8

SCIENCE
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Determining the Number of Protons,
Neutrons, and Electrons of an Atom
Quarter 3 - Weeks 5 & 6

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Science – Grade 8
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Determining the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons of an atom.
Quarter 3 - Week 5 & 6

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Guided Learning Activity Kit Development Team

Writer: Jerick M. Serial
Editors/Reviewers: Yves Clark C. Fabrigas
Zaira Fe Encinares
Aifer Damayan Tongson
Diocylyn T. Divino
Jocelyn B. Reyes
Minehaha l. Tandoc
Gener B. Dela Cruz
Graphic Artist: Jerick M. Serial
Management Team: Leonardo D. Zapanta EdD, CESO V
Michelle Ablian-Mejica EdD
Manolito B. Basilio EdD
Evelyn D. Tarrayo EdD
Garry M. Achacoso
Rachelle C. Diviva

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Region III
Schools Division of Zambales
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
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Website: www.depedzambales.ph
 Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons in a Particular Atom

Introduction

Scientists have proven that the atom is composed of even smaller particles.
From experiments conducted in the end part of the 19th century to the early half of
the 20th century, scientists collected evidence that atoms are composed of three
types of particles, namely, (1) protons, (2) electrons and (3) neutrons. These
components of the atom are collectively stated to as subatomic particles.
In recent years, scientists have learned that protons and neutrons consist of
even smaller particles. Working in a laboratory that aims to uncover the smallest
bits of matter that make up all that we see around us must be truly exciting!
In this Guided Learning Activity Kit (GLAK), you will learn on how to
determine the number of proton, neutron and electrons in a particular atom. Who
knows, you might join this group of scientists and make more discoveries about
the atom. Inspiring and challenging, perhaps? To get you started, prepare yourself
to turn the atoms inside out!

Learning Competency

Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a particular

atom. (S8MT-IIe-f-10)

Objectives

At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:

1. locate/identify the atomic number and atomic mass of elements in the
periodic table;
2. differentiate the three sub-atomic particles of an atom (proton, neutron,
electron); and
3. compute for the number of proton, neutron, and electron.

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 Review

In your Grade-7 Science, your teacher had tackled the topic about matter,
which is defined as anything that occupies space and has a property of mass. It is
present in two forms namely: substances and mixtures. Substance is matter
which has exact composition and specific properties. Every pure element is a
substance. Every pure compound is a substance, while a mixture contains two or
more substances that are not chemically combined. A substance is homogeneous
if its composition is same wherever you sample it - it has uniform composition and
properties throughout. Homogeneous is Latin for the same kind. If a substance is
not homogeneous, it is said to be heterogeneous, or the phases that can be seen
are two.

FLOW CHART

Direction: Illustrate the relationship between the main idea (MATTER), its
properties and composition by writing the word from the box below to complete the
flow chart. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Atom Mixture Pure substance Heterogeneous

Homogenous Element Compound

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 Discussion

MATTER

No Does it have Yes

constant
properties and
composition?
1. 2.

No Yes No Can it be Yes

Is it uniform simplified
throughout? chemically?

3. 4. 5. 6.

Atom- the smallest part of an element having the chemical properties of the
element, containing of a nucleus containing combinations of neutrons and protons o

and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus by electrical attraction.

o o
o

Proton-it is positively charged and located within the nucleus.

NEUTRON
Neutron - Situated within the nucleus and have no charge. no charge, part of the
nucleus
Electron -Located within the electron cloud floating around PROTON
the nucleus and have a negative charge. positively charged,
part of the nucleus
Nucleus-protons and electrons are located in the center of ELECTRON
an atom, this can be the smallest part of the atom. negatively charged,
surrounds the nucleus
PART I. CALCULATING PROTONS, ELECTRONS, AND NEUTRONS

STEP 1: Get your periodic table and look for the atomic number
and atomic weight/mass number of the element.

STEP 2: Look for the atomic weight/mass number of the element. To calculate
the number of neutrons, you will need to find the atomic weight/mass number of
the element. The atomic weight/mass number can be found under the symbol of
the element.

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  Round-off the atomic weight/mass number to the nearest whole number.
Ex: 10.811 or 11

STEP 3: Determine the number of protons. The atomic number is located above
the element symbol and the atomic weight or mass number is found under the
element name.
 For example, boron (B) has an atomic number of 5, therefore it has 5
protons.

STEP 4: Determine the number of electrons. An element in a neutral state will

have the similar number of protons and electrons.
 Boron (B) has an atomic number of 5, therefore it has 5 protons and 5
electrons.

STEP 5: Determine the number of neutrons. To calculate the number of

neutrons. Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass.
 Boron (B) has 11 (atomic weight/mass number) – 5 (atomic number) = 6
neutrons

Sample Isotop Element Number Number Number of Charge

Problem e Name of of Electrons
No. Protons Neutrons
1 B-5 Boron 5 6 5 0

p (+) = 5
n (0) = (atomic weight – atomic number = number of neutron)
11-5= 6
e (-) = (atomic number – charge of the isotope = number of electron)
5-0 =5

PART II. CALCULATING THE ELECTRONS WITH IONS PRESENT

STEP 6: Identify the net charge. Because of the addition or removal of electrons,
an ion is an atom that has a positive or negative charge. When you remove
electrons, since an electron has a negative charge, the ion becomes positive. The
ion becomes negative as you add more electrons.
 For example, N3- has a -3 charge while Ca2+ has a +2 charge.
 Keep in mind that if there is no superscript ion number following the
variable, you don't have to do this calculation.

STEP 7: Subtract the charge from the atomic number. If an ion has a positive
charge, electrons are lost to the atom. You deduct the amount of extra charge from
the atomic number to determine the remaining number of electrons. There are
more protons than electrons in the case of positive ions.

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 Sample Isotop Element Number Number Number Charge
Problem e Name of of of
No. Protons Neutrons Electrons
2 Mg-24 Magnesium 12 10 12 2+

p (+) = 12
n (0) = (atomic weight – atomic number = number of
neutron)
24-12= 10
e (-) = (atomic number – charge of the isotope = number of
electron)
12-(+2) =12

STEP 8: For negative ions, add the charge to the atomic number. When an ion
has a negative charge, electrons are gained by the atom. You simply add the
amount of extra charge to the atomic number to determine the total number of
present electrons. There are fewer protons than electrons in the case of a negative
ion.

Sample Isotop Element Number Number Number of Charge

Problem e Name of of Electrons
No. Protons Neutrons
1 B-5 Boron 5 6 7 -2

Atomic Number
Charge

B
5 p (+) = 5
-2
n (0) = (atomic weight – atomic number = number of neutron)
11-5= 6
Symbol e (-) = (atomic number – charge of the isotope = number of electron)
5-(-2) =7
11 Atomic Weight

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 PROTON= the number of proton is equal to the value of the atomic number.

NEUTRON= to find the number of neutron, subtract the atomic weight/mass

Activities
number from the atomic number.

ELECTRON=
Guided to find the
Practice 1 number of electron, subtract the atomic number to
A.the charge ofLabel
Directions: the isotope (element).
the parts of an atom on the diagram below. Write your answer
on a separate sheet.
NOTE: Atomic Weight/Mass Number should be rounded-off to the nearest
whole number.

3.

1. 2.

B. Directions: Answer the following questions by using the words from the box
below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

B
5
Positive Charge 5 Negative Charge Boron
Proton and Neutron No Charge 11
11
4. What type of charge does a proton have? _____________________________________
5. What type of charge does a neutron have? ____________________________________
6. What type of charge does an electron have? __________________________________
7. Which two subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?
8. What is the atomic number of the atom in the diagram? ______________________
9. What is the atomic mass/mass number of the atom in the diagram? __________
10. What does the element B stand for? ________________________________________

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Guided Practice 2
Direction: Complete the table by filling in the blank cells with the correct number
of proton, neutrons, electrons, atomic number, and atomic weight. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
r
Numbe

Number Number Number

Symbol of Atomic Atomic
of of of
the Isotope Number Weight
Protons Neutrons Electrons

1. 18 17 17

2. -2

16 16 34

3.
126 83 209

4.
49 49 115

5.
118 78 79

Independent Practice
Directions: Complete each box by filling with the missing atomic number, element
symbol, element name, atomic weight or mass number, the number of protons,
neutrons, electrons. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 26 2. ____ 3. 74
_____ K _____
Iron Potassium ________
_________ _________ 184
# of p # of p # of p
# of n # of n # of n
# of e # of e # of e

4. ___ 5. ____
C _____
Carbon Vanadium
_________ 51
# of p # of p
# of n # of n
# of e # of e

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 Assessment

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. It is located in the nucleus and have a positive charge.

a. proton b. neutron c. electron d. all of the above

2. It is located in the nucleus and have no charge.

a. proton b. neutron c. electron d. none of the above

3. It is located in the electron cloud floating around the nucleus and have a
negative charge.
a. proton b. neutron c. electron d. all of the above

4. It is found in the center of an atom where the protons and neutrons are located.
This is the smallest part of an atom.
a. electron cloud b. nucleus c. orbit d. none of the above

5. Considered as the smallest component of an element having the chemical

properties of the element, consisting of a nucleus containing combinations of
neutrons and protons and one more electrons bound to the nucleus by electrical
attraction.
a. atom b. molecule c. element d. all of the above

6. To find the number of neutron, you have to ________ the atomic weight/mass
number from the atomic number.
a. add b. subtract c. divide d. none of the above

7. To solve for the number of electron, it is required to subtract the atomic number
to the ________ of the isotope.
a. sign b. charge c. value d. allof the above

8. The number of proton is _________ to the value of the atomic number.

a. less than b. greater than c. equal d. none of the above

9. Which of the following is NOT considered a subatomic particle of an atom.

a. proton b. neutron c. ion d. none of the above

10. Atomic weight/Mass number should be rounded-off to the nearest __________.

a. tenth’s b. whole number c. hundredth’s d. all of the above

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 Reflection

Direction: Complete the statement by filling in the blanks using the three sub-
atomic particles of an atom. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

PROTON, NEUTRON & ELECTRON

There are three tiny particles that make up an atom namely: 1. ________,
2. ________, 3. _______. The nucleus of an atom is composed of 4. ________ and 5 .
________. Located in the electron cloud is 6. ________. A positive charge of an atom
is called 7. ________, while 8. ________has a negative charge, and 9. ________ has no
charge. The number of 10. ________ is equal to the value of the atomic number. To
solve for the number of 11. ________ you have to subtract the atomic weight/mass
number from the atomic number. And in finding for the number of 12. ________ you
have to subtract the atomic number to the charge of the isotope.

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 References

Grade-8 Science Learner’s Material pages 203-205

Grade-8 Science Teacher’s Guide pages 132, 140-143

Definition of Substance. (n.d.). https://www.Chemicool.Com. Retrieved December

8, 2020, from https://www.chemicool.com/definition/substance.html

Definition of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous. (n.d.). https://www.Chemicool.Com.

Retrieved December 8, 2020, from https://www.chemicool.com/definition/homogeneous.html

Definition of Mixture. (n.d.). https://www.Chemicool.Com/. Retrieved December 8,

2020, from https://www.chemicool.com/definition/mixture.html

OpenStaxCollege. (2014, October 2). Phases and Classification of Matter-

Chemistry. Pressbooks-Dev.Oer.Hawaii.Edu. http://pressbooks-
dev.oer.hawaii.edu/chemistry/chapter/phases-and-classification-of-matter/

Juncker, PhD, M. (2020, November 18). How to Find the Number of Protons,
Neutrons, and Electrons. https://www.Wikihow.Com/.
https://www.wikihow.com/Find-the-Number-of-Protons,-Neutrons,-and-Electrons

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 Key to Corrections

GUIDED PRACTICE 1
A.
1. proton
2. neutron
3. electron
B.
4. positive charge
5. no charge
6. negative charge
7. proton and neutron
REVIEW 8. 5
9. 11
10. Boron

18

GUIDED PRACTICE 2

REFLECTION

1-3 (in any order)

Proton, Neutron and
Electron
INDEPENDENT PRACTICE
4-5 (in any order)
Proton and Neutron
ASSESSMENT
6. Electron
1. a.
7. Proton
2. b
8. Electron
3. c.
9. Neutron
4. b.
10. Proton
5. a.
11. Neutron
6. b.
12. Electron
7. b.
8. c.
9. c.
10. b.

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 Acknowledgment
The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt
gratitude to the following, who in one way or the other, have contributed to the
successful preparation, development, quality assurance, printing, and distribution
of the Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all learning areas across
grade levels as a response to providing the learners with developmentally-
appropriate, contextualized and simplified learning resources with most essential
learning competencies (MELCs)-based activities anchored on the principles of
guided learning and explicit instruction:

First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the

writers and graphic artists for devoting much of their time and exhausting their
best efforts to produce these indispensable learning kits used for the
implementation of learning delivery modalities.

Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout evaluators

making up the Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for having carefully
evaluated all GLAKs to ensure quality and compliance to DepEd standards;

Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly extending its

financial assistance to augment the funds for the printing of these learning
resources for use by learners and parents at home;

Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close coordination

with the school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval of the GLAKs and
for their frequent monitoring of the learners’ progress through various means; and

Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the
learners the needed guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish the
tasks and for gradually helping them become independent learners.

To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would not be

possible without your collective effort and strong commitment to serving our
Zambaleño learners.

Again, our sincerest thanks!

The Management Team

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 For inquiries of feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III – Division of Zambales

Learning Resources Management Section (LRMS)
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