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English Paper 1
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Stage 6
English_S6_01_INS/3RP
© UCLES 2020
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Text A
The human body is a mobile chemical factory. As in any factory, materials have
to enter it to be processed, or changed, into something useful. Food, as well as
water and oxygen, enters the body and goes through a series of complicated
chemical reactions called metabolism.
Metabolism produces energy which can be put to work in all kinds of ways so 5
that the human body can function properly. For example, it maintains body
temperature, helps to make new cells and permits humans to do things like run
and jump. At the end of the process any waste matter is expelled from the body.
The food you eat can be divided into several categories. The three main ones are
fat, carbohydrate and protein. Fat provides almost twice as much energy as 10
carbohydrate or protein. However, there are good fats and bad fats. Generally,
fat that goes solid at room temperature is bad, and fat that stays runny is good.
The ‘bad’ fats, or saturated fats, are the ones to avoid and are found in foods like
pizza, biscuits and crisps. The ‘good’ fats, or unsaturated fats, are better for the
body. They are present in foods like nuts, avocados, olive oil and fish, such as 15
salmon and tuna. Fat is essential for: the immune system (the body system
which helps fight against disease); keeping joints in working order; and healthy
hair, nails and skin.
There are two main types of carbohydrates – simple and complex. Simple
carbohydrates are known as sugars. They provide instant energy, but not energy 20
that lasts. It is much better to use a fuel that releases its energy slowly – and this
is where complex carbohydrates come in. They are found in food such as
wholemeal bread, nuts and oats. They provide a long-lasting source of energy.
Proteins are important to the body because they provide the ‘building bricks’ that
make new cells and repair or replace old ones. They are found in foods like 25
meat, fish, eggs and milk.
Text B
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© Bear Grylls; Living Wild; Reprinted by permission of the Random House Group Ltd; 2009.
© Denise Winterman; Future Foods: What will we be eating in 20 years time?; https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine/18813075
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.