‘Compare these examples: (1) Lisa has lost her watch. She tells Sue: Lisa: I've lost my watch. Have you seen it anywhere? ‘SUE: No, buraf I find it, 1 tell you. In this example, Sue feels there is a real pos if find ... PM (2) Joe sa lity chat she will find the watch. So she says: If T found a wallet in the street, I'd take it to the police station, This isa different type of situation. Here, Joe doesn't expect to find a wallet in the street; he is imagining a situation that will probably not happen. So he says: if found ... ,'d (= I would)... (not if Ifind ... ll...) ‘When you imagine something like this, you use if + past (if I found / if there was / if we didn’t etc.). But the meaning is not past: G What would you do if you won a million pounds? (we don't really expect this to happen) J I don’t really want to go to their party, but I probably will go. They'd be upser if I didn’t go. 11 Te there wae (or were) an election romorrow, who would you vote for? For if ... wasiwere, see Unit 39C. We do not normally use would in the if-part of the sentence: I'd be very frightened if somebody pointed a gun at me. (not if somebody would point) 2 IFI didn't go to their party, they'd be upset. (tot IfI wouldn't go) But you can use if ... would when you ask somebody to do something: 10 (from a formal leter) 1 would be grateful if you would let me know your decision as soon as possible. In the other part of the sentence (not the if-part) we use would ('d) / wouldn't: 1 IF you took more exercise, you'd (= you would) feel better 0 Pm not tired. IFI went to bed now, I wouldn't sleep. 1G Would you mind if I used your phone? Could and might are also possible: 1 If you took more exercise, you might feel better. (= itis possible that you would feel etter) topped raining, we could yo wut, (= we would be able Lo yo out) Do not use when in sentences like those on this page: © They'd be upset if I didn’t go to their party. (mot when I didn’t go) 15 What would you do if you were bitten by a snake? (not when you were bitten) Will —> Units 21-22 fand when —> Unit 250 Would —» Unit 36 IF knew -> Unit 39 IF had known — Unit 40Exercises Unit 38 38.1 38.2 388 38.4 Put the verb into the correct form. 1 They would be offended if | didn't. 90 __ to their party. (not / go) 2 If you took more exercise, you ..w%ld. feel. better. (feel) 3 If they offered me the job, I think I sii oe it, (take) 4 A lot of people would be out of work ifthe Caf f2CLOFY vona--nwnnwnnee + (Close down) 5 If I sold my car, 1 ... swwsimwewenwe MUCH money for it. (not / get) 6 (ina lift) What would happen if somebody that red button? (press) | don’t think there’s any chance that Gary and Fmma will get married. I'd he absolutely astonished if they ~ (do) 8 Liz gave me this ring. She .. _—. very upset if I lost it. (be) 9 Dave and Kare are expecting ie. They would be very disappointed if we «(not / come) 10 Would Steve mind if uu his bike without asking him? (borrow) 13. What wolld yo0 45 I ome acacia Wee eA gE (a 12 Pim sure Ste ono if you explained the situation to het. (understand) You ask a friend to imagine these situations. You ask What would you do if .. ? 1 (imagine - you win a lot of money) Wak. would, you. de. if. you. 2 imagine - you lose your passport) What emnn a 3 (imagine — there's a fire in the building) alot of. money?..... 4 (imagine — you're in a lift and it stops between floors) ‘Answer the questions in the way shown. 1a: Shall we catch the 10.30 train? No. (arrive too early) ...\f.we caught the, 10.30. train, we'd. arrive 0 early. 2 A: Ts Kevin going to take his driving test? No. (fail) Ihe ee a: Why don’t we stay at a hotel? 8: No. (cost too much) If... a Is Sally going to apply for the job? b: No. (not /get it) If a“ & 3 Ler’s tell them the truth. No. (not / believe us) If ........ 6 a: Why don't we invite Bill to the party B: No. (have to invite his friends too) Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1 If you took more exercise, ...\uou'4..feel. better. 2 I'd be very angry if 3 IF I didn’t go to work tomorrow, 4 Would you go to the party if. 5 If you bought some new clothes, . 6 Would you mind if 7ith 39 | | y e If [knew .... | wish I knew ... Study this example situation: Sarah wants to phone Paul, but she can’t do this because mitcaneniies she doesn’t know his number. oar, ‘She says: a VA TfL knew his number, I would phone him. Sarah says: If knew his number ... . This tells us that she doesn't know his number. She is imagining the situation. ‘The real situation is that she doesn’t know his number, ‘When you imagine a situation like this, you use if + past (if I knew / if you were / if we didn’t cetc.). But the meaning is present, not past: 1 Tom would read more if he had more time. (but he doesn't have much time) © If didn’t want to go to the party, I wouldn't go. (but I want to go) 15 We wouldn't have any money if we didn’t work. (but we work) © If you were in my position, what would you do? 16 Ita pity you can’t drive. It would be useful if vou could. We use the past in the same way after wish (I wish I knew /1 wish you were etc.). We use wish to say that we regret something, that something is not as we would like it to be: 15 I wish I knew Paul’s phone number. (= [don’t know it and I regret this) 1 Do you ever wish you could fly? (you can't fly) © It rains a lot here. I wish it didn't rain so often © Its very crowded here. I wish there weren't s0 many people. (there are a lot of people) 5 I wish I didn’t have to work tomorrow, but unfortunately I do. If T were / if | was After if and wish, you can use were instead of was (if I were ... /T wish it were etc). was was are also possible. So you can say: 1 If were you, Iwouldn’t buy that coat. or If Twas you, .. I'd go out if it weren't so cold. or. if it wasn’t so cold. GT wish Carol were here. or I wish Carol was here. We do not normally use would in the if-part of the sentence or after wish: 10 If were rich, I would have a yacht. (not If | would be rich) 7 Twich Thad camething to read (not T wish I would have) ‘Sometimes wish ... would is possible: I wish you would listen. See Unit 41. Could sometimes means ‘would be able to’ and sometimes ‘was/were able to": © You could get a better job (you could get = you would be able to get) if you could use a computer. (you could use = you were able to use) Could + Units 26-27 IF 1do/ iF 1 did > Uit 38 IF Thad known / | wish | had known —> Unit 50 Wish — Unit 41Exercises Unit 39 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 Put the verb into the correct form. (not / buy) that coat if T were you. _ help) you if I could, but P'm afraid I can’t. 4 We would need a car if we .. ~~ (live) in the country. 5 It we had the choice, we (live) in the country. 6 This soup isn’t very good. It (taste) better if it wasn't so salty. 7 wouldn't mind living in England ifthe weather (be) berter. 8 [fT were you, I (not f walt), Ta ~ (go) now. 9 You're always tired. If you fo (not / go) to bed so late every night, you wouldn't be tired all the time. 10 I think there are too many cars. If there sv. (not / be} so many cars, TET na “(not / be) So much pollution. Write a sentence with if... for each situation. 1 We don’t see you very often because you live so far away. If you didn't live $0 far away, weld see you. more Ofte. a a This book is too expensive, so I'm not going to buy it. rd - rene incase ast 3. We don’t go out very often — we can't afford it. We en 4 can't meet you tomorrow ~ I have ro work late. If _ reste as we es _ ee 5 Is raining, so we can’t have lunch outside. We 6 don't want his advice, and tha's why I'm not going to ask for it. Tessas 2 SSR Write sentences beginning | wish ... 1 don’t know many people (and I'm lonely) ish | knens mere, people... sa Idon't have a mobile phone (and I need onte)- 1 Wi8 nn Helen isn’t here (and I need to see her) peur It’s cold (and I hate cold weather)... 1 ive in a big city (and I don’t like it). ong Tean’t go to the party (and I'd like 10). no I have to work tomorrow (but I'd like to stay in bed). 8 I don't know anything about cars {and my car has just broken down). 9 T'm not feeling well (and it’s not nice). Write your own sentences beginning | wish ... 1 (somewhere you'd like to be now ~ on the beach, in New York, in bed etc.) | Enh cocci 4 (something you'd like to be ~ beautiful, strong, rich etc.) “+ Additional exercises 19-21 (pages 312-14) 79Seudy this example situation: Last month Gary was in hospital for a few days. Rachel didn't know this, so she didn’t go to visit him, They met a few days ago, Rachel said: If Thad known you were in hospital, 1 would have gone to see you, Rachel said: If Thad known you were in hospital ... . This tells us that she didn’t know he was in hospital. We use if+ had (4) ... to talk about the past (if I had known/been/done etc.): G I didn’t ace you when you passed me in the steect.IFT'd seen you, of course I would have said hello. (but I didn’t see you) 0 I decided to stay at home last night. I would have gone out if | hadn't been so tired. (but Twas tired) © If he had been looking where he was going, he wouldn't have walked into the wall. (but he wasn't looking) 1b The view was wonderful. If '4 had a camera with me, 1 would have taken some photographs. (but I didn't have a camera) Compare: 10 I'm not hungry. If was hungry, I would eat something. (now) GT wasn’t hungry. If T had been hungry, I would have eaten something. (past) Do not use would in the if-part of the sentence. We use would in the other part of the sentence: 1 If Thad seen you, I would have said hello. (not If would have seen you) Note that “d can be would or had: OMMd seen you, (I'd seen = I had seen) Td have said hello. (I'd have said = I would have said) ‘We use had (done) in the same way after wish. I wish something had happened = I am sorry that it didn’t happen: (© L wish I'd known that Gary was ill. L would have gone to see him. (but | didn’t know) © I feel sick. I wish I hadn't eaten so much cake. (I ate too much cake) 13 Do you wish you had studied science instead of languages? (you didn’t study science) Do not use would have ... after wish: 1G The weather was cold while we were away. I wish it had been warmer. (not I wish it would have been) Compare would (do) and would have (done): If Thad gone to the party last night, I would be tired now. (Iam not tired now — present) If Thad gone to the party lastnight, F would have met lots of people. (I didn't meet lots ‘of people - past) Compare would have, could have and might have: wwe would have gone out. we could have gone out. 1 If the weather hadn't been so bad, J (= we would have been able to go out) we might have gone out. (= perhaps we would have gone out) Had done > Unit 15. IF do /if I did —> Unit 38 IF knew / wish I knew — Unit 39 Wish — Unit 47Exercises Unit 40 40.1 40.2 Put the verb into the correct form. 1 I didn’t know you were in hospital. If ..'4_knoWn... (I/ know), .....tu9uld.. nave game (7 go) 10 see you. ‘Sam got to the station just in time to catch the train to the airport. If a the / miss) the train, (he / miss) his flight. 3 Tim glad that you reminded me abour Amanda's birthday. - (L/ forget) if —. nnn (YOU! not / remind) me. 4 Unfortunately [forgot my address book when I went 01 holiday. [fn eenm (I have) your address, mm (L/ send) you a postcard. 5: How was your holiday? Did you have a nice time B: It was OK, bur cones — _ (we / enjoy) it more if “ (the weather / be) nicer, 6 Took a taxi tothe hotel, bur the traffic Was bad. a aan it be} quicker if —. - (/walk). 7 V'm not tired. IF peers (1 be) tired, I'd go home now. 8 L wasn't tired last night. If “ -- (I/ be) tired, I would have gone hame earlier For each situation, write a sentence beginning with If. 1 Lwasn’s hungry, so I didn’t eat anything. I I'd, been. hungry. | would. have eaken something 2 The accident happened because the road was icy. If the road csi 1 didn’t know that Joe had to get up early, so I didn’t wake him up. iI 7 cnr x 4 Iwas able to buy the car only because Jane lent me the money. Karen wasn't injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt. 6 You didn't have any breakfast ~ that's why you're hungry now. 7 [didn’t ger a taxi because I didn’t have any money. Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with | wish, 1 You've eaten too much and now you feel sick. You say: wish | hadn't eaten so much 2 There was a job advertised in the newspaper. You decided not to apply for it. Now you think that your decision was wrong. You say: I wish I sim - i seneinaseaaaia 3 When you were younger, you never learned to play a musical instrument. Now you regret this. ‘You say - 4 You've painted the gare red. Now you think that red was the wrong colour. You say: — Screams = 5 You are walking in the country. You'd like to take some photographs, but you didn’t bring your camera. You say 6 You have some unexpected guests. They dida’e phone first to say they were coming, You are very busy and you are not prepared for them. You say (t0 Yourself}: — Additional exercises 19-21 (pages 313-14)