INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

• Please carefully read the instructions before you submit your answers.
• Please type your answers on a WORD DOCUMENT
• Please use ARIAL font, Size: 12 point and 1.5 spacing.
• You can only submit ONE DOCUMENT. You must combine all answers,
• figures, tables, and calculations into ONE DOCUMENT. If you have any handwritten
calculations or answers, scan or take a photo, and insert into the word file

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS - PLEASE READ VERY CAREFULLY

• CITATIONS AND REFERENCES: You should cite sources where appropriate
in your work, though this is not to be considered as coursework, and as such
it is not expected for you to include lengthy quotes and no formal reference
list is required. You may include references in footnotes which will not count towards the
word limit for the assessment and do not have to be OSCOLA compliant. For example,
references to academic texts need only indicate the author’s surname, title of work and year
of publication, e.g., Knight, Studying Law in the 21st Century, 2016.

• You are not required to provide full references for judgments in the main text or in
footnotes. When referring to CJEU cases, please use the citation style that you would adopt
in a normal two-hour summer exam. It is fine to use the case name without the case
number. For example, you do not need to write “Joined Cases C-267/91 and C-268/91,
Criminal proceedings against Bernhard Keck and Daniel Mithouard”. You can use the shorter
form, “Keck”, instead.

• WORD COUNT/LIMIT: The maximum number of words allowed for the whole
paper, i.e., for both of your answers together, is 2500 words. You can decide
how you want to split these 2500 words between your two answers. This word
limit CANNOT be exceeded. Text in footnotes does not count towards the
word limit. Footnotes must only contain references.
Question 1
What is the necessary degree of connection between a national measure and EU law that the
notion of “implementing” in Article 51(1) Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European
Union presupposes? Critically answer this question, taking into account the case law of the
CJEU

Question2
‘It is very simple to assert that national procedures and remedies shall ensure the effective
legal protection of rights based on EU law. It is very difficult to provide a consistent account
of what this in fact entails. The Court of Justice needs to adopt a more systematic and
principled approach’. Critically discuss this statement

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