Review of Related Literature and Study

This chapter represents different literature that has direct bearing and related to the topic

discussed. One form of abuse in children is the by motivating them to work or called child

labor. Child labor is a widespread phenomenon in the Philippines. According to a study ,about

child labor prepared by by the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), Region XII, the

most Filipino parents do not considered wrong the child labor.According to them, it is conducive

to the child because he learned ethics in doing or working while he was young. 

In the very first survey about child labor , aged 5-17, conducted by National Statistics

Office (NSO) in the Philippines, they found out that an estimated 3.6 million children are

laborer from August 1994 to July 1995. Another study on child labor showed that the children

who are working and studying at the same time was 84 % compared with 16 % of out of school

youth(Tan,et.al,1991). 

The Philippines also is one of the countries who trafficks international agreements and

convention that protects and take care the welfare of the children. Some of these are Convention

on the Right of the Child (CRC) and ILO Conventions 138 and 182, the Minimum Age

Convention and the Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention. 

In June 2001, Human Rights Watch reported that the Philippines is one of the countries in

Asia with children fighting in the war. They are encouraged by two major insargeant country

group, the MILF and the NPA. The Philippines has a dynamic civil society . Many private

organizations have established over four decades with the aim to help children. The academic

institutions as Ateneo de Manila University Human Rights Center – Adhikain para sa

Karapatang Pambata (AHRC -AKAP) often conducts seminars for providing information for
people concerned with the affairs of children. The majority of international agencies with an

active presence in our country are under  the operation system of the United Nations (UN). These

include United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Childrens Fund

(UNICEF), the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Labor

Organization. With these international agencies, only two have great programs for children. It is

the UNICEF and ILO. The latter has a project called Children in situations of Armed Conflict

(CSAC). The CSAC aims to provide primary and psychological services to children.Meanwhile,

the first aims a specific program that promotes the loss or eliminate of child labor around the

world -International Program or The Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC).

Under our Philippine Constitution has stated that laws concerning the rights of

children. It isbetter known as Special Protection of Children Against ChildAbuse, Exploitation 

and Discrimination Act or Republic Act 7610,any violation of these laws is a kind of relatively

child abuse.The following are the types of abuse:

Physical abuse -Physical assault classified as mangling, hitting, kicking, or any other that

may harm or damage to the child. Such pain is the result of being strict and physical

punishment. This is cruel physical punishment that requires medical treatment is not normally

considered discipline to the child. 

Neglect -Child neglect is the failure to meet the basic needs of the child. The neglect can result in

three ways: first is the physical, secondly the educational, third is emotional. Along with the

physical neglect or refusal to delay the child's health, abandoned support, without proper

management and refusal to return the child home in case it ever runaway. The neglect of

education is the failure to send the children in school and providing the necessary education. 

Emotional neglect -is allowing the use of drugs or alcohols in children and the refusal or failure
to provide psychological care for children. 

Sexual abuse -This includes a wide range of behavior, playing sensitive part of the body of the

child, having sexual relations, and rape,and prostitution or the production of pornographic

material. 

Emotional Abuse -Reception contained the act or mission of parents or other person responsible

child care that brings the culture, cognitive, emotional or mental deficiency. This is the hardest

kind of child abuse. 

Sexual Exploitation-The children, women or men involved in sexual intercourse caused by need

of money or because of the influence of adults to children in the path of prostitution and sexual

abuse. 

Child Trafficking -This is the purchase or sale of the children with money or other consideration

or exchange. 

Child Labor -It is the young fifteen (15) years of age who are forced to work for money. The

work that may cause danger to life, health and normal development of the child. 

Long-abandonment -Failure to provide the needs and support the child in six consecutive months

without a concrete reason is relatively child abuse.

The Different effects of Child Abuse in Health and Thinking:

1. Bigger the chance you have difficulty breathing or respiratorydisease.

2. Can lead to death

3.Low levels of nutrition

4.Susceptible to infectious diseases

5.Danger or risk to physical health

7.Anti-social norms
8.Education

9.Loss or reduction of educational opportunities

10.Increasing opportunities to leave, stop learning and ignorance or non-knowledge to

read and write.

Conclusion 

Based on the findings in the study, the following conclusions are presented. 

1. The abuse of children refers to the wrong treatment or bad treatment of children. 

2. Some of the reasons about abuse children because their parents have become victims

themselves , lack parents who control commits their emotions so they did not do well with their

children, and because too high parental expectations for their children. 

3. The young victims of abuse will affect on their physical, mental and emotional aspects. In 

physical, children develop fears of those around them because they do not know if they 

will hurt them or not. 

4. The young victims of abuse exhibit unusual bruises on the body, damage 
genitals, showing fear of people to abuse them and makes their own world. 

5. There are three types of abuse: physical, educational and emotional. Along with the physical

neglect denial or delay child health, support aabandona, without proper management and a

refusal to return children at home in case this voyage. The neglect of education is the frustration

that the child entered school. And emotional neglect is the refusal or failure to provide

psychological care for children. 

6. The right of every young Filipinos include right to life, have a name 

and nationality. He is also right to be free and have a caring family to protect him speak. 

Also, he should have good education uipang madebelop his potential and talent, have 

adequate food, shelter, healthy and active body. He should also have instances or opportunities

to play and leisure. A child must be given protection against abuse, danger and violence 

caused by war or conflict. More children's rights which is protected and enforced by government.