Nama: Fatimatus Suhroh

NPM: 1911060305

Kelas: Biologi E

ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN INTERFERENCES

ACTIVITY 2

B. Make vocabulary list then find the meaning (take a look to the bold)

N VOCABULARY MEANING
O
Ecosystem is an ecological system formed by an inseparable
reciprocal relationship between living things and their
1. Ecosystem environment. Ecosystem can also be said to be a complete
and comprehensive unity structure between all elements of
the environment which influence each other.
Energy flow is a sequences of transferring energy from one
form of energy to another starting from sunlight and then to
2. Energy flow producers, to primary consumers, to high-level consumers,
to saprobes, energy flow can also be interpreted as the
transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next.
Chemical cycles describe a system of repeated circulation
3. Chemical cycles of chemicals among other compounds, states and materials,
and return to their original state, which occurs in space, and
in many objects in space including earth.
Inorganic Chemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies
the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. This
4. Inorganic includes all chemical compounds except those in the form of
Chemistry chains or rings of carbon atoms, which are called organic
compounds and are studied in organic chemistry.
Organic compounds are a large group of chemical
compounds whose molecules contain carbon, except
carbides, carbonates, and carbon oxides. The study of
5. Organic organic compounds is called organic chemistry. Many of the
 compounds organic compounds, such as protein, fat and carbohydrates,
are important components of biochemistry.
The biosphere is a global ecological system that unites all
6. Biosphere living things and their relationships, including their
interactions with the elements of the earth is lithosphere
(rock), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere (air).
The hydrosphere is a component of earth’s water. Quoted
the National Geographic Society, the hydrosphere is the total
7. Hydrosphere amount of water on a planet. The hydrosphere includes
water o the planets’s surface, underground and in the air. A
planet’s hydrosphere can take the form of liquid, vapor and
ice.
The lithosphere is the outermost solid part of the earth. The
8. Lithosphere lithosphere covers the top of the mantle and the earth’s crust,
being the outermost part of the earth’s structure.
Ecology is a branch of biology that studies the interactions
9. Ecology between living things and other living things as well as with
their surroundings.
10. Food sources Food sources are healthy food intake needed to support the
growth and development of living bodies.
Autotrophic organisms are organisms that can convert
11. Autotrophic inorganic material into organic (can make their own food)
organisms with the help of energy such as sunlight and chemical
energy.
Heterotrophs are organisms that require organic
compounds from which carbon is extracted for their growth.
12. Heterotrophs Heterotrophs are known as “consumers” or namely living
things that cannot make their own food in the food chain and
only obtain food dependent on others.
13. Photoautotrophs Photoautotrophs are organisms that can use light energy
sources to convert inorganic materials into organic
materials.
Producers are living things that can make their own food.
14. Producers Producers can also be said to be living things capable of
converting inorganic substances into organic substances.
Autotrophic bacteria are a group of bacteria that use CO2
15. Autotrophic as a carbon source and inorganic materials as a source of
 Bacteria energy for growth.
Chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more
molecules containing carbon and nutrients into organic
16. Chemosynthesis matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds or
methane as an energy source instead of sunlight as in
photosynthesis.
17. Oxidizing An oxidizing is a chemical species which undergoes a
chemical reaction in which it gains one or more electrons.
18. Synthesis Synthesis are integration of two or more existing elements
that produces a new result.
Consumers include organisms that are unable to make their
19. Consumers own food substances, and depend on other organisms to
meet their food needs.
20. Herbivores Herbivores, plant eaters, or lataboga in zoology are animals
that only eat plants and do not eat meat.
Carnivores, meat eaters, or animal species are living thigs
21. Carnivores that obtain the energy and nutrients needed from food in the
form of animal tissue, both as predators and scavengers.
22. Omnivores Omnivores, eaters of all things, or sarwaboga are species
that eat plants and animals as their main source of food.
23. Decomposers Decomposers are organisms that eat dead organisms and
waste product from other organisms.
24. Detritus Detritus is organic material that comes from falling
mangrove leaves that fall into the water and then decompose
to form a substrate for the growth of bacteria and algae,
which then becomes a food source for detritus-eating
organisms.

ACTIVITY 3

Excavate the reading passage by making 5W+1H Questions and rewrite the detail
information based on the questions!

1. What is the definition of detritus?

Detritus is the remains of dead organisms plus putrefactive bacteria and fungi.
2. Who gets energy by obtaining energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds such as
ammonia, nitrides, sulfides, and uses this energy to synthesize organic
compounds?
Autotrophic bacteria.

3. Why do ecologist consider the biosphere to be a global ecosystem?

Because most are aware that humans are part of the biosphere and human activities
affect all of its ecosystems.

4. When do energy flows and chemical cycles characterize ecosystems?

Both begin when algae and green plants capture a fraction of the sun’s energy and use
it to convert inorganic chemicals like carbon dioxide and water into organic
compounds that are used as food for themselves and for all other populations in a
ecosystem.

5. DDT is an insecticide that was first used during world War II in the Pacific to
eradicate malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Where is DDT found today?
DDT is found in every body of water on earth and in every human network.

6. How do to oceans moderate the earth’s temperature?

As surface temperatures rise, the oceans take up a lot of heat, and as the temperatures
cool, they slowly return heat to the atmosphere. This helps keep the temperature on
earth suitable for life.