Innovating

 Nickel  and  
Cobalt  Battery  Materials
 The  Company
We  are  a  Nickel  and  Cobalt  refiner  commercializing a  
Who  we  are Selective  Acid  Leaching  (SAL)  process  developed  by  
the  University  of  Queensland.
SAL  is  a  patented  process  to  upgrade  Mixed  
Hydroxide  Precipitate  (MHP,  a  laterite  nickel  
intermediate)  into  battery  ready  nickel  and  cobalt  
What  we  do precursor  materials  with  very  low  environmental  
footprint.
Extensive  testing  done  with  key  MHP  producers.

Timing  is  now  right  with  urgency  and  interest  in  the  
market  increasing  due  to  EV  &  battery  market  growth.
 Market  Drivers • Government  legislation  and  strict  greenhouse  gas
emission  targets  in  personal  transport  sector  are
driving  EV  development.
Electric   • Major  advancements  in  battery  technology  and
economies  of  scale  are  driving  the  EV  industry  to
Vehicle   be  profitable.
Growth • Lower  battery  costs  combined  with  EVs’  increasing
driving  range  leads  to  broader  consumer  appeal.

Source:    Global  EV  Outlook,  UBS  estimates

 Battery  Industry

Source:  Roskill

Source:  Australian  Government  -­‐ Source:    Dept of  Industry,  

Dept of  Industry,  Innovation  &  Science   Innovation  &  Science   Source:  Roskill
Battery  market
advancing its  
development  
through   Material   Industry   NMC  has  good  
compounds   developing   overall  
lower  cost   for  renewable   more   performance  
materials  and   energy  
batteries  now  
affordable  and  
more  capable  
and  excels  on  
specific  energy.  
innovative   being  sourced   Li-­‐Ion  battery   This  battery  is  
from  MHP   materials,  
precursor   (Mixed   finding  better  
the  preferred  
candidate  for  
development   Hydroxide  
Precipitate)
alternatives  to  
LCO,  NCA  and  
EVs  and  has  the  
LFP. lowest  self-­‐
heating  rate.*
*Source:  Boston  Consulting  Group
EV  Battery  Chemistry  trending  towards  high  Ni  Content

Nickel  &  Cobalt  (NCA  &  NMC)   Shift  towards -­‐ Superior  energy  density
-­‐ Increased  range
required in  leading  cathode   high  Ni  Content -­‐ Mitigating  cost  of  cobalt
chemistry  for  EV  Li-­‐ion  batteries EV  batteries -­‐ Security  concerns  of  Co  supply

Li-­‐ion  batteries  high  in  Nickel  offer  

Composition  of  major  battery  cathodes   long  range  at  low  cost

Source:    Avicenne,  Macquarie  Research,  2017

 Nickel:      The  essential  metal  for  new  premium  precursors
Nickel  Demand  and  Supply Estimated  nickel  market  impact  of  EVs  by  2025

Li-­‐ion  batteries  require  high  purity  nickel  feedstock

Source:    AME,  WBMS,  UBS
Source:    UBS  Research,  BHP
 Nickel  Industry

Trend Ni  Laterite Good  Recovery

Trend  towards  producing  
Nickel   Due  to  dwindling  resources  of   MHP  (Mix  Hydroxide  
Laterites   nickel  sulphides combined  with   Precipitate)  and  MSP  (Mix  
account  for  an   the  need  to  mine  at  greater  (and   Sulphide Precipitate)
estimated  70%   subsequently  less  economic)  
of  known   depths,  there  is  a  trend  towards   Poor  Recovery
global  nickel   mining  Nickel  Laterite  as  a   Trend  away  from  pyro  
resources. resource. metallurgical  processes  
with  no  cobalt  recovery
Nickel  Laterite  Processing  101
Generating  the  Feedstock  (MHP)  for  PBT

No  Co  recovery
High  Grade  Ore

Low  Ni  Co  recovery

<80%,  <60%
Energy  Intense

(MHP) SAL
Hi  Ni  Co  recovery
Low  Power  Demand
 Our  Processes  – Simplified  Flow  Sheet  
Selective  Acid  Leaching  (SAL)  /  Reductive  Acid  Selective  Cobalt  Leaching  (RASCL)
Blee
d

Electrowinning
(optional)
NiSO4
MHP  +  
Oxidant Crystallization
SAL Nickel  Concentrate
NHP

~  90%  of  Nickel  /  Nil   Precipitation

Co  and  Mn  contained  
in  MHP  feed
100  %  Cobalt  and  Manganese  
and  10%  Nickel  contained  in   Cobalt  salts  (CoSO4)  and  CoNiMn concentrate  
MHP  feed precursors
Cobalt  Concentrate PERFECT for  Li-­‐NCM  battery  electrodes

RASCL
 Our  Selective  Acid  Leach  Process
• Simple  one  step  fully
patented  process  – no  solvent
extraction  (SX)  required

• Strong,  clean  and  immediate

separation  of  nickel  and  cobalt

• Nickel  recovery  higher  with

valuable  side  stream  of  unique
• Robust  &  selective • Defendable  capex
cobalt  concentrate &  opex
• Energy  Efficient
• Faster  (~1  hour) • No  Solid  Waste  or
• Natural  occurrence  of  NMC • Extremely  Simple: • Sidestream Value: Tailings
1:1:1  ratio  in  cobalt  stream one  step  process  -­‐ high  cobalt
no  solvent recovery • Compact:  very
• Flow  sheet  allows  to  adjust  to extraction small  footprint
new  product  mixes(e.g.  NMC • Upstream flexibility
• Safer  than  MSP:  no • Lowest
622  or  NMC  811)  with  ease toxic  or  flammable environmental
• New  high  margin
elements product  delivery footprint  in  class
Byproduct  Value

Cobalt  
stream
POTENTIAL
Reductive  Acid UPSIDE
NMC
Selective streams
Cobalt  Leach
(RASCL) Facilitates  economy  of  
other  material
extraction  projects  incl.  
VALUE
rehabilitation

RASCL  is  a  proprietary  add-­‐on  process  to  SAL

 Board  /  Management  Team

Dr.  William  Hawker   Richard  Wittig

Stephen  Wilmot Bjorn  Zikarsky
CTO Project  Director
Chairman Managing  Director  /  CEO
• Highly  experienced  Metallurgist, • Business  Builder  / • Lecturer  in  Hydrometallurgy  at • Certified Practicing Project Director
Manager  and  Company  Director. Entrepreneur  /  Manager. the  University  of  Queensland. (CPPD).
• 15+  years  demonstrated  success • Finance  /  Investment  Banking  / • 12  years'  experience  in   • 15+ years’ experience in all Project
in  the  growth,  strategic Private  Equity. operation, design,  industrial  and Management phases.
development,  governance,  risk • Co-­‐founder  (2009)  and  Director fundamental  research  for • Experienced in Owner Operator, EPC/
management  and  team of  Square  Resources  Group. processing  of  base  minerals, rare   M and consulting organisations.
development. • Interim  CEO  for  VSPC, earths,  gold  and  PGMs. • Management experience includes
• Previous  Owner  /  Principal downstream  material • Point  researcher  of  the  SAL Geology (drilling test work
Engineer  of  a  boutique processing  technology selective  nickel  leaching process. programs), Mining & Mineral
engineering  design  firm. company  for  the  battery • PhD  research  on  low  energy Processing, Infrastructure (civil works
• Director  of  a  start-­‐up  fin  tech industry  in  2015. synergistic  copper  processing including roads, dams, bulk
firm. • Prior  to  Square  Senior  Vice now  in  commercial  use  by commodity ports, marine dredging
• Director  of  an  international President  of  Lehman  Brothers  / Glencore. and trans shipping), Utilities,
mining  investment  group. Nomura  Australia  in  natural • Recipient  of  numerous  awards Environment & Social (impact
• Bachelor  of  Engineering  -­‐ resources,  metals  and  mining. and  scholarships. assessments, project approvals).
Mineral  Processing,  University • MBA  from  The  Wharton  School • Master of Project Management
of  Queensland. of  Business. (Bond)
• Global Strat. Management Cert.
(Harvard Business School).
 Advisory  and  Consultants

Mark  McNamara Johnnie  Stoker Dr.  James  Vaughan

Advisor  Processing   Advisor  Battery  Markets Hydrometallurgy  Consultant
• Background  in  the • Technology  executive  with • Senior  Lecturer  in
engineering  technology  and R&D,  commercialization, Hydrometallurgy.
environmental  services  field. sales,  start-­‐up  experience • Director  of  the  University  of
• Current  MD  of  VSPC,  part  of • Unprecedented  access  to Queensland  Rio  Tinto  Bauxite
Lithium  Australia. battery  supply  chain. &  Alumina  Technology
• Founder  of  Hydrodec and • Experience  in  lab  /  plant  to Centre.
Infinite  Oil. Board  and  C-­‐Level  functions. • Experience  in  industrial
• Managed  the  construction • Founded  and  grew  successful extractive  metallurgy
and  subsequent battery  technology  start-­‐up Research.
commissioning  of  similar with  international  operations. • At  the  frontier  of  leaching,
plants  as  planned  by  PBT. • Chairman  Emeritus  at precipitation  and  ion
• Served  as  MD,  CEO  and  CTO Battery  Company  K2  Energy exchange  research.
of  listed  company  in  the  oil Solutions. • Authored  over  50  journal  and
and  gas  processing  industry. • 30  year  plus  history  in conference  papers.
• Extensive  waste marketing  innovative  battery • Patented  six  technologies  in
management  experience. products. platinum,  nickel,  cobalt,  and
• University  Degree  in  Applied • PhD  Chemical  Engineering. copper.
Science  (Chemistry).
Contact:

Pure  Battery  Technologies  Pty  Ltd

Level  15,  12  Creek  Street
Brisbane  QLD  4000
Australia

www.purebatterytech.com