ASSIGNMENT

Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Submitted to : Dr Asma
Mukhtar
Sumitted by : Anila Mushtaq
Roll no : bsf 1702125
Primary interference :-

• Degree of primary interference in determination of PGEs is in 10-6g/g(ppm) to 10-9(ppb)range.

• The most serious interference occur for determination of ruthenium in rhodium.
• The concentration of ruthenium in rhodium may 21 ppm.
• Primary interference are serious only if interfering elements are matrix and aiming elements are present in trace
constituents.
• For example, when Ruthenium is determined in Rh-rich mineral, the primary interference from rhodium is obvious.
• Primary interference will be minized in well thermalized neutron specteum.

Reactions:

23
Na + 1n → 20
F + 4He
24
Mg + 1n → 24
Na + 1H
Epicadmium neutrons :-

• Epicadmium neutrons are the neutrons of K. E greater than effective cadmium cut-off energy.
• Effective cut off energy depends upon resonance energy.
• Cadmium cut off energy is approximately 0.5eV.
• Epicadmium neutrons energy ranges from 0.5eV to 1eV.
• These neutrons are not absorbed by cadmium.
• To measure flux of secondary neutrons epicadmium neutrons of beam may also be scattered in Uranium
sample.