RG - P5 - Lesson 50 - 25

24 - RG - P5 - Lesson 50

WHA T'S GOING ON? TEXT

SNAPSHOTS I

( ) )
The mother is feeding the girl.
Oriver: What's wrong? Don't Woman: Hey, aren't Vou Fritz,
VOUlike hot dogs for dinner? the famous German composer?
Composer: I certainly amo

He's painting the wall. She's painting a picture. Mother: Isn't Joey terrific? See Vendor: Doesn't your owner
how well he plays the quitar, feed Vou enough?

) )

Customer: Don't Vou think l look

gorgeous in this swimsuit?
She's playing the guitar.
 .• I
26 - RG - P5 - Lesson 50
RG - P5 - Lesson 50 - 27

A weekend on Grandpa's farm

Son: Don't VOUwant me to help Boy: Didn't Vou say it was your
Vou paint anymore? grandpa's seventieth birthday?
Girl: No, I said it was my
grandma's seventieth birthday.
Lois: What did Vou do last weekend?
Kim: It was my grandpa's birthday, so my parents and I visited him and
) ) my grandma on their farm.

Lois: How was it?

Kim: It was great. My grandma made a delicious peach pie.

Lois: Are there many animais on the farm?

Kim: Yes, there are a lot of horses, cows, chickens and pigs. On
Saturday night I set the alarm clock for 5 a.m., because I wanted
to help Grandpa feed the animais. He fed the horses and the cows
and I fed the chickens and the pigs.

Man on the left: My mother-in-Iaw Man: Lucy, didn't Vou set the Lois: I would like to visit your grandparents' farm one day.
is coming to visit us for three alarm clock for 7 a.m.?
months. Isn't that awful? Kim: Great. I'm going to spend a week there during my summer
vacation and, if Vou want to go, 1'11take Vou with me.

) ) What an awful neighbor!

Ju/ie: What's wrong, Lisa? Vou look tired.

Lisa: Well, I didn't sleep very well last night. My new neighbor played
his guitar until 2:30 in the morning. It was awful.

Julie: What did Vou do?

Wife: I can't wear this outfit to Wife: Yeah, but not for me.
the wedding. The dress doesn't borrowed it from my sister.
Lisa: My mother-in-Iaw, who was spending the weekend with us, tried
fit me.
to talk to him but it was impossible, so my husband called the
Husband: But, wasn't it
custom-made? police. We finally got to sleep at about 3 a.m.
S'l.
 .. .~

28 - RG - P5 - l.esson 50 RG - P5 - Lesson 50 - 29

FURTHER USE OF ENGLlSH PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. ORDINAL NUMBERS I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE

Pay attention to the way we form ordinal numbers: YOUR

MOTHER
To form ordinal numbers from 21 to 999 in English, we just change the WILL LOVE
last word. For example, twenty-one becomes twenty-first. THIS KITTEN.

Look at the way we form ordinal numbers that end:

a. in 1: I )

SANORA SAIO, "YOUR

MOTHER WILL LOVE THIS SANORA TOLO PAULAND
KITTEN." MEL THAT THEIR MOTHER
.---------' WOULD LOVE THAT KITTEN.

Observe these changes in the dialogue.

Sandra said, "Your motherwilllovethis kitten."

Sandra told Paul and Mel that their mother

Pay attention to this:
J ) would love that kitten.

11 o~~ - one hundre;(ffi) 130~~- three hundre;~ 1

Now take a look at another example.

Mr. and Mrs. Foster said, "Maybe our

grandchildren will travei to Europe on their
11.TO PLAV + THE + MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS vacation."

Pay attention to this:

John is playing the guitar. Mr. and Mrs. Foster said that maybe their
grandchildren would travei to Europe on
We have to use the article the before names of musical instruments
their vacatíon.
when we use the verb to play
 ,
RG - P5 - Lesson 50 - 31

30 - RG - P5 - Lesson 50

Now look at these sentences:

Remember this:

Aren't VOU working? (I expected VOU to be working.)

In indirect speech:
a. use their when your (pio) or our was used in the Don't VOU have anything better to do? (You must have something better to
original statement.
do.)
b. use would when will was used in the original
statement.
Negative questions can also suggest surprise that something is not being
done, or has not happened.

11.NEGATIVE QUESTIONS
)
Compare these questions: Remember this:

a. Is this purse yours? Negative questions are used: .

a. when we expect or hope for an affirmative ans~er.
b. when we want to suggest surprise that sornethlnq
is not being done or has not happened.

b. Isn't this purse yours?

Use contracted forms when asking a negative

Note questiono
When should we use question a and when should we use question b?

When we use question a, we have no idea if the answer will be aftirmative

or negative. We don't know who the purse belongs to.
When we use question b, we think or believe that the answer will be
aftirmative. Question b is to be used when we are expecting yes as the
answer confirrninq what we think to be true.
)
Look at this example:
J
SHE SURE IS. WHEN I LOOK
ISN'T SHE CUTE, DAD?
AT HER, I REMEMBER YOUR
MOTHER YEARS
ÁGO. ----~~--~
36 - RG - P5 - Lesson 51
RG - P5 - Lesson 51 - 37

TEXT
SNAPSHOTS 1/

Husband: Isn't there a better Man: Honey, aren't there any

way to get rid of miee? clean soeks?
) )
Girl: Don't VOUknoek anymore? Sally: Won't anybody help me?
Dave: Dan will. He went to look
for a ladder.

Boy: Mom, weren't there two Husband: Honey, it's nine thirty.
frogs on the sofa when Vou sat Aren't we going to eelebrate our
down? wedding anniversary?
Wife: No. I want a divoree.
Man: Can't Vou stop gossiping Santa Claus: Won't this
for a minute? The house is on snowstorm ever end?
fire!

\J )

Wife: Didn't your doetor tell Vou Husband: Yeah, and didn't your
Man: Wouldn't it be better if I Woman: Hey, Rambo, wasn't last week to stop eating sweets? therapist tell Vou to mind your
stood on your shoulders to the letter earrier here a minute own business?
ehange the light bulb? ago?
38 - RG - P5 - Lesson 51
RG - P5 - Lesson 51 - 39

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE

Changing a light bulb can sometimes be dangerous

DAD, IS GRANDMA GOING TO
Tom: What are you going to buy at this store? STAY WITH US?
Hubert: I'm going to buy a ladder. Yesterday I had to change a light
bulb in my apartment and as we didn't have a ladder, I had
to stand on .the kitchen table to do it. Well, I almost fel!. I
decided then and there that it was time to buy a ladder.
() )

Christmas is for kids

LUCY ASKED HER FATHER, "IS LUCY ASKED HER FATHER IF
I like to celebrate Christmas with my family, especially with the
GRANDMA GOING TO STAY HER GRANDMA WAS GOING
kids. They write letters to Santa Claus telling him what they would like for WITH US?" TO STAY WITH THEM.
Christmas. They love it when there is snow outside and we are ali sitting
g) w·, .
around the fire on Christmas Eve. And they leave cookies and candy for
Santa Claus. On Christmas morning, they get up really early to open their
presents. I usually take pictures of them opening their gifts and playing with )!
their new toys, Christmas is for kids, isn't it?

Is the mouse listening to, the gossip?

Observe this change in the dialogue:
Husband: Can't you stop gossiping for a minute?
Wife: I thought your therapist told you to always mind your own
Lucy asked her father, "Is Grandma going to
business.
) ) stay with us?"
Husband: Yeah, he did. But the problem is that there is a mo use next
to your foot.
Wife: Oh, no!

Lucy asked her father if her grandma was going to

Where did you put my new brush? stay with them.

Mrs. Wilson: Did you take my new brush, Sandra?

Sandra: Yes, Mom, but I put it on the dressing table in your bedroom.
 .:

40 - RG- P5 - Lesson 51 RG-P5-Lesson51-41

Now take a look at another example:

Daisy asked Paul and Jennifer, "Does David

study with you?"

WHEN JOHNNV COMES MARCHING HOME

When Johnny comes marching home aJ;in,

Daisy asked Paul and Jennifer if David Hurrah, hurrah. ..e... M~h/-
J ")IV

studied with them. We'll give him a hea~y .elcome then,

Hurrah, hurrah.", . -, •...
AJ'U."-<,··J
j ) The men will cJJ!!tr 'd the boys will Sh~ til
The ladies they wil1..all tum au~ ••
And we'll ali feel gay ..' -~.

Remember this:
When Johnny com.ffW· 'jrching home. .
In eighteen hundrecfa ~ sixtY~j:l~,..,tlWJ&..r, hurrah,
Tha! was when t~~JV.-ar begí1n I1Urrãh:h!&rr..ílil~ ~ ~
I~ -+,. (/":.1.Ç<.
,
In eiqhteen hundr~B "ând&a!Yt1t~~ 9Jf!!~Cfif5
were éllQ.r.I:l, in two'1(1)~)), .,
And we'lI ali drink s~wl(J .. e-r./'6i~ ~~ (--viJL~ I~>';" "
In indirect speech, use them when us or Vou (pio) When Johnny come~(Rí1~:f~g home. - ~ ~
was used in the original statement. Get ready for the julJlI~urrah, hurrah,
We'lI give the hero tbrté time~ree,
Hurrah hurrah f,,I ;t': ..9j,> ".....
"",
The laureJ..wrea ~s r.eady now to place upon his loy}3.7
.
~a«
brQw,4 . J....Q. 'A_i~/
I n
And we 11 ali feeLg.êY .._- ~
When Johnny comes marehing home..
The old church bell will ebL~th jó.G.,. ! r:
J'"
, 9- .'6.." f'"1
Hurrah, hurrah. .~ ~..I..Ivn~ o\k. '-'\
' o:
To welcome home our darlinf} b y, - 11 L.
Hurrah, hurra.O /.~
The village liji s d I ie say, with roses they wil! trew hJ way,
And we'lI alr1eel gay
When Johnny comes marching home.

) hearty- very enthusiastic

to cheer- (here) to give shouts of congratulations and welcome
to tum aut - to appear, to come to see
gay- hàppy
begun - poetic license
sides - the two opposing forces or armies
stonewine - wine made at home
jubile e - celebration
laurel wreath - a circular arrangement of leaves placed on the head of
someone who is victorious
layal- faithful
brow- the part of the head between the hair and the eyes
to peal- to ring bells loudly
jay - astrong feeling of happiness
darling - very dear, much loved
lassie - young girl
to strew - to throwhere and there
 RG - P5 - Lesson 52 - 45
44 - RG - P5 - Lesson 52

TEXT
sM
TV COMMERCIAL - KMART

gift wheelchair
/ ) )

Woman on the left: Hi, Theresa.
Woman on the right: Oh, hi.
Did you see ali this Revere
Ware that's on sale? I'm getting
this 7-piece set for my
daughter-in-Iaw.
Woman on the left: Oh, she
must be a very good cook.
Woman on the right: Not
yet... but I'm working on it.

shopping cartlcart

WHA rs GOING ON?

J /)

Woman pushing the cart: I'm Woman on the right: West

glad I gave KmartSM another 8end Slow Cookers are a great
chance. gift.
Woman in the wheelchair:
Yeah.
Woman on the right: I just
prepare everything in the
morning, and it's ready when
get home.

The woman is pushing a shopping cart.

 RG - P5 - LA~C:f'\"" C-:'I

46 _ RG - P5 - Lesson 52
L ESSON53
WORDS IN ACT/~

r-r-=Ó: the wheelchair:

•

woma~ 10 ever oook?

bath towel Doesn t Goe~rf;e right: Please\
~~~r~;d cooking dinner for a
in thp.
~~~'.: ...••.• wheelchair: Yeah.

RG - P5 - Lesson 52 - 47

hanger

Ta/king in the discount store

Emi/y: Hi, Judy.

Judy: Oh, hi. Didyou see ali this cookware that's on sale?

Emi/y: Yes, 1 bought a six-piece set for my daughter. She is going to live
soap alone and she needs some pots and pans for her new house.

Judy: Does she know how to cook?

Emi/y: Not yet, but she's working on it.

8ob: Mom, let me pus e cart for a while.

Judy: OK, but go sloWly é1I' d be careful.

8ob: OK.

a roll of toilet paper. Judy: Let's go look at those toys on sale.

8ob: Yeah, let's.

Judy: Well, bye, Emily.

Emi/y: See you later, Judy.

An accident

Mr. Johnson: How is James, Dr. Williams?

Dr. Williams: Well, it was a bad accident, Mr. Johnson. Your son will have
to use a wheelchair for some time.

Mr. Johnson: How long will it be before he'lI walk again?

Dr. Williams: Don't worry. He should be walking in about two months.

 - I
.:

50 - RG - P5 - Lesson 53 RG - P5 - Lesson 53 - 51

TEXT
SITUATIONS

A STORYTELLER

) )

three pieces of coa I maid

Old lady: Once upon a time Old lady: The horse had wings
there was a beautiful horse. He that shone in the sun. His name
was as white as snow, his eyes was Pegasus.
were as black as coal.

twin sisfers

)
Boy: Please, Grandma, can you
start ali over again? I missed the
beginning.

wings (of a bird) wings (of a plane)

 -.,
52 - RG - P5 - Lesson 53
RG - P5 - Lesson 53 - 53

SMALL TALK

Can you start ali over again?

Grandma: Once upon a time there was a beautifullady.

Tina: What was she like, Grandma?

Woman on the left: Your son is Woman on the right: Yes, he is. Grandma: She was as white as snow. Her hair would shine in the sun.
such a tall boy. Is his brother as They're identical twins. ) )
tall as he is? Sally: Where did she live?

Grandma: She llved in a big house ...

80b: Please, Grandma, start ali over again. I missed the beginning.

One or the other?

Jocelyn: Uncle Harry, I want you to meet my friend Peter.

Woman on the left: And what Mr. Dunn: Your sister introduced us yesterday, but, young man, I'm
aboutyourhusband?
pretty sure she said your name was George.
Woman on the right: He is not
as tall as the boys.
Peter: Oh, you talked to my brother. Sorry for the confusion, but we
IN A HOTEL HALL WA Y are identical twins.

) ) At a hotel

Mrs. Lane: (on the phone) Yes, ma'am. 1'11

Guest: Excuse me, miss. Can
you qet me an extra bath towel,
another hand towel, some more
soap and toilet paper, please?
Maid: Certainly, sir. Anything
else?
get the maid to take them to
your room. (to the maid) Helen, the guest in room 201 is
asking for an extra bath towel, a hand towel, a bar of soap
and a roll of toilet paper.
Guest: H'm ... oh, yes. I need
some hangers and another Maid: Anything else, Mrs. Lane?
pillow too, please.
Mrs. Lane: Yes, take some hangers and an extra pillow to room 327.

54 - RG - P5 - Lesson 53
PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE
Look at this sentence:
HARRY, I'LL TALK TO VOU
ABOUT YOUR TEST GRADE
TOMORROW.
THE TEACHER SAIO, "I'LL
TALK TO VOU ABOUT YOUR
TEST GRADE TOMORROW."
Observe this change in the dialogue:
The teacher said, ''/'II talk to Vou about your
test grade tomorrow."
The teacher told Harry that she would talk
to him about his test grade the next day.
,"
l
RG - P5 - Lesson 53 - 55
.Now take a look at another example:
Sally said, ''We have to save money for our trip
next year, Peter."
Sally told Peter that they had to save money
for their trip the following year.
)
)
Remember this:
In indirect speech:
a. Use the next day ar the following day when
tomorrow was used in the original statement.
THE TEACHER TOLO HARRY
b. Use the following week, month, year, etc.
THAT SHE WOULO TALK TO ar the next week, month, year, etc. when
HIM ABOUT HIS TEST GRADE next week, month, year, etc. was used m
THE NEXT DAY. the original statement.
,
11. COMPARISON OF EaUALlTY
Look at these sentences:
j Pegasus' eyes were as black as coat.
.----J\
Ted is 6 feet tall. Jason is 6 feet tall toa. Ted is as tall as Jason.
ou1r'~
In the sentences above, we are saying that the two items are the same
in some way. We are using the comparative of equality.
Look at how we form the comparative of equality:
 .-
56 - RG - P5 - Lesson 53
l
RG - P5 - Lesson 53 - 57

Remember this:
Remember this:
To say that two items are the same in
some way, we use the comparative of To say that two items are differe~t in s0t"!le
equality (as +adjective + as).
way, we use the comparative of inequality
(not as + adjective + as).

Here's another example:

Now look at another example:

YOUR LlTTLE BROTHER IS AS
CUTE AS MINE.
") )

11I.COMPARISON OF INEQUALlTV

Look at these sentences:

I paid $8,000 for my caroMelinda paid $10,000 for her caroMy car was not
as expensive as Melinda's caro " )
Sarah is 12 years old. Her friend Dana is 14 years old. Sarah is not as old
as her friend.

In the sentences above we are saying that the two items are different in
some way. So we use the comparative of inequality.

Look at how we form the comparative of inequality:

 - 1
58 - RG - P5 - Lesson 53

RG - P5 - Lesson 54 - 59

L ESSON54
J
[------__~W~O~R~D~s~m~A~c~r.~ro~N

( ) )

teapot
60 - RG - P5 - Lesson 54 RG - P5 - Lesson 54 - 61

TEXT
TV COMMERCIAL - HALLMARK®

Girl wearing pants and blouse:
Go out and come back in. And 1'11
fix the table.
Girl wearing a darkdress: OK.
Girl wearing a dark dress: Yes, Girl wearing pants and blouse:
and I brought you this. "Happy birthday to yOU. Love,
Sue."
,) )
Girl wearing pants and blouse:
Oh, somebody'shere.

')t

Girl wearing pants and blouse:
Won't you come in?
Girl wearing a dark dress: 1will
come in.
Girl wearing pants and blouse: Girl wearing pants and blouse:
Oh, it's a Hallmark® cardo Now I think we'lI put it right up here for
Girl wearing a dark dress: My, that is very special, everyone to see it.
this is a very nice place! Girl wearing a dark dress: Girl wearing a dark dress:
Girl wearing pants and blouse: Well, it is your birthday. Good idea.
Thank you. We like it too.

j ,)

Girl wearing pants and blouse: Girl wearing a dark dress: Do

Would you care for some tea? you know why 1 stopped by? Girl wearing pants and blouse: Girl wearing a dark dress:
Girl wearing a dark dress: Oh, Because it's your birthday. Now that was fun. Vou want to do Yeah, but this time it's my
yes. it again? birthday. Vou go wait outside.
Girl wearing pants and
Girl wearing pants and blouse: blouse: Vou remembered! Girl wearing pants and
Be careful because it's really hot. blouse: OK.
 - r

62 - RG - P5 - Lesson 54
RG - P5 - Lesson 54 - 63

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE

Look at this dialogue:

A Valentine card IF GREG 18 HOME, I WILL I

INVITE HIM OVER FOR
OINNER. I

/iY R
Denise: Good morning, Fay.

Oh, hi. Come on in. )

Fay: /" )
Denise: Thanks.

Fay: What are you doing out so early?

MARV TOLD PETE, "IF GREG 15 MARV TOLO PETE THAT IF
Denise: Well, I'm on my way to the dentist's. But I'm early, so I decided HOME, I WILL INVITE HIM OVER GREG WERE HOME, 8HE
FOR DINNER." WOULD INVITE HIM OVER
to stop by. .-----------'1 FOR OINNER.
Fay: Would you care for some tea?

Denise: I'd love some. It's really cold outside. Oh, what a beautiful teapot.
~
Fay: It was a present from my mother. 8he bought it in Europe.

Denise: It's really beautiful. Observe these changes in the dialogue:

Fay: By the way, look at the Valentine card I got yesterday.

Mary told Pete, "If Greg is home, I will invite
I
him over for dinner."
Denise: Who sent it to you?
} )
Fay: I don't know. There's no name on it. Read it.

Denise: "Happy Valentine's Oay. Vou are very special to me." Wow! Vou Mary told Pete that if Greg were home, she
have to find out who sent it. wouíd invite him over for dinner.

Fay: But I have no idea.

Denise: Well, the only thing to do is wait. Who knows? Maybe the person Hernernber this:
will call or maybe he'lI send you something else. In indirect speech, the formula (if + present) ... will
becomes (if + past) ... would.
64 - RG - P5 - Lesson 54 RG - P5 - Lesson 54 - 65

11.SOMEONE or SOMEBODV, ANVONE or ANVBODV B.ANYONEorANYBODY

A.SOMEONEorSOMEBODY Now look at these sentences:

Look at this sentence from the lesson:

1don't know anyone who can speak Japanese.
"Oh, somebody's here."
There isn't anybody in that room.
The girl means there is some person at the door. She doesn't know who.

Now look at these sentences: Remember this:

/ ) )
There is someone at the door, but 1can't see who it is.
Anyone and anybody are derivatives of any and
mean any person.
Mr. Grant is looking for somebody to help him in the restaurant.
Anyone and anybody have the same meaning, so
we can use either one in a sentence.

Remember this:

Someone and somebody are derivatives of some

and mean some person.
Someone and somebody have the same ANVONE and ANVBODV are used in NEGATIVE SENTENCES.
meaning, so we can use either one in a sentence.

SOMEONE and SOMEBODV are used in AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES.

~}
\
(' )
"There isn't anyone in this "Mrs. RoII won't let anybody go
room." on vacation this month." .

Vou learned that in affirmative sentences we use someone or somebody,

and that in negative sentences we use anyone or anybody. What do we
use in interroga tive sentences? Vou will find the answer on the next page.
There is someone next to Paul. 'Tina, there's somebody looking
for you."
66 - RG - P5 - Lesson 54 RG - P5 - Lesson 54 - 67

In INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES, we can use SOMEONE, SOMEBODY, Finally, take a look at these:
ANYONE or ANYBODY.

"If anyone here needs "With these slow cookers,

"Does anyone (anybody, "ls there someone (somebody, something, don't hesitate to anybody can cook fantastic
someone, somebody) have anyone, anybody) in t h is meals."
Ed's phone number?" room?" ) ) ask."

Remember this:

Now look at these interrogative sentences: Anyone and anybody can also be used in
I affirmative sentences to refer to any person without
distinction.
Would Vou like someone (somebody) to help ~
Vou change the light bulb?,
~

I s,.'l SUMMARY:

Would someone (somebody) help me change ~ Someone and somebody

the light bulb?
~ * affirmative sentences
* interrogative sentences
* interrogative ssntances when making offers or requests

Anyone and anybody

Someone and somebody (not anyone and
anybody) are normallyused in interroga tive * negative sentences
sentences when making offers or requests. \
) ) * interrogative sentences . .,.
* affirmative sentences to express the idea of any person wtthout distinction

"Can someone tell me how to "Would Vou like somebody to fix

work this VCR?" your stereo?"
 ..,

68 - RG - P5 - Lesson 54 RG - P5 - Lesson 55 - 69

L ESSON55
WORDS IN ACTION

Let's take a look at some

special dates in the U.S.A.

) )

a flat tire jack

~\}fV-
Flag Day is celebrated on
fl~~
June 14, the date in j7]Z 1"hen the ~~
Conti,~~~1Congress~~teft~e itãrs -t A
and Sfr\jYe> as he official flag of the
United States. .
JUtlE I'"
L.!::~;;'------
The American!JPg was first deSlgke;d~YGeorge Washington
and two other revo,l.l1tionaryleaders in 1776, after the colonies had
spare tire/spare
dec ared their independence from Great Britain. The flag
WPIfainéd thirteen horizontal stripes (seven red ones and six white
ones) ~at. S~?Oliz~d the thirteen coloni~s, and thirteen white \
'I
)
stars arr#geifin a circle that represented the unity and equality
of these colonies.
. , vp
The Stars and Stripes has b~en redesiqned many times
since the original was made, but it still contains thirteen stripes in
honor of the original colonie~.;.T~ft,Jeare now fifty stars (one for
~ach state) arranged in nine ro~àlternating with six stars in one
row and five in the next. The last two stars were added in 1959
when Alaska was admitted to the Union and jn 1960 when Hawaii
became t/1efiftieth state.
steering wheel the trunk of a car
70 - RG - P5 - Lesson 55 RG - P5 - Lesson 55 - 71

I TEXT -4.z'fo.;v4 - 1-:/, < ~ •

+Q.
}J
-1)) -
).'1/' .
SITUATIONS
,
tr,i't{
f
I
\ /"';.;:..,;_
'
CI/',
I v, ••

I . {I

,.:}
.r J
-'Si-{; IN THE NEWSROOM /Jô-r: 10 Á
c.; c.

() )
computer
typewriter

Reporter at the computer: Reporter with a beard: Why

Darn it! Because of this
computer problem, I may not
finish this article before five.
don't you use one of the
computers downstairs?
Reporter at the computer:
There aren't any available
now. 1'11 have to use the
typewriter. There's nothing
else I can do.

This man has a black beard.

ONTHEROAD

WHA T'S GO/NG ON?

J (')

Wife: Uh-oh, sornethinq's wrong. Husband: Open the trunk so

The steering wheel is pulling to that I can get the jack and the
the left. spare.
Husband: Vou have a flat tire. Wife: I'm so glad you're here. I
A Pull off the road. have no idea how to change a
She's typing a letter. flat tire.
 - I

72 - RG - P5 - Lesson 55 RG - P5 - Lesson 55 - 73

A flat tire

Mrs. Fenn: Darn it! Something's wrong with the caro

Michelle: What do you think it is, Mom?

) ) Mrs. Fenn: Well, the steering wheel is pulling to the left. We may have a
flat tire. 1'11 pull off the road and check it out.

Husband: I want you to watch.

Next time you may be alone.
Some minutes later ...

Mrs. Fenn: It is a flat tire.

Michelle: Now what do we do?

Mrs. Fenn: The jack and the spare are in the trunk. 1'11
try to change the
tire.

Michelle: But you don't know how to change a tire, Mom. Don't you
remember the last time you tried?

Mrs. Fenn: Then we'Il have to wait for someone to stop and help uso
There's nothing else we can do.

) Should I correct the mistakes?

Sarah: Paul asked me to type this paper for him, but he made some
mistakes.

Fay: Who's Paul?

Sarah: He's one of my friends from the university. He's tall, blond and
has a beard.

Fay: Oh, I remember him now. Well, I think you should correct the
mistakes and then tell him about it.

Sarah: That's exactly what I'm going to do.

 l
74 - RG - P5 - Lesson 55 RG - P5 - Lesson 55 - 75

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR 11.MAKING NEGATIVE SENTENCES WITH MAY

I. MAKING AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES WITH MA Y

Look at these sentences:

Look at these sentences:

Because of this computer problem, I may not finish this article before five.

I want you to watch me change this flat tire because you may be alone the- I don't feel well. I may not go to the party.
next time it happens.

We are not sure what we're going to do next year. We may visit our friends
in Mexico. )
We may visit our friends in Mexico next year if we have enough money.
Remember this:

1. In the negative we can use may to talk about

Remember this: the possibility 01 something not happening.
2. We put not after may to make a negative
statement.
We use may to talk about the possibility of 3. We do not normally contract may and noto
something happening.

Now look at this situation:

Now look at this chart:

I
Vou
He have to work late tonight. )
She
It may rain tonight.
We
Vou have to work late tonight.
They The young man in the picture wants to know about the possibility of his
father getting angry with him.
The young man does not use may in his questiono
1. Don't add an s to may for he, she, or it.
Note ~ 2. May is followed by the infinitive without to.
May expressing possibility is not normally used in
Note ~ questions.
 • I

76 -- RG - P5 - Lesson 55 RG - P5 - Lesson 56 - 77

L ESSON56

Let's take a Iook a1;some WORDS IN ACTION

special dates in the U8.A.

) )

This is a map of Florida. Louisiana is in the

United States .

. Independenée Day, also called the Fourth of July, is the most

important patriotic holiday in the United States. It celebrates
. the date when the Declaration ot Independence was adopted
~IJ- __ •••
by the Continental Congress: July 4, 1776. .
Independence Day was first observed in Philadelphia on July Switzerland is a country in Europe.
8, 1776, when the Deçlaration of Independence was first
publicly read. One of its most famous paragraph says:
"We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that ali Men are
created equal, that they are endowed" by their Creator with WHAT'S GOING ON?
certain unalienable2 Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, )
and the Pursuir' of Happiness - That to secure these Rights,
Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just
Powers from the Consent of the Governed."
The Fourth of July is a summer holiday and a day oft frem work.
That'swhy many people enjoy thisholiday by going on picnics
or to beaches. Independence Day is also celebrated with
firework displays and parades. The American flag is flown and
red, white, and blue ribbons are used for decoration atpublic
ceremonies. Throughout the nation, church bells ring to
celebrate the day when the Philadelphia Liberty Sell first
proclalmed American independence.
1 to be endowed with something - 10 be given This woman is skiing.
2 unalienable - that cannot be Iranslerred
3 pursuit - lhe act 01 Irying 10 lind ,somelhing; search
78 - RG - P5 - Lesson 56
r RG - p5 - Lesson 56 - 79

TEXT
WELL- TRA VELED

) ) D.: I've been to Louisiana and A.: Are they alike?

Florida. D.: Nope.
D.: I have traveled ali around the A.: Have you been to Maine?
States. D.: Yeah. Maine's terrific.

D.: Florida is muchwarmer, and D.: Louisiana is more

the people are more outgoing. conservative. A typical southern
A.: Really? Is it like California? D.: It's very different from state.
D.: No, not at alI. California.

) )

D.: Maine has a lot of ski resorts, A.: Which southern states have A.: And which state did you like D.: Oh, definitely California.
like Switzerland. you been to? best? There's no place like home.
 "''"I -

80 - RG - P5 - Lesson 56 RG - P5 - Lesson 56 - 81

CULTURAL NOTE

The Southern States ~egi0 ~s ione of the seven regions ?f th' _ ~

continental United .States. fi.. thó gl1 not ali of these states are, s,.!rict'Y;:;1
speakinq, located m the southern part of the country, they are called .~
How about visiting the States?
Southern States because most of them formed the Confederacy (the group r'

of Southern States that broke away frorn the Union) during the Civil War /.P, '"
Thinking of traveling on your next vacation? How about a trip to the (1861 - 1865). The names of the southern states are: ' ~
United States? Vou can visit states that are so different from one another
that they seem to be different countries.
( ) )
If you like winter and snow, it's not necessary to go to Switzerland to
ski. Vou can ski at some of the most beautiful ski resorts in the world in
Maine and Vermont, two northern states. Want to go to the beach? Try a
southern state. Florida is famous for its beaches.

And you can see some Broadway plays in New Vork City; listen to
jazz in New Orleans; Louisiana; walk along the streets in exciting Chicago,
IIlinois; and eat fantastic seáfood in San Francisco, California.

Vou're sure to find.what you're looking for on your trip to the States.
And you'II have a lot of stories to tell when you get back home.

Teaching Geography (J

1 . A'-rkansas 8. Florida
Robin: Mom, is Boston in the eastern ar western part of the
United States? 9. North Carolina
/ ( " '1 ) 2. Louisiana
Mrs. Thompson: It's in the East.
3. Kent~cky 10. South Carolina

4. Tennessee 11. Virginia

5. Mississippi 12. West Vi~nia

6. Alabama 13. Maryland

7. Georgia
82 - RG - P5 - Lesson 56 RG - P5 - Lesson 56 - 83

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR 11.THE PAST PARTICIPLE

Look at these charts:

I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE

Look at this example: Regular verbs:

~------------------~.-.
I THINK I'LL TALK TO
MR. JOHNSON TOOAY. present tense past tense past participle
clean cleaned cleaned
listen listened listened
play played played
)
)

PAT SAIO, "I THINK I'LL TALK PAT SAIO THAT HE THOUGHT Irregular verbs:
TO MR. JOHNSON TODAY." HE'O TALK TO MR. JOHNSON
THATDAY.
present tense past tense past participle
put put put
read rE\,ad reld
do cfÍCj done
.Q/Y\

give gave given

)

Remember this:
Observe this change in the dialogue:
1. Regular verbs

Pat said, "I think 1'11 talk to Mr. Johnson The past participle of regular verbs is the same as
today." the past-tense form, e.g. cleaned, played, etc.
\
I 2. Irregular verbs ~
--'
)
Pat said that he thought he'd talk to a. for some irregular verbs, the past participle is the
Mr. Johnson that day. same as the irregular past-tense formo e.g. put,
read, etc.

b. for other irregular verbs, the past participle is

completely different from the other forms of the
Remember this: verbo e.g. done, given, etc.

In indirect speech, we use that day when today

was used in the original statement. At the end of this book Vou will find a list of the past participles of ali
the irregular verbs Vou have learned so faro
84 - RG - P5 - Lesson 56 RG.- P5 - Lesson 56 - 85

111.
THE FORMATION OF THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE B. Interrogative form

A. Affirmative form Compare these sentences:

Look at this diagram:

Daniel has traveled around the States.

Daniel has traveled around the States.
==c-
subjecl +
T
to have in
lhe presenl
+
I
past participle
of lhe main verb

(j ) Has Daniel traveled around the States?

Remember this:

To form the present perfect tense, we use the verb

to have in the present and the past participle of the
main verbo Take a look at how we form an interrogative sentence in the present perfect
tense.

~Daniel traveled around the States ?

Now look at this chart:

FULL FORM CONTRACTED FORM

1have passed I've passed Remember this:

Vou have passed You've passed To form an interrogative sentence in the present
the exams. perfect tense, we put the verb to have before the
He has passed He's passed subject.

She has passed She's passed

It has rained It's rained a lot recently.
We have been We've been Now look at this chart:
Vou have been You've been to Maine.
Have 1passed
They have been They've been Have you passed
Has he passed the exams?
Has she passed
Has it rained a lot recently?
Have we been
Have you been to Maine?
Have they been
 RG - P5 - Lesson 56 - 87
86 - RG - P5 - Lesson 56

c. Negative form IV. USING THE PRESENT PERFECTTENSE

Now compare these sentences: Look at these sentences:

I have been to Louisiana and Florida.

Daniel has traveled around the States.
Tina Wilson has been to Europe.

In both of the sentences above someone did something in the past,

but we do not know exactly when s/he did it. What happened was more
Daniel has not traveled around the States.
j I \ ) important than when it happened.

Remember this:
Look at how we form negative sentences: One of the uses of the present perfect tense is
when we want to talk about something that
happened in the past without saying exactly when
it happened.

When the time isn't mentioned because it is not

necessary, not important, or not known, we use the
present perfect tense.
Remember this:
To form a negative sentence in the present perfect
/
tense, we place not after the verb to have.

V. LlKE ANO ALlKE

Finally look at this chart:
J Compare these sentences:
FULL FORM CONTRACTED FORM
I have not passed I haven't passed
Vou have not passed Vou haven't passed
the exams.
He has not passed He hasn't passed items being compared --
She has not passed She hasn't passed
It has not rained It hasn't rained a lot recently.
We have not been We haven't been
Vou have not been Vou haven't been to Maine.
They have not been They haven't been
items being compared
88 - RG - P5 - Lesson 56 RG - P5 - Lesson 56 - 89

Now look at these sentences:

New Mexico is like Arizona: both have a strong Mexican influence.

ilems being compared

New Mexico and Arizona are alike: both have a strong Mexican influence.

ilems being compared

Labor Day is a legal holiday
) ) tha hono s working people and
Remember this: the labor movement. It is
1. We use like and alike to compare people, things, celebrated on th i t Monday
places and situations that are like each other in of September ~ roughout the
some way. United States, Puerto Rico, and
Canada.
2. We use like between the items being compared. Two men have been credited with suggesting the celebration of
Labor Day in the United States: Matthew Maguire, a machinist
3. We use alike afterthe items being compared.
from Paterson, N.J., and Peter J. McGuire, a New York
City carpenter. Both
I d an~ importan
....
;(~/.J.1.
..
VI. OIFFERENT ANO OIFFERENT FROM ro e in stêging the
first Labor Day
parade in New York
Compare these sentences:
City in September
1882.
.:::..:..:.:::..:...:::..:...o::....r~'-"Ia::.:s::..::s:..:::e..::::s
are different from Oiana's sun Nowadays Labor
Day celebrations
ilems being compared include parades and meetinqs by labor organizations, but for
r ) most people it is a day of rest and recre.ation. Occurring just
before most of the
=.!=,-",-==.:.:Ia:;:s::..::s:..:::e..::::s
are different. nation's schools
reopen, American
ilems being compared
families use the
Remember this: three-day weekend
as a final summer
1. We use different from between the items vacation.
being compared.

2. We use different afterthe items being

compared. * to stage -: 10 plan and organize
 RG - P5 - Lesson 57 - 91
90 - RG - P5 - Lesson 57

TEXT
L ESSON57
HA VE VOU EVER ... ?
WORDS IN ACTION

) )
airport helicopter J.: Look at that! Have you ever
been on a ship?
A.: I sure have.

ship submarine

J.: I've never been on a ship.

) )
camel

A.: No kidding! When was that? J.: Last year, when we went from
JFK to La Guardia.
Egypt is a country in Africa.
92 - RG - P5 - Lesson 57
RG - P5 - Lesson 57 - 93

Chuck: Have you ever been on a ship, Jennifer?

c.: VOU know, my dad has even
traveled on a camel.
A.: Yeah, that was in Egypt.
Jennifer: Yes, I have. I love the oceano My parents and I have traveled
)
on the Queen Anne three times.

Chuck: Oh, how nice. What was it like?

Jennifer: Oh, it was great.

Chuck: It must be really neat. I've never been on a ship, but I have
traveled by helicopter.

Jennifer: I would never travei by helicopter. I'd be afraid.

A.: He was there last year. D.: Have you ever been in a
submarine? Chuck: No kidding! Why?

Jennifer: I'm afraid of flying. Once I was going to visit my grandmother,

and I decided to go by plane. But when I arrived at the airport,
I got so scared that I went to the train station, bought a ticket,
)
) and went by train.

Chuck: I can't believe it.

c.: Of course not. Don't tell me

you have.
D.: Yes, I have.
94 - RG - P5 - Lesson 57 RG - P5 - Lesson 57 - 95

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR 11.THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE VS. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Compare these sentences:

I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE
Jean has traveled by plane.
Look at this dialogue:

Jean traveled by plane last year.

THIS CAMEL IS MINE. YOURS IS In the first sentence, we're told that Jean traveled by plane, but we're not
OVER THERE. told exactly when. The time is not important. The present perfect tense
was used. In the second sentence, we're told exactly when Jean traveled
by plane. She traveled by plane last year. The simple past tense was used.
/ ) )
Remember this:

1. Use the present perfect tense to talk about an

action that happened at some non-specific time
MARY TOLO PETE THAT THAT in the past.
MARY TOLO PETE, "THIS CAMEL
IS MINE. YOURS IS OVER THERE." CAMEL WAS HERS, ANO SAIO
2. Use the simple past tense to talk about an action
THAT HIS WAS OVER THERE.
that happened at a specific time in the past.

1. In the present perfect tense, what happened is

more important than when it happened.

2. In the sim pie past tense, what happened and

when it happened are equal/y important.

Observe these changes in the dialogue:

Mary told Pete, "This camel is mine. Yours is

over there."
)
Now look at this example:

Mary told Pete that that camel was hers, and

YES, I HAVE.
said that his was over there.

Remember this:

In indirect speech, use his/hers when mine/yours

was used in the original statement.
 RG - P5 - Lesson 57 - 97
96 - RG - P5 - Lesson 57

111. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE WITH EVER

Look at this example:

Fay: Have you ever traveled by helicopter?

Let'stake a look at some
John: Yes. I traveled by helicopter five years ago. special dates in the U.S.A.
In the question, Fay wants to know if John has traveled by helicopter at any
time in the past. Halloween is celebrated on October 31.
Halloween is a short way of saying Ali
HaJlow's Eve, the night before Ali Saint's Day,
When we want to know if someone has done or will do something at any November 1. Although Halloween gets its
time, we use ever. name from a Christian festival, its customs are
) ) of pagan origin: from a Celtic festival in honor
of Samhain.
When we are talking about the past, but we are not talking about a specific Every year lhe ancient Druids (Celtic priests and teachers) honored
time, we often use the present perfect tense with ever. Samhain, lord of death. Supposedly, demons of evil and death, spirits of the
dead, ghosts and witches roamed the countryside on the last night of
October, so the Druids built huge bonfires to scare them away. The Druids
also dressed in ugly and frightening costumes so that the demons would
think they were one of them and do them no harm.
Remember this: From this festival, then, come the symbols of Halloween: ghosts,
skeletons, devils, witches, and black cats. The jack-o'-Iantern, a hollowed-out
pumpkin carved in the appearance of a demonic face and with a lighted candle
inside, is also of Celtic origino According to an Irish legend, jack-o'-Ianterns were
1. Ever means at any time. named afler a man called Jack, who could not enter heaven because he was
a miser. Jack couldn't enter hell eilher for having played jokes on lhe devil. As
2. We often use ever with the present perfect tense aresult, Jack had to walk the earth with his lantern until Judgment Day.
when talking about the past. Nowadays Halloween is one of the favorite holidays of American
children. At night, they put on costumes and masks and go from house to
house saying, "Trick or Treat!" If the children don't receive a "treat" of candy
or cookíes, they may play a trick. Typical Halloween pranks are soaping
windows, writing on doors with crayons, overturning garbage cans, and
sticking pins into doorbells to keep them ringing.
Now look at this dialogue:

Roger: Have you ever been to Egypt?

Paul: No, I've never been to Egypt.

)
Remember this:

1. Never means not everor at no time.

e.g. John has never learned how to roller-skate.

2. We use never in negative sentences when the

verb is in the affirmative form. Compare:

a. Karen has never been to Mexico.

b. Karen hasn't ever been to Mexico.
 I -

RG - P5 - Lesson 58 - 99
98 - RG - P5 - Lesson 58

L ESSON58 WHAT'S GOING ON?

WORDS IN ACTION

( ) )
bowl

She's doing the dishes.

glass plate

~ I)
envelope

The car is being towed away.

stamp
 RG - P5 - Lesson 58 - 101
100 - RG - P5 - Lesson 58

A MISPLACED LETTER
TEXT
SITUATIONS

CHAOS IN THE KITCHEN

Sister: I just can't find Bob's Brother: Sorry, but I haven't

letter. Have Vou seen it seen it either.
anywhere, Peter?
Mother: Have VOU done the Daughter: No, not yet, but I've Brother: Are Voutalking about a
dishes yet? already broken three glasses, a thick envelope with a French
plate and a bowl. It shouldn't stamp on it?
take long now.
Sister: Yes, Iam.

AN UNPLEASANT SURPRISE

Lady: Ofticer, my car has been Police officer: It's been towed
stolen! I parked it somewhere away, ma'am. This is a
around here an hour ago and no-parking zone.
now I can't find it.
102 - RG - P5 - Lesson 58
RG - P5 - Lesson 58 -103

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. THE USE OF ALREAOY ANO YET

A. Already

Why doesn't Tina wesn the dishes? Look at this dialogue:

Sarah: Sorry, Mary, but I have to go in now. I have to wash the Mrs. Johnson: Harry, will Vou please fix the lock on the front door?
Mr. Johnson: I've already fixed it. lt'sOK now.
dishes.
Mary: Why don't Vou ask Tina to do them for vou? ) ) Remember this:
Sarah: Well, the last time Tina did the dishes, I had a very
unpleasant surprise. 1. We use ALREADV in AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES.
Mary: What happened? 2. We generally use already with the present perfect
tense (usually placed between the auxiliary verb
Sarah: When I went into the kitchen, she had already broken two and the main verb).
glasses, a bowl and two plates. I told her to stop before she
broke anythingelse. I really don't understand how she could
break so many things in such a short time. Now look at another example with already:
Mary: If Vou want something done right, I guess Vou have to do it AREN'T THEY A
LlTTLE YOUNG
yourself. FOR NOSTALGIA?

~
Where is my car?

Mrs. Pollock: Officer, my car has been stolen.

Ofticer: Why do Vou think someone stole your car, ma'am?
Mrs. Pollock: Because I parked it somewhere around here an hour ago
and now I can't find it anywhere.
)
Officer: Take it easy, ma'am. Your car has not been stolen. 8, Yet
Mrs. Pollock: Oh, I'm so happy to hear that.
Look at these sentences:
Officer: It's been towed away. This is a no-parking zone.
Mrs. Pollock: Oh, no! . I haven't finished my homeworK yet.
Ann hasn't done the dishes yet.

What a crazy world! Remember this:

1. We use VET in NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

Mr. Simon: Listen to this: "Man steals wife's jewels to pay off debts."
2. We usually put yet at the end of the sentence.
Mrs. Simon: What a crazy world!
 • I

RG - P5 - Lesson 58 -105
104 - RG - P5- Lesson 58

Now look at another example with yet. 11.SOMEWHERE and ANVWHERE

Somewhere and anywhere referto an indefinite place.

BOY, THAT WAS
FAST! I HAVEN'T We make affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences with
EVEN ORDERED
somewhere and anywhere the same way as with some and any.
VET.

Here are some examples to help Vou remember how to use somewhere
and anywhere.

) )
A. Somewhere is used in affirmative sentences.

e.g. I would like to eat somewhere that's quiet and inexpensive.

C. Already or yet in interrogative sentences

Vou learned that we use already in affirmative sentences and yet in

negative sentences. What do V:-Ie use in interrogative sentences?
B. Anywhere is used in negative sentences.
In INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES, we. can use either ALREADV or VET.
e.g. I can't find the letter anywhere.
We can say either:

"Have vou already done your homework?" C. Both somewhere and anywhere are used in questions.
or:
e.g. Is there a post office somewhere in this neighborhood?
"Have Vou done your homework yet?"
Did Vou go anywhere last night?
D. The use of yet in short answers

Now look at this example:

) D. In questions expressing offers or requeste, somewhere is preferred to
anywhere. .
"Have vou done the dishes yet?"
"No, not yet." e.g. Do Vou want somewhere to stay for the night? --- offer

Could Vou put your books somewhere else? --- request

Inthis dialogue, not + yet was used to give a short negative answer.

E. Anywhere can be used in affirmative sentences meaning any p/ace

without distinction.
Remember this:
e.g. Put these books anywhere Vou want.
We can use not yet for a short negative answer.
 , I

RG - P5 -lesson 59 - 107
106 - RG - P5 -lesson 58

LESSON59
WORDS IN ACTION

) )
a person's nose a dog's nose

An alligator has a broad nose. A crocodile has a pointed nose.

In 1919, President Wilson established Armistice Dayto commemorate

the signing of the armistice (November 11, 1918), which brought World War I
to an end. Originally, it was recognized as a day of tribute to the veterans
and the dead of this war.

In 1954, President Eisenhower signed a bill' changing the name of )

the holiday to Veterans Day and extending the tribute to lhe veterans and doorbell/bell
dead of ali wars. bell

Veterans Day celebrations in the United States include parades,

speeches and floral tributes placed on servicemen's graves2 or memorials.
Special services are held at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington
National Cemetery, Virginia. To Americans, the Unknown Soldier symbolizes
ali servicemen who have died in defense of their country.
1 bill - a written proposed statute presenled 10 Congress 10 be discussed and Ihen
voled.

2 grave - a place where a dead person is pu!.

knife knives
 RG - P5 - Lesson 59 -109
108 - RG - P5 - Lesson 59

TEXT
WHA T'S GOING ON?
SITUATIONS

) )
Husband: Sorry I rang the bel!, Husband: I mean, almost
but I forgot the key. I'm glad awake.
you're awake.

She's cutting the cake.

Albert: Jackie, I'm worried Jackie: Quit missing classes,

about the physics final. I think pay attention to the teacher and
I'm going to flunk. What do you study hard. I'm sure you'l! passo
think I should do?

) )

He's singing.
Albert: hate talking to you,
Jackie.
 • I

110- RG - P5 - Lesson 59 RG - P5 - Lesson 59 - 111

Boy: Mom! Daryl and Cynthia
hurt themselves.
Mother: What happened? Johnny: Sorry, Dad, that's an
Father: Hey, what a huge
Daryl: Nothing serious. 1 cut ) ) crocodile. alligator. Crocodiles have pointed
myself with a knife and she cut noses whereas alligators have
herself while she was washing a broad noses.
glass.

Mother: Why are you so upset?
Son: Jacko has lost his voice
and won't be able to sing tonight. Father: Sometimes we ask
They've decided to postpone the ourselves who this bookworm
concert until next week. takes after.
) )
 112 - RG- P5 -lesson 59
RG - P5 - lesson 59 -c- 113

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Observe these two situations:

It was on/ya bad dream
A. B.

I HAVEN'T I HAVEN'T
Danie/: I have to study ... I have to study ... NOW LET ME THINK. WHERE
SEEN EITHER, ANO
010 I LEAVE MY GLASSES
YOUR I'M GLAD. WE
THIS TIME?
HUSBAND GOTA
Mr. Robinson: Son, why are you talking to yourself?
) AROUND. DIVORCE
LASTWEEK.
Danie/: )
To keep myself awake. I'm going to have my physics final
tomorrow. If I don't study hard, 1'11 flunk. I'm so sleepy, I
won't be able to study everything.

Teacher: Ali of you PGlssed ... except Daniel Robinson. Daniel, go

stand on that bridge. Wait thers until you hear a bell ring.
.
In situa tiion A,
A ·IS Mr . Strickland
.? talking to anybo d y.? ~ e,s he's talking to a
Jump! Vou have to jump nowl
What about in situation B.
~m~. , . ~
Mrs. Robinson: Dan. Dan. That was your classmate Jane1. Your teacher In situation B, Mr. Strickland is talking to Mr. Strickland. He s talkmg
himself. Himself is a retlexive pranoun.
has decided to postpone the test, Oh, I almost forgo1. Alice
left this alligator here for you.
Look atthis diagram:

a. subject and object are different:

)
)
subject object

b. subject and object are the same:

He is looking at himself in the mirrar.

subject object
114 - RG - P5 - Lesson 59 RG- P5 - Lesson 59 -115

Remember this: 11. TO BE ABLE TO

We use reflexive pronouns when the performer

The expression to be able to is equivalent to can. It rneans to have the
(subject) and the receiver (object) of the action are
necessary power, abílity or qualifícations to do something.
the same.

To be able to can be used in any tense just by conjugating the verbto be.

Take a look at this chart:

PERSONALPRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS Take a look at these sentences:

I myself ! )
Vou yourself PRESENT "Are you able to speak German?" (Can you speak German7)

He himself
She herself PAST "When I was younger, I was able to run a mile in six minutes."
(When I was younger, I could run a míle ín síx mínutes.)
It itself
We ourselves
FUTURE "Your son is very intelligent. I'm sure he'lI be able to speak
Vou yourselves French very soon." (Here, to be able to is the only form that
They themselves is acceptable because can is never used with wíll.)

Observe that the ending of the plural forms

Note E.i ourselves, yourselves and themselves is

different from the ending of the singular forms. The
plural of self is selves.
Here's another example:

I SHOULD SAY IN LESS

WHEN DOYOU OH, VERY
THINK I'LL SE THAN 47 YEARS.
SOON.
ASLETOTAKE
PART IN THE'
Here is another example: ) OLYMPICS?
) I
1CUT HONEY,
MYSELF. PUT
80METHING THIS 18 ONE OF THE WAY8 A
ONIT. MAN CAN FEEL LlKE A LlTTLE
BOY AGAIN.
 116 -RG -P5 -lesson 59

RG- P5 -lesson 60 -117

L ESSON60
[~------~W~O~R~D~S~W~A~C~TJ~ro~N~

The idea 01 Thanksgiving can

l"~NKSG\~\NG I )
I
I
be traced back to the time 01 )
the Pilgrims. In 1620, the
Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth, fOURTH lHURSDA'I lM
Massachusetts, escaping lrom
religious persecution in Europe.
Not knowing how to survive in
NOVEMBER
I
the wilderness and having to
lace an exlremely cold winter, lhe Pilgrim colony lost aboul hall of
its members. Sul new hope arose 1 in lhe summer of 1621. The
Indians had laughl the Pilgrims how to hunt, fish, and grow food;
and for lhe firsl lime there would be a good corn harvestê. Thus, in
I hamburger/burger
water fountain

I
early autumn, Governor William Srandford arranged a harvesl
festival 10 give thanks 10 God for the progress the colony had made.
I The firsl Thanksgiving Days in New England were, Iherefore,
harvest festivais, or days for Ihanking God for plenliful cropsê,
Nowadays Thanksgiving is an annual legal holiday, celebraled
on lhe fourlh Thursday in November. 1I is usually a family day,
celebraled wilh big dinners which include roasl turkey and pumpkin
pie. In facI, going home for Thanksgiving is a national custem. Many
Americans Iravellong dislances 10 spend the holiday at home.
1 to arlse, arose, arlsen - 10 begin 10 exisl.
2 harvest - lhe cutting or picking 01 cullivaled planls when Ihey are ready 10
be ealen or processed.
3 crops - lhe plants Ihal YÇlU collecl at harvesl lime.

evening gown
nightgown
)

I
I
I
machines
 RG- P5 - Lesson 60 -119
118 - RG - P5 - Lesson 60

TEXT
SITUATIONS
AN EVENING GOWN OR A NIGHTGOWN?

) )
lobby
Husband: Sweetheart, we can Wife: Haven't you noticed that I
leave for the reception as soon am dressed?
as you're dressed.
IMPOLlTE MACHINES

receptionist
Robot: Vou'll find a water Robot: For further information,
fountain on the left-hand side of contact our receptionist.
the lobby.
Man: Excuse me, can you ...
WHA T'S GOING ON? MALlCIOUS GOSSIP
) )

Short-haired woman: I've heard Short-haired woman: Vour

Marian has finally gotten married. ex-husband.
They're getting married. Long-haired woman: Vou're
kidding. Who would marry her?

'-
 -,
120 - RG - P5 - Lesson 60 RG - P5 - Lesson 60 -121

TAKE YOUR TIME

Gossiping about a wedding

RacheI: Tina got married yesterday.

Student: Professor Bates, I'm Professor: Don't worry, Josh. Angela: Oh, really? Where did she get married?
awfully sorry, but I haven't Vou can hand it in next semester. ) )
finished my paper yet. RacheI: She got married in a beautiful church in Sunnyvale. The
reception was at the Sunnyvale Country Club.
WISEOWNER Angela: What was the reception like?
RacheI: The reception was great, except for the food, which was horrible.
Angela: Who was there?
RacheI: Ali of her family and a lot of her friends from school. Everybody
was elegantly dressed except for ...
Angela: Except for who?
RacheI: Well, do you remember Susan?
Angela: Of course I do. What about her?
Oark-haired man: Have you Blond man: No, I haven't. I
tried the burgers at that diner? know better. After ali, I own the RacheI: Well, she was wearing an evening gown that looked like a
They're horrible. place. nightgown. We didn't know if she was dressed to go to a party
or to go to bed.
Angela: Well, you know she really isn't what we can call elegant.
CULTURAL NOTE J ) RacheI: I know, and then there was an incident ...

In schools in the United States, the first semester (or fali semester)
usually begins the last week in August or the first week in September
and ends the second week in December. Is there a water fountain around here?

Winter break is from the third week in December until the first week in Mr. Timmons: Can you tell me where I can find a water fountain?
January.
Receptionist: You'lI find one in the lobby on the right-hand side of the
The second semester (or spring semester) begins after New Year's and elevator.
ends the first or second week in May.
Mr. Timmons: Thank you.
Students are on summer vacation during the months of June, July and
August. Receptionist: You're welcome.
122 - RG - P5 - Lesson 60 RG - P5 - Voe. Lis! - 123

VOCABULARY LlST
Note: This list contains the new words introduced in each lesson together with
the corresponding number of the lesson. The symbol (WIA) is used for ali
words that are presented in Words in Action.

A c E
camel (WIA) - L. 57 eastern - L. 56
Christmas season is the most festive time of a bar of (WIA) - L. 53
candid - L. 49 Egypt (WIA) - L. 57
a.m. -L. 50
l~~_"''''''''''''
••
the year in the United States. About a month
before the holiday itself, street lights and store
windows are already decorated with the
)
after ali - L. 60
airport - L. 57
candy bar (WIA) - L. 49
cart (WIA) - L. 52
electric guitar - L. 50
elsewhere - L. 49
traditional Christmas colors of red and green. celebrate, to - L. 51 end, to - L. 51
alarm clock (WIA) - L. 50
Store windows also display snowmen, chance - L. 52 enough - L. 50
alike -L. 56
angels, Santa Claus, and Nativity scenes. change, to (WIA) - L. 51 envelope (WIA) - L. 58
ali over again - L. 53
Some Christmas customs which Americans enjoy today are chaos - L. 58 even -L. 57
shared by Christians ali over the world. For example, many Americans alligator (WIA) - L. 59
almost - L. 59 clean - L. 51 evening gown (WIA) -
attend church services on Christmas Eve or Christmas morning. People L. 60
already - L. 58 coal (WIA) - L. 53
in the U.S. also like to decorate their Christmas trees with lights and
composer - L. 50 ever - L. 51
colorful ornaments and place presents under the tree. Families open annlversary - L. 51
their presents on Chrlstmas Eve or Christmas morning. Some American computer (WIA) - L. 55 everyone - L. 54
anybody - L. 51
youngsters hang up stockings 1 so Santa can fill them with candy, fruit conservative - L. 56 ex - L. 60
anymore - L. 49
and other small gifts. anywhere - L. 58 contact, to - L. 60
A typical Christmas dinner in the U.S. includes stuffed turkey, cook (WIA) - L. 52
appreciate, to - L. 49
mashed potatoes, and cranberry" sauce. Eggnog is a popular
cook, to - L. 52
F
Christmas beverage in many homes. article - L. 55
artist (WIA) - L. 49 cooker - L. 52 fali, to - L. 49
Ali over the world, and in America as well, Christmas is celebrated
not only as a religious holiday, but also as a time for families and friends as soon as - L. 60 cookware (WIA) - L. 52 father-in-Iaw - L. 50
to get together, enjoy a big Christmas dinner, and exchange gifts. as ••• as - L. 53 eras h, to - L. 49 fed - L. 50
available - L. 55 creativity - L. 49 feed, to (WIA) - L. 50
1stocking - a long sock
awful- L. 50 crocodile ~WIA) - L. 59
.,..--- ..•
2cranberry - a small red truit fell-L.49
awfully - L. 60 custom-made - L. 50 final - L. 59
cut, to (WIA) - L. 59 finally - L. 60
B finish, to - L. 55

bath towel (WIA) - L. 53 D fire (WIA) - L. 51

fire, to - L. 49
be able to, to - L. 59 darn it - L. 55 fit, to - L. 50
beard (WIA) - L. 55 daughter-in-Iaw - L. 50 fix, to - L. 54
because of - L. 55 decide, to - L. 59 flat (tire) - L. 55
been -L. 56 definitely - L. 56 Florida (WIA) - L. 56
beginning - L. 53 different from - L. 56
flunk, to - L. 59
bell (WIA) - L. 59 diner -L. 60 folder (WIA) - L. 49
bookworm - L. 59 discount store - L. 52
bowl (WIA) - L. 58 forgot - L. 59
divorce - L. 51
break, to - L. 58 French - L. 58
do the dishes, to (WIA) -
broad - L. 59 frog (WIA) - L. 51
L.58
broke - L. 58 done - L. 58 frustrated - L. 49
broken - L. 58 frying pan (WIA) ~ L. 52
dress, to - L. 60
brother-in-Iaw - L. 50 dressing table (WIA) - full moon (WIA) - L. 49
brought - L. 54 L.51 fun - L. 54
burger (WIA) - L. 60 dummy (WIA) - L. 49 further - L. 60