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French Verbs Booklet
French Verbs Booklet
French verbs are formed by: a stem + an ending (-ER, -IR or –RE).
To use the verbs in different tenses, we need to know some rules. These rules are
simple and are applied to nearly all verbs. Unfortunately, some verbs do not follow theses
rules and it is therefore important to know these IRREGULAR VERBS such as “aller” (to
go), “faire” (to do), “avoir” (to have) or “être” (to be).
(cf vocabulary book)
Most of the time, the rule is: keep the stem, take away the ending and replace it by
another ending depending on the person/subject.
To write in the present tense, we only change the ending (the stem remains the same).
Let’s have a look at the endings: they are different according to the ending of the
infinitive: verbs in –ER are different from those in –IR or –RE.
Can you think of the verbs you already know? With the help of your vocab book,
write them in the appropriate column.
Irregular in
-ER verbs -IR verbs -RE verbs
the present tense
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PERFECT TENSE (e.g.: I played)
Two groups
There are two groups of verbs for the perfect tense:
- the “être” verbs: refer to the MRS Van Der Tramp list
- the “avoir” verbs: all the other verbs
Three parts
The perfect tense is made by 3 parts:
subject (I, you...) + “être” or “avoir” in the present tense + main verb
The ending
For example, “I played” will not be “J’ai jouer” but “J’ai joué”!
It is very simple, and you need to make sure you write this ending properly as
examiners are very strict on this.
Unfortunately, there are some irregular verbs, and we need to know them. The main
ones are: “être”(j’ai été), “avoir” (j’ai eu), “faire” (j’ai fait).
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Now, we need to concentrate on the “être” verbs, as they require a bit more attention.
Let’s take an example: “rester” (to stay). As this is an –ER verb, we already know the
-er will turn into -é.
So, if a boy says “I stayed”, we would say “je suis resté”, but if a girl says “I
stayed”, we would say “je suis restée”. And if a group of boys says it, we would say
“nous sommes restés”, and a group of girls, “nous sommes restées”.
Note: if we have a group of boys and girls, this will be in the masculine form (no -e).
Your turn now: do you remember “être” and “avoir” in the present tense?
ÊTRE
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Je............................. Nous........................
Tu............................. Vous.........................
Il/Elle/On................... Ils/Elles.....................
AVOIR
J’..............................
Nous........................
Tu.............................
Vous.........................
Il/Elle/On...................
Ils/Elles.....................
Tu............................. Vous.........................
Il/Elle/On................... Ils/Elles.....................
Je On............................
(m) ..........................................
Vous (m.formal)
Je ...........................................
(f) ...........................................
Vous
Tu (f.formal) .....................................
(m) ........................................... ......
Tu Nous
(f) .......................................... (m) ...........................................
Il............................... Nous
(f) ...........................................
Elle...........................
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Vous
(m.informal) ................................ Ils.............................
.........
Elles.........................
Vous
(f.informal) ..................................
........
First, the “simple” future (“I will...”): to form this tense, we keep
the whole infinitive and add the following endings
TRAVAILLER
Je travaillerai Nous travaillerons
Tu travailleras Vous travaillerez
Il/Elle/On travaillera Ils/Elles travailleront
This pattern is used for all –ER and –IR verbs. For the –RE verbs,
we need to take the -e away: saying “j’attendreai” would not be very easy
to pronounce! This is why we will say “j’attendrai” instead.
Unfortunately, there are irregular verbs. These verbs will have
their stem changed, but the ending will follow the same pattern as all the
other verbs. You will have to refer to your vocabulary book to see which
verbs are irregular, but here are some:
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The second future (“I am going to...”) is even simpler! All you
need to do is to know how to do “ALLER” in the present tense. Do
you remember it?
Je .......vais............ Nous......................
Tu........................... Vous......................
Il/Elle/On................ Ils/Elles....................
This is most probably the easiest tense of all: this rule is applied to all the
verbs, even the “usually irregular” ones such as “aller”, “faire”, “avoir” or
“être”.
Like for the present and simple future tenses, to do the imperfect
tense, we need to take the ending of the infinitive and change it into:
So we have:
TRAVAILLER
Je travaillais Nous travaillions
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This goes for most of the verbs: refer to your vocabulary book for
the irregular ones.
This is the last tense we are going to have a look at and is very
easy.
You already know one by heart:
I would like = je voudrais.
But how do we get this? To form this tense, we take the stem of
the simple future (if you remember, in most of the case, this is the whole
infinitive), and add the endings of the imperfect tense.
Let’s take two examples.
First, a regular verb: “jouer”.
Future Imperfect
Subject Verb Conditional
tense ending
Je
Retourner
Tu
Descendre
Il/Elle/On
Rester
Nous
Sortir
Vous Arriver
Ils/Elles
Partir
Irregular verbs
Future Imperfect
Subject Verb Conditional
tense ending
Je
Aller
Tu
Avoir
Il/Elle/On
Faire
Nous
Etre
Vous
Aller
Ils/Elles
Faire
..............................................................................................................