nalplant
scanbedefinedast heplantsthatpossesstherapeut
ic
proper
ti
esorexertbenef
ici
alpharmacologicaleffectonthehumanor
animalbody
.(Fr
om:Natur
alProduct
sandDr ugDi scover
y,2018)
Indi
ai smarkedf oritsri
chbiodiv
ersi
tyduet ovari
edcli
mat i
cconditi
ons
andoneoft hecount ri
esof12megabi odi
versi
tycentr
ewhi chincl
udes
around45000pl antspeciesinwhichapprox.15000arefloweri
ngplants.
Outoft heri
chpl antdiver
sitymanyoft hem aresigni
fi
cantlyusedf or
vari
edpur posebyt hehumanbei ngs.Somepl antsalsoshowi ngtheir
effi
ciencytotreatcer t
aindisor
dersthesearer ef
err
edt oasMedi cinal
andAr omaticplants(MAPs).
Medici
nalpl antswhi chconst i
tuteasegmentoft hef lor
apr ovi
der aw
materi
alforusei nal lt heindigenoussystemsofmedi ci
nei nI ndia
namelyAy urveda,Unani,SiddhaandTi bet
anMedicine.Accor dingtot he
WorldHeal t
hOr ganizati
on( WHO) ,80% ofthepopulati
oni ndev eloping
countr
iesreli
esont radi
tionalmedi ci
ne,mostl
yint
hef orm ofplantdrugs
fort
heirhealthcareneeds.Addi ti
onally
,modernmedicinescont ainplant
deri
vati
vestot heextentofabout25%.
Appr
oximat el
y80%oft hepeopl
eintheworld’
sdevel
opingcountr
iesrel
y
ontradit
ionalmedici
neforthei
rprimaryheal
thcare,andabout85% of
tr
adi
tionalmedi ci
ne i
nvol
ves the use ofplantextr
acts(Viei
ra and
Skor
upa, 1993).
I
ndiahas2.4%ofwor l
d’sareawith8%ofglobalbi
othdi
ver
sit
yandi
tis
oneofthe12megadi v
er si
tyhot
spotcount
ri
esoftheworl
dwi t
har
ich
di
versi
tyofbi
oti
cresources.
Theuseofpl ant
sasmedi cineisasoldashumanci vil
izati
onitsel
f.I
ndia
i
shomet oabout15000t o18000off l
ower
ingpl antsofwhi chabout
8000pl antspeciesarer ecognizedasmedicinalplantsandar ebeing
usedbyv ar
ioustradi
ti
onalsystemsofmedicine.Thegl obaldemandf or
medicineandar omat i
cplantsisgr owi
ngatt herateof7% perannum
(Rao,et.al1999).

2
Onlyabout10%oft heknownmedi ci
nalplant
sofI ndiaar erest ri
ctedto
nonforesthabi tat
s( Wakdikar
,2004).Concerning thet otalnumberof
fl
oweringpl antspecies,alt
houghonl
y18,665,thei
ntraspecifi
cv ari
abil
it
y
foundi nthem makesi toneofthehighestint hewor ld.Outof18, 665
plant
s,t hecl assi
csy stemsofmedi ci
nesl i
keAy ur veda,Si ddha,and
Unanimakeuseofonl yabout3000 pl ant
si nv ari
ousf ormul ati
ons
(Schi
ppmannetal .,2006).
Drugdiscover
yfr
om MedicinalandAr omati
cplant
s( MAPs)continuesto
make av ai
l
able an i
mpor t
antsour ce ofnew dr ug l
eads,abundant
chall
engesareencounter
edi nprocurementplantmateri
als,separati
on
ofactivecompounds,selecti
onandf unct
ioni
ngofsuitablescr eeni
ng
techni
ques
Medi ci
nalplayasignifi
cantroleint heli
feofpeopl eandarepr esentin
i
nnumer ableforms.These pl ant s ar
e used as r aw mat erial
sf or
medi ci
nes,cosmet i
cs,per f
umer y,insect
icides and int he v ari
ous
i
ndust r
ies.Anumberofmedi ci
nalplantsal
sopr oduceessentialoilsas
wellasbei ngusedf orperfumery.Daybydayduet oexcesspopul ati
on
pressureonecosy stem thesear ecomingnearofendanger ment ,which
urgentl
yr equi
res for conservati
on.Conser vati
on notonl y pr ovi
de
protect
ion oft he speci
esbutal so importantforgivi
ng chancest o
regeneratethei
rownspeci esast hei
rparent
al ones.

3
 REVI
EW OFLI
TERATURE

Medi ci
nalandAr omati
cpl antsar emaj orsour cesofpl ant-baseddr ugs
whichar ebeingpopul ari
zedi nr ecentpastowi ngt ot heirlong-ter m
benef i
tswi t
houtcausi ngsi deef fects.Gr owingconsci ousnessabout
healthandsi deef f
ect
sofmoder nmedi cineshasagai nsett hest agef or
i
nnov ationanduseofher balmedi ci
nes.Thegl obalmar ketf orher bal
product sisconti
nuouslyexpandi ngandi tisexpect edot oucht hemar k
ofUS$5Tr il
li
onbyt hey ear2050f rom US$62bi ll
ionin2004( Purohi t
andVy as,2004).Indi
ahasoneoft herichestsour cesofmanyki ndsof
medi ci
nalandar omaticplantsbuti thasachi evedonl yal imitedsuccess
i
nt apping the potenti
als oft hese pl ants because ofl ow l evelof
awar enessamongt hefarmer saboutt heeconomi cpot entialandr eturns
(purohit,2004,Singhetal ,2007,Si ngh,2008,Si ngh,2009)f r
om t hese
plants.
Theemer gi
ngf ieldofher balproductsi
ndust ryholdsagr eatpot entialt
o
theeconomi cdev elopmentoft heIndi
anregi onusageofmedi cinaland
aromat icpl antsasasour ceoff ood,medi cine,fragrance,f l
av or,dyes,
andot heritemsi nI ndiansy st
emsofmedi cineisi ni ncreasingt rend.
95% ofmedi ci
nalpl antsareusedi nIndianher bali ndust r
yt odayar e
coll
ect edf r
om wi ld.Todayal ar
genumberofspeci esar eont hev ergeof
extinctionduet ounsci entif
icmanagementpr act
ices,ov erexpl oitati
on,
dest r
uct i
ve har vesting,poorseed set ,low seed v iabil
ity,pestand
diseasei nci denceet c.
,thereisaneedf ort heirconser vationt hrough
cultiv
at i
onf orwhi chst andardi
zati
onpr opagat i
onmet hodol ogiesi sof
prime i mpor t
ance.Mul ti
pli
cation ofthese speci es clonallyt hrough
4
cutti
ngscanmaket heircult
ivati
oneconomicbypr ovi
dingt r
ue-t
o-type
plant
st hatareknownt ohav eopt i
mum levelsofactiveingredi
ent s.
Rootingofstem cutt
ingsisacr uci
alstepi
nplantpr
opagat i
onandt here
i
sagr eatv
ariabi
l
ityi
nt herooti
ngabili
tyofdi
ffer
entspecies(Wamanet
al
.,2019).
Ex-sit
u conservati
on and cul t
ivati
on ofselected r
ed li
sted pl
antsof
Deccaneco- r
egionwasdev elopedin2000att heuniver
sit
yofHy der
abad
andar ebeingmai nt
ainedi nthefiel
dgenebankandseedbank, aspecial
feature of the medi cinalf l
orai nt he Deccan eco-regi
on i sthe
preponderanceofpl antsthatprov i
der
awmat eri
alf
oraddressi
ngawi de
rangeofmedi ci
naldisordersandphar maceuticalr
equir
ements( Pr
asad
etal.,
2007).
Laxman (2016),reported on t hr
ee basic scienti
fi
ct echni
ques of
conserv
ati
onofgenet icdiversi
tyofmedicinalandar omat i
cplantsare
l
egisl
aton,i
i n-
sit
uconser v
ationandex-sit
uconser vat
ions.Conservat
ion
notonlyprovi
deprotecti
onoft hespeciesbutalsoi mportantforgiv
ing
chancestoregener
atetheirownspeciesast hei
rparentalones.
Abhayetal
.,(
2010),studi
edondi ver
sit
yanddist
ri
but
ionofar
omat
ic
pl
antsi
nfor
estofGorakhpurdi
vi
sionUP,Indi
a.
Her balgardensar et hecenterofex- si
tuconservat
ionofmedi ci
naland
aromat ic pl
antsf rom v ari
ed sources to protectand maintai
nt heir
existencei nthenat ureforfuturegeneration(D.K Patel
,2015).Pat el
(2014a) ,st
udiedondi v
ersi
tyof45ar omat i
cplantsfoundinChhatt
isgarh
andt heirpropagat i
onf orfurherex-
t situconservat
ioninherbalgarden.
61speci esofher baceousmedi ci
nalandar omaticplant
swerecollected
andpr opagatedt hrought heirvari
edpar tslikeseeds,stem cutti
ngs,
rhi
zomes, bul
b,corm, uberet
t c.,
(Patel2014b).
Conser vat
ionalst udy on medi cinalpl ant
s wer e carr
ied outby t he
researcherslikeAdhikarietal.,(
2007) ,Ansari(1993),Deshmukh( 2010),
KasaganaandKar umuri(2011) ,Kayombo etal .
,(2013),Raina etal .
,
(2011),Raj kumaretal .
,( 2011),FRLHT ( 2006).Her balmedi ci
ne f or
mar ketpotentiali
nIndia;andov ervi
ewr ecordedbyShar maetal .
,(2008).
I
ndigenousknowl edgeofmedi cinalplantsmar kedbyGeet ha( 2010).
Mazi detal.,(2012)focusedonmedi cinalplantsofr ur
alIndia;ar ev
iew
ofuse by I ndian fol
ks.Rai na and Gupt a( 1999)exper iment ed on

5
i
ncreasingseedy i
eldi
nginGlor
yLil
ly(GloriosasupervaL.).studyrelat
ed
to herbalgarden devel
opmentand use was assessed byHey wood
(1983), Rao and Das ( 2011)
, St ir
ton ( 1998), Thacker (1979) .
Plant
/ f
lori
sti
cdiver
sit
ymadebySet shogoandMber eki(2011),Uy sal
(2010).ShankarandRawat(2013)recordedconser v
ationandcul t
ivati
on
ofthreatenedandhighval
uedmedicinalplantsinnortheastIndia.
Medicinalplant sdiv ersityandv eget ationanalysi
sloggedov erhi l
lforest
was assessed by Nor hajaretal .,( 2010).Ethno-botanicalst udy of
medicinalpl antswasobser ved bygi r
eesh etal.,(2003)and et hno-
medicalinvest igationofmedi cinalpl antsusedbyt ri
beswasmadeby
padaletal .
,( 2013) .Her balplantsal sousedasasour ceofcosmet ics
recordedbyGedi y
aetal .,(2011).Conser v
ati
onofmedi cinalplants(past,
presentand f uturet rends)wasnot iced byKasagana and Kar umur i
(2011).Medi cinalpl ant s conser vation and culti
vati
on by t radi
tional
medicineprepar ati
oni nNi geri
astudi edbyOl adeleetal.,(2011).Hassan
etal .
,focused on ex -
situ managementst udy ofsome hi gh v alue
medicinalplantspeci esSwat ,Pakistan.Deshmukhi n2010st udiedonex
-si
tu conserv ation st udies on et hno-medi cinal
,rare,endemi c plant
speciesfrom west ernGhat sofMahar ashtr
a.
Ashi
shandJnanesha(2017)repor
tedthepotenti
alspeci
esofar
omat i
c
pl
ant
sforcul
ti
vat
ioninsemi-
aridtr
opi
cal(sat
)regi
onsofDeccanregi
on.

6
document
ed.
Aroundwor ldt heuseofmedi cinalandar omat i
cpl antsincr
easingi na
l
argeramountbecauseoft heirmedi ci
nal propertiesusedi ncuring
di
fferentail
ment s.So, pr
eservati
onoft heIndigenousknowl edgeof
pl
antsusedi ntr aditi
onalheal
thisv eryimpor tant.Wehav emetwi th
manyl ocalinhabi tantsofourstudyar eaandgat her edknowl edgeabout
di
fferentMedi cinal andaromat i
cPlant s.Thei nformat i
onpar ti
cularl
y
i
ncludest helif
ecy clesofdiff
erentplant s,medi cinalproperti
esf rom
di
fferentpartsofpl antsandt hei
rseasonal behav iour.I
nourst udywe
havedocument edi nfor
mationonpl antpar tsusedf orvari
ousmedi ci
nal
purposes.Fori nst ance,Abuti
lonindicaf or,
..

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