Heitor Villa-Lobos (March 5, 1887 – November 17, 1959) was a Brazilian composer, described

as "the single most significant creative figure in 20th-century Brazilian art music". Villa-Lobos
has become the best-known South American composer of all time. A prolific composer, he
wrote numerous orchestral, chamber, instrumental and vocal works, totaling over 2000 works
by his death in 1959. His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and by stylistic
elements from the European classical tradition, as exemplified by his Bachianas Brasileiras
(Brazilian Bachian-pieces). His Etudes for guitar (1929) were dedicated to Andrés Segovia, while
his 5 Preludes (1940) were dedicated to Arminda Neves d’Almeida, a.k.a. "Mindinha." Both are
important works in the guitar repertory.

Bachianas Brasileiras No. 2, for orchestra, A. 247 (1930)

1. Preludio (O canto do capadócio)

2. Aria (O canto da nossa terra) (7:03)

3. Dansa (Lembranca do sertão) (12:26)

4. Toccata (O trenzinho do caipira) (17:47)

Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra conducted by Jesús López Cobos

Description by Joseph Stevenson [-]

Among the Heitor Villa-Lobos's first actions on arriving back in Brazil, after living in Paris for 13
years, was to announce that he had discovered a link between Brazilian music and the great
timeless qualities of the melodies of Johann Sebastian Bach, and would demonstrate them with
a series of works called Bachianas Brasileiras. This composition quickly followed. It is scored for
a small orchestra of ten wind instruments, a standard string section, piano and celesta, and a
percussion section of standard instruments and four native Brazilian rattles (ganzá, chocalhos,
matraca, and recoreco). It is the most popular of all the eight purely instrumental Bachianas
Brasileiras and is one of the rare pieces in the series that includes descriptive music. Here Villa-
Lobos describes scenes of the Brazilian countryside and its people. (As usual in the Bachianas
series, Villa-Lobos provided dual titles, one stating the name of a form known to Bach and the
other identifying its Brazilian characteristic.)

"Prelúdio; O Canto do Capadocio." The first movement is a lovely and insinuating Adagio with a
somewhat faster (Andantino mosso) central dance-like section. The Brazilian title means "The
Song of a Capadocio." "Capadocio" is the name of a popular published guitar method that was
widely taught in Brazil. It also meant a musician, a kind of slacker who would sing, woo the
women, and generally float through life with his music and love. Villa-Lobos transcribed this
movement for cello and piano (A. 251 in Appleby's catalog).

"Aria; O Canto da Nossa Terra." Not unexpectedly, a Bachian melody that some have compared
to the aria sections of Bach's cantatas dominates this movement. The Brazilian title means "The
Song of Our Land." It opens in the tempo "Lento assai." It is in a three-part form, with a "Tempo
di marcia" in the middle. This has a pulsing rhythm driven by the piano and melody primarily
given to the saxophone.

"Dansa; Lembrança do Sertão." Villa-Lobos, who loved the mid-range instruments of the
orchestra, gives the flowing dance melody to the trombone over a fluent rhythm in the strings.
There is a more assertive dance rhythm in the central section. The title means "Memories of the
Sertão," the hot, dry northeastern region of the country.

"Toccata; O trenzinho do Caipira." This is the famous "Little Train of the Caipira," and the
composer's full array of percussion is held back until this concluding movement to portray the
creaking and puffing of this stalwart back-country "little engine that could." It is irresistible, fun
music. While its bright rhythms attract attention, the listener soon realizes that the train's
melody is extraordinarily beautiful.