Ad 8 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cu Giay, HN Ta (64-4) 37564258 Fax: (4-4) 38961556 Website: winutomintocorgm This Cony has been made by Information ' Center tor ‘Standantis, Metrology and Gualtty ee KHAO SAT CHO XAY DUNG NGUYEN TAC CO BAN HA NOL 992Co quan bién soan: VIEN NGHTEN CUU KHOA HOC THUY LOI. BO THUY Lot Tha trudng ct quan: NGUYEN THANH NGA - GIAO SU Cha nhiem ae tai NGUYEN THANH - GIAO SU - TIEN Si Nguoi thye hién NGUYEN HUY PHUONG - PHO TREN si THAI VAN DINH - KY SU Co quan trinh duyet: VIEN TIEU CHUAN HOA XAY DUNG Tha trudng co quan NGO TAO - VIEN TRUONG - KY SU Co quan xét duyat va ban hanh: UY BAN XAY DUNG CO BAN NHA NUOC Thi trudng ca quan: D6 QUOC SAM - CHU NHIEM - GIAO SU Quyét dinh ban hanh SO; LUBXD NGAY 7 THANG 2 NAM 1987TIEU CHE AN-MHEE NAM ———— s ary ‘Add: 8Hoeng QuocViel,C2U° hom HY KHAO SAT CHO XAVI. NGUYEN TAC CO BAI | This copy has been made by {nformati HEPA NoHCKANNA EnginentesinStonigrdirietrotogy and Qu: quis ervourerscTRa BasicTmes——} et hiiew Inte tit: 01.01.88 OcHopHHe monomer 1. NGUYEN TAC CHUNG 1.1. Tigu chudin nay quy dinh nhimg yeu chu chung cho cfc loai cng tée khAo sét trhe dia, dia chit cong trinh va kth/ tuong thiy wan dé xAy dung méi, md rong hose Ai tao nha, cOng trink Khi khao sét ngudn cung efip music (dung nude dudi dat va nite mat), vat Hieu xAy dung, cai tao thé mhudng, dia thuc vat, vé sinh phong bénb v.v.. ngoAi viée tun tho cae quy dinh trong teu chutin nay con phai thue hién theo cfc tiéu chufin vA quy pham Khao sat cin cée chuyén nganh tyong ine. 1.2, Cong tae khao 6ét phuc va cho xhy dung ea ban (gol tht IA cng tHe Khao wat xAy dung) 1 cong téc nghi6n eu vA dénh gid tong hop diéw kien thién nhién ca vimg (dia diém) xay dung, nhAm thu thap nhiing 66 ligu c&n thiét ve dia hinh, din mao, dia chat, din chat thiy van, dia chat cong trinh, cae qué trinh va hign twong dia chat vat ly, khi thuang thiy van. dé Jap duce cde giai php ding dam vB ky thot va hop ly nhat v® kinh 6 khi thiét ke, xay dung nha vA cong trinh; ding thai du doan Auge nhing bin déi cin moi trudng thién nhién xung quanh dvdi tie dong cin vige xAy dung va sit dung nha, cong trinh 1.3, Nhaing cong viée sau day khong thuée noi dung ciia chng tée khao sét xy dung: giai phong Aft dé xay dung, dibu tra ky thuat, vA do dac nha, cong trinh hign c6, lap ca s8 tr&e dia & thuc dia dé phue vu cho xAy dyng, dua thiét ké ra thc dia, do vé hoan chng, quan tric su bién dang cin nha vi cong trinh trong qué trink xay dung va ail dung chting. Tuy vay eo quan khAo sat duge phép thy hien cde cong bic nay theo hop dong riéng voi cho diu tw (0 quan dat hing) 1.4. Cong tae khao st xay dung phai duae tién hinh theo giai doan, tung ting véi ede gini doan thiet KE nha va cong trinh theo quy dinh hin hinh; dng that c6 xét din mite do da nghién edly. mite do phitc tap cia ditu kien thién nhil nha, cong trinh xty dung. Ln viing (dia dim) xay dung, eing nbwt cOng dung vA quy mo cia 1.5. Che ea quan khio sit, khao sét thist ke thube ec BO, nganh Trung uang vA dia phutong do Chi tich Hoi dong Bo trudng hoac Chi tich tly ban nhan dan tinh, thanh phé true thude Trung wong ra quyét dinh thanh lap duce phép ti@n hinh cae Ioai cbng tae khAo sat xay dung, Ge ea quan nghién eviu, dao tao od Hien quan dén dite tea ed han ching dutar tién hAnh ose Loni ‘cong tée khAo sft xAy dung, nhung phai tan theo cfc quy dinh cia tiéu chun, quy pham khio sft. xhy dyng vA cic che d6 chink sfch hien hanh 1.6. Noi dung. khdi hing, yeu chy ky thnat déi vai ching Hie hae sit cho timp dang cone trink 105‘Trang 2/29 TCVN 4419 - 87 vay dung (dan dung, cong nghiép, giao thong van s8i, uhsiy lai) dvse quy dink trong efe tiéu chun v& quy pham khdo sit cla chuyén nganh tong ing, Gic ev quan khAo sft, khdo sat thigt ke duge phép thuc ign nhiing losi cong téc Khao sat dae bigt phye vy cho vige xdy dung vA si! dung nba, cong trlni theo hop ddng ring, 4.7. Ohl duoc phép thuc hi¢n cfe dang cong tae khAo sAt cho xfy dung khi od day di ote vain ban sa: Yeu edu ky thuat oda cong téc khAo sat, gidy php cap dat xay dyng vA gidy phép Khao sat do chi du tut giao: | Phitang dn ky thuat va dy toda chi phi khdo sit-do ca quan Khao eat lap; - Hop dong khdo est do co quan khao sét va cht dau tw ky két theo quy dink bien hanb Gha thich: Chi ddu tod tréch nhi¢m gidi quyét c&c thé tye cn thidt voi ede eo quanhita quan trade khi ky hgp dng khao sit 1.8. You cau ky thuat oie cong tae khdo ast do chil dhu tu gino phai lap cho tat cd ede dang cong tie khao st, Chi thich: Chi du tw phi chuyén gino cho co quan khao sit tat cA tai ligu hign od v8 dite ign thign nhién cia vimg (dia diém) xay dung da nghien odu vA khido sit truée day, 4.9; NOt dung you cu ky thuat cia cong tée khAo at gm: -'Ten d6i tuong xAy dvng; = mue dich khito sat cdc dang cong tic khto sat dy kign; - Vj tri va rank gigi ofa viing (dia diém) xay dung, hose so dd téng mat bAng cba cong trinh xy dung, = Gini dogn thist ke; = Cong dung vA loai nha, cong trinh xay dung; Dac diém két cu va nhiing thong s6 chink cin nha va cong trinh thigt ké (ké c& phAn ngam cla chéng), eGing nh ete phuong 4n ed kha nang b6 trl - tAL trong te ddng lon mdng vA cfc loal tae dong dv kién; = DQ eno san nén; = Loai mong du kién, kich thude va chitu sau dat ming; = DO bign dang (lun, trugt, nghiéng) cho phép cia nén nha vA cong trinh “Dc dim xay dyng va sit dung nha, cong trink cs thé 1am cho dieu kign thién nhién bj bién dé), kké ca nhtng 86 ligu ¢® tde dong cba cde ySu t6 nhan sinh, nguda phét sinh bén ngép, thank phan vA iehoi Iugng chatt chai cua xi nghigp nha méys = Nhang yeu c&u dec biet v8 mute do chinh xée di vai eong tae Khao sat vA mule dd day.dil cla che ti ligu khdo sat thu nhan duce _-Thdt han va tinh tit giao nop bao cao KY thuat va ee tai Hieu Ihde; «Kom theo you cu ly thuat cia cong tae khao sat pha eg ede ban v8 hose sa db cRn thist, Chi thich: ‘Truting hop cAn thiét, trong yeu chu ky thuat khé sat phat trinh bay ro ahiem vu Ikhao sAt vat lidu xay dung vA kehdi lugng vat lieu en cho xAy dung. 110, Yeu cou ky thugt cla cdng tie Khao sat phai do co quan thiét ké lap, nhhm evng ofp nhiing 106 -TOWN 4419 - 87 Trang 3129 a6 ligu ban dds chin thigt 46 e9 quan khao sft pidi quyét dang dfn va hep ly cAc nhfem vy Khao sét chi yeu, : Déi véi cong trinh phite tap va quan trong, chng tinh b6 trl @ nhting nol es dieu Rien thien nnhitn phite tap thi yév chu ky thugt etn cong téc khAo sat phai lan cho timg glai doan tht ke. Chi thich: You edu kp thuat khio sAt khong phi: hgp véi ofe tity chufin va quy pham vB thigt : Ké va Khao sét, khong di tai Higu chn thie. dé xéc dinh chinh xée vi tri tin hank Khao sét va nOi dung, khéi long cong the khao sAt, thi co quan khao sat e¢ quyn di nghi v6i chi du tw va oo quan thiét ke bs sing cho ding yeu cu, 1.11. Trong tht gian ehugn bj 60 quan kha sth ‘Thu thap, phén tlch vA téng hop tai leu da 6 ve diBu kien thién nbién eiia ving (dia diém) kao sft: - Khio oft khei quat ngoai hign trutng (din di = Lap phuong &n kg thust, dy todn chi ph Khao s6t. vA tin dé thi cong; ign nhdng cong téc sau: im) xhy dung (trong trudng hgp clin thist); Xét duyet phuong dn kp thuat; + Ky bet hap ding Khao eA; = T8 chive cfc don vi thi cong (doin dai, 6 nhs) 1.12. Dye vio yeu chu kp thuat khfo aft do chi du tu giao, co quan khdo a6t tién hinb lép phuong én kg thua Kho sat Khi lop phitong dn kp thudt khao sét phai sit dung dén mic t6i da nhting tai lieu da nghién eu, Ikhdo edt true day va cdc tai ligu khée vb didu kien thien nhién cia ving (dja di€m) Khao eat. Chi thfch: Néu nhing tai ligu thu thap duge chua di dé lap phuong én kf thud Khao eét, thh co quan Khao edt phai tin hinh Khao sat khat qudt: ngokt Gigi) du kign xhy dung dé thu thAp nhag 12% iow cde this 1.18. Phuong én k¥ thust khéo sét do ea quan khéo sAt lap trén co e¢ yeu cRu ke thuat va qui dinh trong cfc tieu chun, quy pham v® khdo sft thiél k€ xéy dung; dng thot phAi xét 161 ket qua phan Heh ede t€i liga thu thep duge vi ede HAI lieu khan sét kha quat (néu ed), Phugng An ky thus Ikhdo 41 phai duge chit daw tu nh tri va duge xét duyét theo quy dink hien hanb Ghd thick: Khi khAo sAt cho xAy dung nha vi cng brink whi, véi kh6 Krong Khas ét khang Von, ducge phép lap nhiém vu ke thus sin xut thay cho phuong én kj thuat khie sat, nhvng phai duige cho daw tw nh trl 1.14. Noi dung cba phuong én kF thu8t khio sat phai gOm: = en d6i tuong xy dying va vi tr dia Ij, hah chinh ein net + Kh6i quat dae dim dia ly te nbien ve dita Jn nhién ede ving (din hin, kf hau, Hy yan, che qué teinh va hign tvong thien nhién 4 Hol) Anh hung tol vies £6 chite vA thi cong ofc loa! cong tae Khao aA; -‘Tink hinh nghign cd ciia viing (din dim) khAc sat vA ket qua phan tich nhiing tat ceding nhu kién nghj v® viéc svt dung ching; = Lutn ching vé mite do phite tap cia dibu kien thién nbién ving (dia diém) Kehao sat va vb ni dung, kh6i lvong, phuong phap va trink ty thu hin che dang cong tie khao sit; ~Lugn chiing v8 vi trf va dién tfch eh tien han ting loai cong te kao sét riéng bigt; on tl 1 hen 6. = Yu edu vb vige béo ve tal nguyén vA moi truting thién nhién khi thuc hién cfc dang cong t4c khao sat. 107 -‘Trang 4/20 TCVN 4419-87 che thick 1. Noi dung, thoi wong, phuong php vA Frlnb ty thue hign cfc loni cong tée kha sét duge xe dinh dyn vAo yeu edu ea ede tid chudn vA quy pham vB khéo sat cla ing chuyon nginh xAy dung, ed {lah dén cong trink, giai doan thigt ie, diém toh Khao sit mize d9 aghien city, mic do phic lap ea didu kien thien nhlén. 2, Dua vAo ke qua khdo At ngodi tri, ea quan khAo att ed quyén thay dBi, b6 sung va éhink xe hoa phucing An ky thodt khdo aat da duge xéb duy@t nhAm nang cao chat twong tat lieu v8 rit nygdn thdt gian khAo sit nhiing phai duge cha du tw nhs tf 1.18, Chi duge lap dye tofn chi phf khdo sit sau khi da ed phuong dn ky thual Khao sat. Dyn vao noi dung va khoi Ivang ede dang cong tie khto st ghi trong phuong An ky thuat dé tinh tofn chi ph khdo sat, Khf lap dus tosin chi ph{ cho timg dang cong tac khao sat riéng biét phai si dung he thong dink mie kinh & ky thuat va dan gid khdo sat théng nhAt cho cte dang cong tac khao sat xay dung, eo Unk dén he 96 ditu chink hop ly. Ritng nhing dang cong tc khOng o6 quy dink trong tap don gid thing nbAt thi chi phi Khao sat duge xc dinh bing each tinh thyc chi hoe bang céch tink teong bu. Gang phu phuong dn Ky thudt khdo sAt, du todn chi phi khdo sét phai dutge cha du tt nhat tr. 1.16. Phuong dn ky thudt khdo sat va bing dy tofn chi phi khao sit IA hai taf ligu ca ban ding dé ky két hop ddng khdo sat v4i chi dau tu. Hop dong khéo at phai duge ky két theo diing quy dink hién hinh. 1.17. Co quan khdo eat khong duce phép thye hin cao dang cong tic khAo sat ngoal hien truong khi thigu mt trong ede van bin sau: phuong dn ky thudt khdo sft hode nhiém vu ky thuat san xuat (ihi kh6i lung cong the khdo sat It), hop dong khéo sit, gidy phép ciip dat xay dung, gidy phép khéo sét va du tofin chi phi khao sat. ‘Tritsng hop dac biet, khi ec quyét dinh eta Nha nudc v8 vige khao sat thiét ké oOng trinh gin nit, 66 thé tin hanh khdo sAt khi chwa eo day di cde van ban trén. 1.18, Khi thyc hign cae dang cong tie khdo sAt phai Ap dung rong rai tign bo ky thuat (phuong phép khdo sét tin tin, thiét bi may mec hign dai) dé dim bao nang cao nang suat lao dong va chat Igng t8i igs, rat ngdn thai gian khAo sat. 1.19. Trong qué teinh thue hign efe dang cong tae khio sat, eo quan khAo sit phti chap hanh nghlém chin cée quy dinh yéu cRu v8 hao hd Ino dong, k# thuat an toiin va vé sinh cong nehip. 1.20. Co quan khao sat phai tha thudn vai chii dat, vi ed quan qnan I¥ cong trinh cdng cong vA véi cg quan hitu quan khde vé thoi gian va vi trf Ligh hal cic dang cong tae Khao sit. Co quan khao sit cong phai thong bao cho cae eo quan hdu quan va kha nang od thé lam Anh huding dén sy hot dng bink thuting ca ho trong qué trinh thuc hign eric dang cong tdc khdo sat va ‘vt nhiing bign phép aham dam bAo cho odng tc khao sat duge tin hanh Binh thuidng va an todn, 1.21. Trong qué trinh cong tac ngoai hign trump, ert quan khAo sat phai thuc hién day di toan bo Khoi Ivong cong tée dA duge quy dinh trong phucing dn ky thuat khao sAt vA thye bign mot phAR cong tde th nghiém trong phing cing nh cdng tae chinh ly tai liéu da thu thap duige mba kigm tra chat lugng, mite do ddy dé va dg chinh xée eta cae dang obng tc 4 ngont hien trutng, 1.22. Ca quan kthto sét ed quy’n chan ede eft méa trAc dia, khonn dao eae eéng trink tham db vA tiga hanh ede dang cong tic phu tre khvic (lam duding tam thal, don mat bang thi cdng, phat quang dutng ngdn viv...) dé dim bao thuc hién day di khdi Iwang cong tic khao sat dA quy dish trong = 108 -TCVN 4419 - 87 Trang 5/29 phuong én ky thust. 1.28. Trong qué trinh cong tée ngoai hién triting eo quan Khdo st phat st dung hop hi (#8 nguyén va bao vé moi trvbng thign nhien xung quanh Co quan ikhao sét ch! duge phép é6n vA chat chy rung Khi ed gify phép clin eo quan Kiém Jam han dan, do chi du tu giao. ‘Trudmg hop do tin hah cong tée khAo sAl lam cha lop dtt.trdng bi ph hay thi ec quan Kho st 6 tréch mhitm dn bd hote edi tao, phvc hbi chat Ait d& né thé Hep tuc sit dung lop dét by Go quan khéo sét of tréch nbiem bio ve mang In6i cong trinh kg thut cbng cong vA o&e cong trinh xy Ayng’khde ed & trong ving (dia diém) khAo nA 1.24. Trong qué trinh thi cong. oo quan Khao eat phai Chuting xuyen tin Ranh ibm fra vA nghigm thu két qua cOng vige da thu hien. M6i Tan kiém tra vA nglgm thy dbs pHAT Jey Bien ban theo vabu quy dinh, din gié mde do dhy di we chAt hzang efe tie Hieu dA thy thap duige, Dat val The kim tra 7h nghidm thu cui cing (khi k&t thie cOng tac thi cOng O ngobi hin trong), com phal dénh ea ade df dby di vb cht. lvgng cia tt ch che tA Tien dA thu thp dude d6 ef thé cho phép tiém Ranh cone the chinh ly tai lige va lap béo cao ky thuat 1.95. Chi dau tu (e6 thé mbi eo quan thiet ke, ea quan ckp dat vk ca quan ep gifty phém Khao ast on quytn kiémn ton vige thy hin ofe lai cing te khho eA noni hid trwtng vA chat Ing (RI eH {da thu thap duge whung khdng diige cf tra hent dong ake xual cin co quan Khho et, Trane qué trink itm, tea etn t6 chive tran dsi thong tin Rita ce quan Khao sat vai eo quan kim tra nhAm thie is cong tic khfo oft tin hank duge nhanb, hep hy, chink xhe v8 ré hen 1.26. Tyong thai gion lam wige & trong phong, ed quan Khao sAt phai ket thie ehng te thi nghiem trong phong, chinh Iy 483 ligu va 1p bao eto 1.27. Ton bo tai lig khdo eft eva mot cong tinh hay mol giai doan khAo eat phi duce +4ne hop than béo edo kp thugt (nhitng KEL luda), trong ds phat cung cp 66 lity eBn thie a6 lap thiet. ke vn dy todn cho giai doan thist Ké tong dng; dng thdi phai de aust nbiing Kién nghi ve viee su IF non indng cong trinh xfy dung, v8 ow dung hep If thf nguyén thin nbién, bdo ve mo frag Xun quanh 46 céc ed quan of lien quan lwv ¥ khi thigh ké xay dung va at dung nha, cong trinb 1.28. Noi dung va hinh thet béo cho kF Ehud (ket Ivan) khAo shi phai dim ho yeu chy ein tes chon nay va cfc t6u chusin, quy pham khao sét chuyén agink twang tng, dong thot phAl duge kiém tra, x6t duyot theo quy dinh hién han. : 1.20. Rao ofo ke thual (két lug) Kido AAt pha giao noy cho chit hu tx thee: Ang: HOH glam dk quy dinh trong hop ding khto sAt, dng thi phai pian nop cho ce quan efi gif phe Rhfo eft va che Cyc liu tri ky thutt ‘Trung wong theo ding quy din hign hanh iif ch tai Higu ge dung dé I8p béo edo kp Uhuat (KEL IuBn) Khao sé pha disor Iu i efi Ehan theo quy dinb hign hanb, Chit thick: L. ‘Theo yeu chu oi chi dhu tu, hfo cao Ae thugl (ket Tugm? Khao sft cot thé Aver thanh lap cho timg dang céng t&e kha eft, cho ting cong. trink xay dung rieng Piet hay he titng gin’ doan Khao sft nh&t dink, nhuing phai cs hi trong hep dong Khte sat 2, Nhitng tat few g6e hoae tai fiw da duce cbinh KF nkummg Khong dun who hbo eho KE UnuAl (ket Iudin) khdo sAt thi khong chu phai gine n6p cho chi du tt — 1410‘Trang 6/29 TCVN 4419. 87 1.30, Néu gita cv quan Khao sét v4 cha diu ty evi & kid bAL dong v8 e€e vfin dB ky thuat khong Ml quydt diege thl phai you cu hoi dag ky thugt chuygn nganh (tham chi déu hol dng trong tt ‘Trang vdng) glial quyét nhting bét ddng dy. Pha co quan sai pham phai chiu moi phi tén trong qua tein xét xit va phat bdi thudng thigt hai do ho gay ra. 2, KHAO SAT TRAK CDNA 2.1, Cong the khio sét tréc dia duge tifn hanh dé nghién edu dieu kien din bnh eda viing (dia iii) xay dizmg va thu thép nhing 48% ligu va 96 Ligy tre dia dia blnk eAn thiét phus ve cho thist ke nha, cong trinb va cde dang cong tide khdo aA kh. 2.2. Noi dung edi cong tée khao ait trhe dja gm: _Thu thap vii phn tfch nhing tai lieu ve tre dja - din hlnh, dia vat da e6 & viing (dia dim) xty ayngs = Khao st kat quat 4 hign trudng; Xay dung (phat tridn) wot tec din NHA nude hang 9 va 4 146t Khéng ch6 do v6, 1w6i thiy chan beg I, 1M va IV: = Lap ludi tre dia do ve mat bing va d9 cao; = Do v6 dia hinh, khi cln thiét chup anh hang khong; + Chiah bien ban a6 dia hin; = do vé he thdng cong trinh ky thuat ngdon, lap lu6i khéng ché trée dia cia cde cong trinh dang tuyén; «= thye tan cée cong tac khto sét tre dja phuc vy cho Khao sét dia chit edny trink, khAo sft kh! tugng thiy vai v8 cde dang Rhdc #4 Kh4é, ké cd cong tac quan trke trée dia dac biet; = Thue hign cde cong tée v8 ban a. 2.8, Yeu cau ky thuat cia cong téc khdo sét tre dia duoc lap theo quy dinh 6 digu 1.9 eta tiew chudn may va c&n bé sung them: che $6 liga v3 he thong toa do va do cao; - ede a6 ligu v8 ranh gidi ving etn do v6, e6 tinh dén he théng cOng trink ky thud ng dy kien xay ding: = TY 18 do va va khoding cno dw 24, Mie do cn thidt cia cong the khdo s4t khéi quat 8 hién trudng ving (dia diém) say dung phy thuge vo 36 lugng tai litu tréc dja dia hinh hign o6 va ket qua phan teh nhiing tai lige ay Cée ket qua phan tch IAI ligu trd dia di o6 vA khdo sAt khdi quat & hien truting phal duge sir dung é6 I9p phwong An kg thuat khao sAt trée dia, 2.5. Phuong dn kj thuat khAo sat trfie dia duge thinh lap edn dm bilo yeu ck neu d cfc 41.9; 1.19;1.18; 1.14 ca teu chusin nay vA phi bé sung nbting noi dung sau: a9 dd todn khu vue ed ranh gidi viing can do vé va phn mank ban &; che 56 ligu v8 he théing toa do va exo 0; -1o-729 “tugn chiing cfc dang va hang (ofp) lu6l tric dia vb thiy chutin, eke phvong én thiet ke IuGi vk ay tinh do chin xéc cia ching: “ ugn chitng cha vige chon ty Ie do v8 Khong exo dw (néu nhut chdng Khong phu hep vol nhiom wo kg tha); «eg 88 kg thudt va phuong phép thi cong due ap dung: “ban ve eile mée trhe dia dae bi6t (nu nhit 86 chon exe oat mée 8) cong the do néi céc cong trinh khai dio vA cfe diém tham da khAcy Jutn ching v® vies tién hank ofe cfg lac tric din dia hinh dBc Bigt do cde cone bic Khao At khde you chu. ‘trong phong An ky thot khAe aft trfc din phai xfe dioh Phin phan vA kh Wvomg cn ee cong tae 8 ngodi hign trung va trong phing. c& xét dfn ket gud cia cong tAe tric din dn thu Wien trude dty vd dim bio yeu eRu ci cfc quy pham do vé din hinh hign bank, 2.6, Chl thanh lop phucong dn kg thuht kha At. tre dja dia hinb ki do we wing es dién teh I6n ham 50 ha hose tuyén xhy dving aki han 26km. Dei vbi cong trinh es aign tich ekn de ve nhé hom 60-ha hoge tuyén et chu dA Auél 26km cht can Ip nhiem vy sin xuét thay cho phuong An kp thudt; nhung née cong trink quan trong thi cang phai ldp phuong an ky thuat 2:7, ebé dim eva 1u6i khong ché tréc dia Nha nube hose 1u6i thay chusfin vA Iwat kh6ng che do ve trfe dia Ia co 88 tréc dia a8 do v6 dia hink ing ch6 trfe dia Nha nude hang 9 va 4. 1bi kh6ng ché trde dia tang ky ep Weng ae did cba Iu UD dlge ¥ée dinh bhng ede phuong phép 1u6t tam gine do géc, Iu6i tam gide do canh, a chuydn hode két hep gia eée phuong php dé Che diém eta Iu6i thoy chatin heng IT, IIT vA TV duoe xés dink bang phuong php do thay chufn hilnh hoe. Che diém cba lu6i khdng eh do vé dude xéc dinh bing ofc phuong phap dubng chaytn Kink vl Iwi tam gle nhd do géc, 1w6i tem ge nha do combs luéi dum chuyBn vi Ket hap gO che pheong, php fy voi nhau; hode bing phuong phap giao hoi trée dia va 6 trl dud tray thay chun kg thuat 2.8. Khi chng tée khéo st tebe dia cdn hao dim 66 chinb xe ral ono tht phil lap Iu6i trke die chuyen ding vA phai thuyét minh r6 trong phitong.4n hg thuat khbo aa trde ein 2.9. Cong the chon mG tric dia phat dam ban ede yeu chu trong quy phar do w# ban dp din hinh 916 1 : 6000 dén 1 : 600 do Cuc do da va Ban di) Nh nic bam Ranh wR guy pham vb khao sft tré&e dia dja hinh cho cfc dang xéy ding chuyén npanh 2,10, Cae di6m tre dja 06 dinh (c6t tee vA Wim mie oa Lub tam ge do a6, Wu tam RA do canh va lui dung truyBn; dy m6e eb che diém thoy chusns JB dae chon mdr trong. aus teinh khao sét phi duge ban ian cho Uy han Nhan dan Tink, ‘Thanh phi hove chil dh fw quan ly. Khi ban giao phai lop bién bin theo méu quy dinh 2.41. Kni tién hand Kho sat trie din phAi si dung He do ve va Khong eno du nhue gus din? bang 1Trang 8/29 TCVN 1419 - 87 Bang t Ty le dove ‘hokng eo ean fm) 1: 10.000 B21 16.000 5205 ,4 1: 2.900 150.5 1: 1.000 1,05 1: 600 14,9,5 Cha thich: 1. Do vd bin dd dia hinh ty 16 1 : 200 véi khodng cao dBu 0,6 vi 0,26m chi tién hinh hi cin lap ban d® dia hinh ca céc khu vue ring biét trong xl nghiép cong nghiep va olin che dudng ph6 (nga tu dutdng, ché cd dudng vudt...) e nhidu he thong cong trinh ky thuat gam, 2. Khi do ve bin 40 dia hinh ty 18 1: 6.000 den 1 + 600 duge phép sit dung khodng cao eu 0,25m, nhung phai thuyét minh x6 trong phutong An ky thuiat IehAo SAt trée dja. 43, Khi cn thigt duge phép tang ty Ie cae ban dd dia hinh ty 18 1: 10.000, 1: 6.000, 1 2.000, 1 : 1.000 va 1 : 500 thanh ede ban d® ed ty 18 tang ing: | : 5.000, 1 : 2.000, 11.000, 1 : 600 va 1: 200, Vige chon ty 10 do vé va khoting cao du phai xét dn yéu cRu ota cfc quy pham va kho sét cho cde dang xty dung twang ing va phai can ci vao muc dich sit dung cba ban dB, loa aha vA cong trinh, aint dogi thigt ke mat do ca he thdng cong trink kp thuat ng&m, dae didm eta viing (dja dim) xty dung, mie do trit phu cia lanh thd, didu kign thién nhién va dae didm dia hinh eda ving (dja diém) xty dyng. 2.12, Ban d® dia hinh duse do vé bing cée phuong phap dam béo yeu cdu cia ede tBu chudn va guy pham v@ khao sat xay dyng. Nhitng phuong phaip dé 18: = phyong phap do vé anh Igp thé; phuohg phép phi hep - phutong phép ban dac; - phttong phép todn dec; - phuong phép kinh vi chyp &nh; « phuong phap do v6 mat bang; ~phuong phap do ve mat duing (6 cao) va cfc phutong phap khde, ké cd két hap giita cde phucng phap trén v6i nbeu. | Kh ction ede phuong phap do vé dia hinh phéi dva vao phu luc 1. 2.13, Dja vat dia hinh trén ban d® dia hinh phai thé hién theo cée quy dink hien han. 2.14, Ofc bah dB dia hink 0 phAi duge chink bien lai cho phit hyp vdi tinh trang hign tal cia dia vat va dia hink ngoai thuc ts. © nhtng khu vye cd sy bién ddi v8 dia vat va dia hinh lén hon 35% so vai ban dd cd, hofe & nhitng noi cong tac do vé trude day khong dip dng yéu chu iia cae tidy chun vA quy pham hién hanhTOWN 4419. 87 Trang 9/28 thl pha tién hinh do v6 lai. Khi chlnh bin bin d@ phai sd dung tai lieu do ve nhing thay d6t an xAy za, do v8 kiém tra va do v8 bing chup anh tit trén may bay. 2.18. Khi tron bin d® cin thiéu hote vé khong chink xéc (theo eée ban vé hodn céng) he théng ebng trinh kp thuat ngim thi pha tin hanh do ve bs sung, ndi dung gdm: = thu thp va phan tich thi lieu hin ed; + khAd st Khai quat d hien trudng: = do vé'mat bang, d0 cao ché cng trinh ngam 19 ra ngoai mat dA; «Khai dao cée cing trink kj thuat nghm (Ichi chn thié) va do ve ching @ nai khai dao; = didu tra cde cOng trinh ky thuat ngam-trong cdc giGng ve b6 dao; _ do vé va digu tra cc cong trinh ky thugt ngtm khong 19 ra ngoal mat dat bang cdc thiét bi cAm ang 2.16. Khi chon tuytn trhe dia cia cde cong trink xAy dung dang. toyén phai tién hinh theo trlnh tu sau: ~ ehon toyén 6 trong phing trén ed «tai Jiu trte die - ia hlnh dA ext cting nhu oAe tai Hage ehup anh tit may bay; = khdo eat khil quat huéng eda tuyEn é ngoai 181 eA chon tuyén Ae WO; - chon tuy€n elinh thie tei thie din; «do v8 dia hinh cin dai dge theo tuyén (hone do ¥é nhiing bién A6i da wty ra d6 chink bign ban ay; «do vé dia hinh cua nhing khu dat riéng biét (ch6 es dvéng vuot, eh6 dutmg gino nhaw vv.) = Chon méoé cée gée ngoat vA ese diém déng huémg ein tuy8n 2.17, DE phue vu ede cong thc khio sit din chit cbng trinh, Khao sat ki tuong thiy van va ec dong Khao sdt kiée pha ti6n han ebing the trée die UE dus tir bn vE ra thve din wh do n6i mat bing, dq cao céc cOng trinh tham dé (h6 khoan, 6 dao v.v...) cic diém do va diém quan tréc khée (dia vat ly, dia chat thoy van, thiy van, dia chét cOng triah v.v..1 8 vung phat trién che qué tinh vA hin tvong die chBt vAt I (edete truct 2, dong ¥0 bin vere); edng nhu 6 cdc vig dang thi cong ede cong trinb tham da phai tin hanh cong the quan trhe dac bgt bing ode phuong php trée dia vi Ki chn thigt hi fin hanh ck comg tc do we dae bite 2.18, Tay thude vto myc dich ei dung, ban J dia binh e6 thé duge thanh lap & deng bin Foe hose bn in. Trung hop chn thigt, trong phuong dn kp thust khao ant trie din con phat dy Kisn ch cong the thanh lgp ban dd dia bin ksi quat, 6161 : 25,000 dén 1 : 2.000, Kiki do ve khe dA nBin dbc lbp ef din tinh nhd, che bam dd ae 8 the ve hing bit ohh, mhuing phil duge sy th8a thuan cla cho dis tu v8.ca quan ofp Kity phep Kho ett. Tran che ban dB mdy duce phép ding chi dB gids thfch ec dia vat thay cho ij higu 2.19. Két qua kho sat trdc dja dia nh phat 1p thanh bac eo ky thuét (ban thoyét minh), dam bo you edu quy dinh 6 cae dido 1.27 vA 1.28, Ding thoi phi gino nép theo ding ning auy dish dina 1.29 cba tieu chudin nay. A. KHAO SAT DIA CHAT CONG RINH 3. 1. Gong tée ke ent din chat ching rin doe t56n hiinh BF nghien caw wh doh gif dt WmTrang 1929;TCVN, +4 dia.chat cotg tein oa viing (dia didm) xay dung (bao gm didu kien dia hinb, din mao, effu trée dia chat, thamh phn thach hoc, trang thal va ede tinh chat ca ly cin dit ds, ditu keen dia chat thay van, ce qué trlnh va hien tuong dia chat vat ly bat fol) nhAm ap duce ede giAi phap o6 co 50 vB kg thuat va hop ly vé kitih t& khi thiét ke va xdy dung nlla, cong trinh, Dong thai d& du bao su bign ddi didu kign lt cht cong trinh va dla chat thiy van kh xy dying v8 al dung nha, etng telah 3.2. Noi duing cia cong tac kis sit dia chat cong trink gm: ~ thu thap, phan tich vA téng hop nhing tai lieu vA 36 ieu vé didu kien thién nhian eda ving (dia diém) xay dung, ké cA nhOng (ai liu, 36 lieu da nghién cuu, tham dd va khdo sét trude day é ving (dia diém) do; + glai dod Anh chup tt may bay (ve tinh); - khdd edt khdi qudt dia chét cong telah & hign trvong; = do v6 dja chat cOng teinh; nighidn edu dia vt ys kkboan dao tham ad; + ldy mau dat, d4, nude dé thf nghi¢m trong phdng; - xtc dinh tinh chat co ly cla dat dé bang thi nghiém hién trudng; + phan tich thanh phn, tinh chat co ly cia dat dé va thanh phan hda hee cia née 4 trong phong thi nghiem; cong the th! nghi¢m thm; = quan trde lau da; = chink Iy tai ligu, lap bao cdo tdng ket cong tée'khao sat, 3.3. Mie do chi tist, noi dung va Khoi Iugng cia cong tée khdo st dja chat cong trinh diigo xfe inh trén og 08 xeti xét cong durig va loai nha, cong trlnh xay dung, gial doan thist ké, mite dg phite tap v8 ditu kith dla chat cong trinh ca ving (dia dim) xay dung, ed tinh den ket qua da nghien extu vB dla chat cbng trial! vA dja chat thay van 8 ving (din dim 46, 3.4. Cong tc khao s&t din cht cong trinh phat dge Hn hAnh theo giai doan, twang dng voi ede slai doan thigt ke ntib va cong trinh theo quy dinh hign hanh 8.5. Mite do phite tap v8 ditu kign dia chat cong telnh cia viing (dia diém) xay ding duoc phn ra lam 3 cp (don gin, trung binh vA phiéc tap) vA phy thude rao cde yéu t8 dia hinb, dia mao, cfu tric dia chitt, chi tidu co ly ca dét 4, ditu kien dia chat thity van, cée qua trink va hign tuong dia chat vat ly bat loi va dude xée dink theo phu Ivo 2 3.6. Yeu edu ky thuat ca cong tde Khao sat cia teu chudn nay, 3.7 Phang én kg thugt Khao adt dla chat cong trink phat bAo dam ede yau cht & ede dtu 1.9; 4.12) 1.13 va 1.14 oda tity chuda nay, ddng thbt phai bé sung nhting noi dung sau: + gi6i thigu Khai quat ve dae diém dia blnh - dja mao, cfu tric dia chat, diau kien dia ebat thiy van, o4¢ qud trinh va hign tong din chat vat ly bat lol; think phn, trang thai vA tinh chat eta dat da @ ving (dla diém) xay dung; chat cong tein duce Ip theo quy dinh é ditu 1.9 = lap Ivan v8 ty 18 do v8 dia chat cong trinh tuyén 10 trinh khdo sft va he théng ify mau dat dé va nude dudi d&t, cd tinh dén muc dd phic tap vé didu kign dia chat cOng trinh ciia ving (dia difm) xAy dung va logi nha cong trink thiet ke; ahiing l¥p luan v8 thoi hon va nhip d9 ign hanh cAe cong the UaeTON 4419 - 87 Trang 11/29 quan tric lau dai = cfc yeu chu dee bigt ve noi dung, khéi luang vA phuong phap tién hanh khdo sé 6 nei phat tein cde qué trinh vA hign tuong dia chit vat Iy bat loi (ofcto, trrat, dong dat, dong 1 bim da wv...) ‘dng mhut phAn b6 rong ri ef Joi dft ed thimh phn, trang thai va tinh chat dac biét (At hin wat, At truong nd, d&t than bin hda, dat musi héa, Al d8 phong héa tit da bazan viv.) B.8. Cong t&e thu thap, phAn Heh vi tng hop tA: liéu vA wé Hey vB difu kin thiém mbion da os cia ving (dia didim) xAy duing phai duce tin Wank d@ lap duige ede gid thit ve diéu kien dia chat cong trinh oie ving (dia diém) dé, d@ xée dink mite do phite tap cia diow kien dia chat cong trinh va phuong phap khio st Lip then; ding thoi d& xte dinh nOi dung cng thc cfin thiét, kh6i Iwong 16) wo vA phuong phap thi cong hop ly mhat. Khi thu thap tai igu c&n ché ¥ dén tai ligu dac trung cho sv phan b6, di8u kign thé nim va tinb chit co ly ca nhiing loai dst cc thanh phn trang thai vi tinh chat dae biet; tai lew dac trung cho sit xuflt bign va nguyén nhén phat trign eae qua erinh wa hig tugng dia chat. vat ly bat lot 8.9. Cong tac gidi doin Anh chup tir may bay (ve Linh) vA quan sAt tit may bay (néu od) thiiting duge thye hign truée iehi tién hAnh eAe dang cong tae khAo ant dia chat cong trinh khde. Ket qua dat 1y ding a€ Ip ea dB din chfit ofng trinh wa se dt phan khw din chAt céing, duge 1h mot trong nhiing tai trinh: 8.10. Kho edt khéi qual dia ebit cong trinh ngoai hign truding dicde lien anh dé: + dinh gid chat wong vA chinh xie hon nbimg tai lieu dar tung cho didi kign dia chat cong trinb eda ving (die diém) x8y dung dA thu thép dvge vi dé xée dink chinh xée e&e phucing An b6 trf dign tlch xay dung cong trinh vA tuyén b6 tel ene Ong trink ky thudt; tim higw ag bb ditw kien din ebéit cong. trinh cia exc phuong an b6 tri nha, eOng trinh vA tern Bt ce cong trink ky thuat; z thu thap ti ligu dé diinh gid sa bé ka nang phat trig Lu mhién cis cde qua trinh din chAt vat Iy vA sif bin d6i cia moi trudng dia chat xung quanh dudi tic dong cia vige xAy dung vi att dung nha vk cong trinh. 3.11. Cong tée khao sat khAi quat dia chit ching trinh chi yéu nhAm queen sit vA m6 tA ode YAU cia ditu kin din chat cong trinh doe theo Ki trinh khAo sat. ‘Thong thuting sit dung vél 19 tet mbien va 6 don sack, D6i khi sit dung phuong phép tham do nhanh vi don gifin hodc ify mau dac trang, Phem vi (din tich) tién hamb khAo sAt Khai quai dia chit c6ng trinh duce xée dink dun vao pham vi (dign tich) chn nghién cttu, Khao sat; od xét dén vi tri cla che yeu LS dia ly ty nhién cho yéu (cfc ranh gidi ty mhién) va sv chn thist phai tim hidu nghién ciim che y8u tty nhién vA nhan tae why nh hudng t6i sy thanh tao vA phat trién ede qua trinh dia chAt vat ly cila viing (din dim) xay dung. 3.12. Cong tae do vé din cht cong trinh duae thu hign dé nghion citu vA dénh gid tng hon dibu ign dia chat cong trink cia ving (dia diém) xty dung. Khi xée dinh pham vi tién hanh do ve din chat efng trinh @ cae ty 16 Khe nhaw, cAn can ett vho su chn thiét phai phat hien vi nghién ectu cae yeu 16 ca mol truting thién nhien c6 Anh budng quyét dinh d€n ditu kien xty dyng nha, cong tinh A nghibn evu cae giti ph4p quy hoach Ieh6i efia nha wh cong trinh xAy dung. 8.18, Noi dung eda ching tée do ve din chAt cing trinh bao gdm -kigm tra két qua gids dodn Anh chop tit my bay @ ng these tie wh quay eat Gems: haw Ong dugeh:‘Trang 12/29 TGYN 4419-87 < quan sat vA mo ta ene ya t0 ciba diy kien dia chal vong trinh co then Io trinh khito sat; = quan sAt nha va cong trink da bi bin dang: - khoan, dao thani di; + Mfy mau dat, da, nude d# phan teh J trong pbing thi nghieon; thm 46 dia vat ly; = thi nghigm hign trung; = 6 chide quan tréc Iai dai Cha thich; Trong khi tién hah do va dja chat cong trinh, cing nhu kbAo sat khAi quat ngoal Ihign trudng, cOng Mie khoan Ao tham dd, tham dd dia wat ly, thf nghiém bien truing U6 chite quan trAc lau dai thuzing chl thye hian trong nhiing ving (dla diém) 6 dibu Kign thién nhién phifc tap vai khoi Iuong han ché va bing cic phuang php nhanh véi thigt bl gon nhe. 3. 14, Nguyen the chon huéng cia cc 10 trink Khdo sét trong dé v8 dia chat cong trinh (cong ing nhu kbi khio sat Khai quat dia chat edng trlah) phal dia vito cfc tai fleu da thu thap duge. Néi chung hudng cia cfc 19 trlnh thudng phai thang gée vti ranh gla cf cau tric din chat va dan nguyen 4a mao va dge thao edo song suéi, heae men theo cke ranh gidi d. 3.15. trong qua trinh do ve dja chat cong trinh 6 ving phan b6 rong ral nhiing Joal dat eé thank phinn, trang thai va tinh chat dao biét (lun wot, truang nd, mudi héa, than bin héa, dat dé phong héa eda bazan...) phat xte dinh: - dc diém ve thanh phn, tinh chat va trang thai eiia chang; + tinh chat dae biét cila dat gay Khd khan, phe tap cho cong tke xdy dyng nha va cOng tela - quy luat hinh thanh va bign di tinh chat dat theo khong gian va thai gin; = ay phan b6 ede lop dat nghién odu va su triing khdp oda nd val cée dun nguydn dja mao hose dang dja hinh nhat djnh; =dldu kign thé ndm va quan hg eda nhing lop dkt nay v6i oie lop dt khde vA wi nude dub dats = kha ning phan chia ede loot dat e6 thanh nhing dan nguyén dia chat cong trinh riéng bigt vA dao trung ela ching, 8.16. Khi tin hank do vé dia chat cong triab & viing phat tin ofc qué trinh va hin tung dia chat vat ly bat lol (cdcto, trust 16, dong 10 bimn dé, dong dat vv...) hoge chi anh hudng cha cfc cong trinh da xay dung, phai x4c dink: = vj trl xudt hien ede qué trinh va hien tugng dia chat vat ly va déi (theo chidu sau) phat trién ranb ligt ede qua trink Ay, ké cA sy bien dang nha va cong trink; = mite do tring khop eta ede hign tugng dia chét vat ly véi cfc yau 1S dia mao, dang dia hinb vA Jogi dat da (xét ve thanh phitn thach hee) nha dink; = ditu kign va nguyn nhin phat sinh ode qua trinh va hin twang dia chat vat ly; - dang xudt hign va sy phat trign eda chang; + quy fuat xu hign (tinh chu ij va tinh gia’ doan) va dong lye phat triéns ~ née dinh dia didm edn tham dd va quan tréc Iau dai : 17. Cong tée tham dd dia vt ly duge sit dung trang Khao sat dia chAt cong trink nhAm muc dich: -116-TOVN 4419 - 87 Trang 19/28 = xée dinh mat c&t dia chat; « phét hign va theo dai tinh khong ding ahst ve ecu trie cla dAt da thank phn. trang thal, chitu day va thé nam oJa chang: - xe dinh cdc chi tidy tinh chat cia dat d4: = xéc dinh céc dae tung dua chat thiy van cus dét dé (diBu kien thé nim, hung va t6e do van dong cia nude dudi dat); - Cungetip tai lieu d@ xde dink hop ly vi tri, chi af cfg trinb tham dé wh thi nphiom Khi chon phitang phap (hoge t6 hop eae phirung phan! tham dé din vat ly pha dya vio nhiem va khAo sat va duige x4e dinh theo phu yc 3. 9.18. Kh Khao sdt dia chét cong trinh phai khoan dao chc cong trinh tham db dé: « chinh xée héa mat oft die ch&t 6 trong dai twang tac; = Phan chia d&t dé cia nén cbng trinh thanb nbiing don nguyén dia chal. cong trinh riéng bist; «= phat hien dat gay kign tao, rai nit né, encte. _ TRBHIGn equ dibw kin dia cht thiy van: mye nude, hubng, t6e 40 va quan he thiy Ie cia muse audi dat va nude mat; * stay mu dt dé va mau nuéc duéi dat df nghion cxtu trong phong thi nghigm; « tin hanh nghién edu céc tinh chit ed WY eda Ai dA bAng ee phuong phap thi nghiem hién trudngs tin hanh thi nghidm théim & ngodl trbl hdc thi nghiém gla eG nBn cong trinh: ign hanb cbng tée quan trAc Iau AAs 8.19. Khi tham dd kkioan, dao, vier lim chen loni cong txnh tham dé va phuong php khoan phat ya vao myc dich khoan, dao. didu kign dia chat cong trinh vA ditu kién die chat thdy van cia viing (dia dig) xay dung va duge xée dinh theo phu luc 4 va phy Ive 5. 8.20, Tay thude vac giai doan khdo sat. vA thigt ké nguyén téc bd tri cong trink khoan, dao phat khéc nhaw. © giai doan khao sat dé chon dia dia diém xay dung hoac khao sét dé phyc vy cho luan ching kinh té kj thudt, céc I khoan h6 dio thuting duge bé trl thanh tuyén thing gée véi efc don nguyén dja mao, vi dung phuang cdc lép dat dé. Cac cong trinh tham dé thuding duce b6 tel day hon a nbiing noi gop nhav cia céc dan nguyen dia mao, nai cé eff tric dia chat phite tap (thanh phn thach hoe thay déi dot ngot, dt gay v.v.v.) DOi vGi chng trinh dang tuyén, ec cong trinh tham dd phai 6 trl doc theo tuyén, clin cha y bé tri ahféu cOng trinh tham db 4 nol tuyén val qua sbng, subi hose tuydin et qua duit gay kin tao. cong trinh tham dd phaj bé trf then cde true ks, ching ahu tuyén cong trink da chon an dibu kign din chat m) xfiy dung, eAp loai cong trink, kfoh thués mat bang aba, cong trink, © giai doan thiet ké ky thuat va ban ve thi cong. chinh efia méng hay theo chu vi eda nha va cong trinh th 86 luong ebng trinh tham dd duge xée dink ty thude vie mie dé phite tap, cong trinh trong vig (dja ai chitu dai tuyén c6ng (rin va tinh mhay cim vii sulin khing déu ctia dAt nen 4.21. Chibu stu ofc cong trinh than da dura xfe dink phu thube waa pham vi eita dat Cuomg th {€6i the dung qua lai gia nén nha vi cOng trinh v6) mobi truing dia chit xung quan? Khi nha va cong teinh h6 tri d/noi pha (rin qué trink fe ebng trinh tham 0 phai duce khoan vao sav hon doi phat trién manh ligt eda nhOng qua trinh vA Ign tuong fy {nha Ih Bm. i higm twang din chat vat Ay hat Igi tht‘Trang 14/29 TOVN 4419. 87 Khi nha va cong trinh xay dyng b9 tri d noi phan bé dit on thanh phim trang thai vA tinh chat Age bigt (him, eat chay, trucng nd, Kin wt, must hea, dat, dat d8 phong hia tit bazan), thl e&e cOng tinh tham 48 phal duce khonn do hét chidu day oa nhiing lap dit 4y, trong traung hop lap dat ny 06 chidu day qué Ion thl phai khonn dao dén dO su mA sv esé mat edn che lai dat die bist cing khong gay Anh hudng xdu téi sy Sn dink cia nha va cong trinh xAy dung. Cha Uiieh! DA: tong the phu thuse vhd cdng dung, loa, kleh thie, tAi trong, de dig két ctu oiia cong trink va mife d8 phde tap cita dif kim dia chit cong trinh 3.22. Trong qué telah do va dia chat cong trlnh va khoan do tham dd phAl tién hanh cong tAc ldy mdu dat dé va mau nude dé thf nghiém trong phdng., O gini doan klhéo sat dé chon dia diém xay dung, hoBe phye vu cho lap luan ching kinh & ky thual, mdu dat da va mau nude duge lay (tit cong, trlnh khai dio vi vét Ig. ty nhign), dé xée dink than’ pbin thack hoe, dnh gia s¢ bo khé nang su dung ching lam nén cong tinh va phat hidn quy ludt eo ban v8 ay Sign d6i khong gian ese tinh ehAt co ly cia dAt, 44 va ose tinh chit vat ly, héa hoe eta nutic, Do dd phai lay mu dt dé ott c& ca lap od thanb phn thech hoc khée nhay vk mau nude d ofe Yang chita nude da phat bien. ‘Trong giai doan khdo sat dé phuc vy cho thigt KEK) thudt vA lap ban v6 thi cong, vige My mau dt dé duoc Lién hanh wham xde dink gid trj tidu chush, gi# tri tinh todn che chl tou oo ly ota dat, dA ‘hit hop vai so dd tinh toan cdng trinh va nBn eda ching. Vi vay hn tidn hanh: - ldy mu dat da 6 tat c& cde don nguyen dia chat cng trinh dA phan chia sa bo; + phan nhdm va tng hop cfc ket qua xe dinh tinh chat cia dat, i; = phan chia chinh thie ede don nguyen dia chat cong tinh: - Unh tri tiéw chudn va tri tinh ton eda cde chl tieu tinh chitt cho timg don nguyen dia chat cong trinh da phan chia. 8.29. Cong tac thi nghiém trong phdng va ngodi hign trvting nhAm xAo dink ede chi teu tinh chat co ly cla dat dé. Khi tim hank thi nghiém phai xét dén loal ditt d& vA diau kign lam viee cba chuing @ trong dét tuong tie cia nha vA cong trinh xAy dung voi moi truding dia chat xung quanh, Khi chon phuong phap thi nghiem fe cbl tiéu tinh chat oo Iy cia dat da 4 ngoai hign trudng va trong phong c&n dya vao loai dat dé (thank phn) trang thi, tinh chét cia chting, didu kien dia chat thay van, chidu su en thi nghiém va muc dich nghién citu. Dae bigt etm chil ¥ 26 &d thi nghiém pha phit hgp vél sg d0 lam vite cia nén, dng thdi phai dam hao yeu cau ein ede tieu chusin va quy pham hign hanh. 3.24, Khi khdo sat dia chat cong trinh phai stt dung rong rAi cae phuong php thi nghigm dat da 4 ngoai hign trung nha chink xéc héa ranh gidi eva cée don nguyen dia chat cOng trinh da phan chia (theo tAi liéu khoan dao va tham d® dia vat ly) vi dé xe dinh cfc chl tiéu v8 trang thal, tinh chat (do ban, bién dang vA thém) cia dat dé nn 4 thé nAm ty mhién; eting nhu déi vat dat dé khong thé tign Ranh lay mau va xAc dinh chinh ede ofc tinh ebAt cia nd A trong phing tht nghiém Cée phuang php thi nghiem ngoni hie teutng chit you cha duge xt dung 1a xuyen dong, xuyAn tinh, nén ngang, nén tai trong tinh c&t trong h6 do, nép sAp, dy ngang, oft quay va thi nghigm thiim duge xe dinhi thyo phu luc 6 3.25, Cong tée thi nghiém trong phong duce tién hAnh dé xéc dink cde chi tiéu oo ly cita dat. dé va thanh phitn hda hoe ciia ntiée dui dat. tay theo giai doan khao sat - thigt ké. mye dich thf nghiem 6 thé xée dinh cae chi tits phan loai hose céc chi ké cong trinh. cAe cchl tidy eg ly etia mi loai dat, da chin thf nghiém duoc quy dinh 6 phy luc 7. u phuc vu cho tinh tran t 3.26. Khi khéo sat dia chat cong trinh phai tin hAnh cong téc nghién eu dia chat thay van dé IRSTOVN 4419 - 87 Trang 15/29 chi ti@t ha va dy dogn Kehé nang bién di ditu kién dia chAt thiiy van trong qué trinh xAy dung vA ett ung nha, cong trinh; k6 ca viée dy dodn kha nang phat sinh bin, ngop tanh thé, gay nhibma bain v® Them thay déi thanh phan hoa hoe cds nude dual dA Phuong php nghién edu din chét thy van sit dung trong khéo aft din ehst cong trinh duce xée inh theo phy Ive 8. 3.27. Khi tién hank khao sét die chal cong trink phai thue hign cong Ae quan trfc Iau dat dong Ie phét trién.cia cfc qué trinh vA hien tung dia chat vat ly. déng that myc nuée va thanh phan hda hoe eda nuée dui dat. Khi ekn thi cong trinh va khi xy dung, sit dung nba va cbng trinh 3.28, Ket qua khao sit dia ch&t cong trink phai duce chinh ly, téng hep thanh béo cho ks thuat, dam bao you chu néu d eée digu 1.27 vA 1.28; dong thai phai giao nop theo quy dinh 6 dibu 1.29 cba ti¢u chudin nay. ‘Prong béo eto kp thudt khio sét dia chét cong trink phai dnb gi ting hop didu kien dia chit cong trinb eda ving (din diém) xAy dung: phan ving die chi cong trink theo mie do thich hap cho xty dung; neu len day di nhiing dac trung din chAt cOng trinh ea che 1ép AAt dA nlm trong dai tong the; ddng thd! phAi dy doan kha nang bien di v8 trang théi va tinh chAt oun dat 44, didw kign din chet thiy van, ey phét trién cba cdc qui tzinh dia cht vat ly 8 trong ving (din dim) xAy dung trong qua trinb xy dung va si dung nha, cong trinh; JB xust cdc gil phap xi hy nbn méng cOng trinb va nhien |, cOng tae quan trée Ii Hai phai ditoc tien hanh A trong qué trinh do v8 dia chit vy khdo sét dia chat cong trinh & giai doan tiép thee. 3.29, Khi két thiic cng tée khao sét dia chdi cong trinh, néu cong tac quan trdc lau dai c&n tye thi co quan khao sét phai l4p bién ban bin gino cho cho di tu d€ tin hAnh quan tréc tip. isp 5.80. Tat cA eée cong trlnh khoan dho trong qué trinh khao sAt dia chat cong trinh khong phat huyén glao cho chi diu ty 36 tip twe cong tae quan tréc liu dai, thi eau khi JB hon thank mat ede dc thi nghitm vA quan trAc, eo quan Khao sat phai san lap, dim chBt ofn than then ding que dinh hign hamh, 4, RHAO SAT RHE TUONG THUY VAN 4.1. Cong téc khao sat khi tuong thay van due tién hanh dé ngbidn cia didu kién khf tong thay van ode ving (dja diém) xty dung va thu thop nhitng tai Tu, w6 Hg ohn thist ve thiy van s6nR. bién va Kal hou phye vu cho thift ke nha va cong trink: dng thoi dé dah gid KhA nang bién ai abo kien Kb tugng thiy van ein viing (din diém) xhy dung dui tte dong cis vike x4y dung, sti dung nha va cong trinh 4.2. Noi dung cia cong tac Khao sét khi trong thay van gdm «thu thep, phan tich vi tng hop nhing 6 ligu dh 6 vB dtu ign thiiy van wl kf tong ee ving (dia dim) xay dung: ~ Khao sat khai quat ngoa! hien & - quan tre thiy van va khi twong, «- thye hién ede cong te ve do dac thily vit: « xéc dinh ede thong 66 tinh tosm can thi6t cho thie ké Chi thich: Khi tai ki6u va sé liéw vé khi reg ef Lily eftn ecia ving Gain diém) xhy dune AA es 19‘Trang 16/29 TCVN 4419 - 87 bieang di phong pho va chat lwong tlm bao, thi duige phép chl ein Aim hAnh cdng. tae thu thap tng hgp tAi Hidu hign es vA khile wAt khai quét ngodi hign truding viang (aja didm) xay dung nhung phai thuyst minh r6 trong phuong n ky thuat khAo sit khf tuong thay van, 4.3. Cong tae khao sat Ichi tugng thay van on phal diige tin hainh bang edch phan tich vA xtt ly tai ligu qua trde nhidu nam eta Téng cye khi tugng thiy van vA tai ligu quan trée trong thot ginn ngdn do cde ed quan khio sat;skhdo sat - thist k6 4 Trung wong va dia phuang thuc hién, cd Hnh dén mang adi cdc tram, dai quan tre va noi dung, Kd Iveing quan trde 3 nhitng tram dai ds. Khi xde dinh su cin bang nude cia viing (din didn) xy dung phai si dung tai lieu quan trae dong thai nude dudi dat a ede tram quan trde law AAai va dia chat thidy van. 4.4. Khi chon vi trf dat tram quan trde ud wie dinh dibu kg khi tugng thoy vAn ota viing (dia 4iém) xay dung phai tién hank phan tich tinh tidu biéu cia nhimg vi tel nay di vét méi yéu t6 cin quan tréc, dé Iva chon duge vi trl phan Anh dting dfn nhét didu kign kh tugng thiy van eba ving (in idm) xay dung. : Dua vao ket qua khao sat khi:twong thay van da thyc bien 6 ving (dia diém) xay dying, tien hanb dénh gié mic do tiew biéu (dai didn) cia abing tram dai dang hoat dong vA khi cn thist phat ign nghl v6i Téng cue Khl tugng thoy van quan trfe tigp tue hose bé trl Iai mang luéi tram, dai quan tnfe 06 dinh v8 chuyan'disng 4.8. Ki tién hanh quan tréc edc yéu t6 Khf tuong vA thily van chink o6 trong danh mye quan trde 6 of tram, dal cia Thng cue Khl Luang thiy van phAi thue hign nghiém chinh yeu cu ky thuat do ‘Teng eye Khi tugng thiy van quy dink. Phai dac bist cha y phat hign ede eve trl cia efe dee trving kh tung thay vAn (mule nude ova song, bign va hd, Ivu Ivong song subi; ede thong sé gid, mva v.v..) trong thal gian dai nha Chit tilch: Trong mot 66 trutmg hep duge phép thay di noi dung, Khoi lwong vA thai gian quan trhe voi dieu kign git! nguytn phuong phap thuc higa da quy dink, nhung phai Chuyat minh 6 trong pang an kj thudt khéo sat 4.6. Nhang thdng s6 kh! tuamg va thiy van chi you chin phal dige quan trée ian tue, ké oA trong. thoi gian thigt ke nhA va cang trinh. Thai gian kéo dhl vA nhjp dB qian trée ede yéu ES khi twang thay van ¢ trong thdi ky xudt hign evic eve tx} (10, lut, mye ntide song, ign len xudng ddt bigm v.¥...) phil duge xéc dinh lam sao dé ed thé quan trée duige cA cue tri vA pha (nhip) bién di (len xudng) cic ai tr] cia yéu 6 can quan tre 4.7. Khi clin thigt phai bé sung vao noi dung kisfo sft khf twang thity van c&c cbng te sau: + khdo sé ede tring thu nude nhé ma tit di cd thé phat sinh dong ld bin 4 hoac gay 16 nil; xe dinh te do cuc dai vA huding gid & do caa trén 1m: < nghidn citu ede qué trinh tAi tao bd va long cn sang hd; quan trdc thiy vin 6 ving cla song, bao gdm ed vide nghién cu Anh hudng cia thiy tritu ti dong thdi eda song (dong thai muc nude song, thanh phan hda hoc aude vv. nghién eau tf ml déng thai song v8 mia Io; nghidn ety tinh chat an mon cia nude; cc yu 16 cia sdng vA ddng chay 6 ving sutin dée vA phan ven bd bi ngap dudi nite + nghién og (6 d6t nude sau tdi d6i s6ng x0); e -nghién citu dla hinh va dong lye erin dé gn bir va i eting abu su van chayén cia phi sa; 120-TCVN 4419 - 87 Trang 17/29 _ nghien ctu sy bign d6i nhiét do nude theo din va theo chibu sau a ving ven bd (néu edn) v6i cong telah xBy dung & nhiing ving co dite kin thién nbién rét phitc tap. tht khi én hints nghién edt the, nghigm (ding mo hinh vat Ly Rieng d Ikhdo a6 khf tong thay van phai 4.8, Prudng hop e&n thiGt (noi es din hinh bi chia eA, phn van beetle ea ving her hd vA ba bin Jon:..) phai tin hanh nghién edu dibu kin vi khi hav ova ting pham él dén s6 ligu quan tréc cia cac tram, dai hign dang hont dong vA ede tai li6u quan trée dae biet duce tin anh 8 nbiing vj trf dtc trung aba K «dc dinh vj tel ea ludng gid nong, lanh va d6 chifw sang ota bile xa mat trbi trye tip cho tins rieng trong ving xAy dung. e< én hanh efic quan trée dae biet phAi thye hien nhitng cong tae saw phom vi rieng bigt; - nghien edu gié din phwtong va Bin audi etn ede hign tiiong khi quyén khAc nav 4.9. Néo cn dan gid kha nding bifn déi mi truzmg thibn nhién dudi t&e dong cia viee xay dung va ir dung mha va cOng trinh thl trong qué trinh tién hanb eéing tie kha sét khi tong thoy van phai b6 sung ahitng cong tac sau: thu thap 86 liou vB ese ngudn dang ghy nhibim ban khl quyen v8 thay quyé'n; « thy thap 86 lieu vB dieu kién vé sinh phdng ben: = Quan tréc su bién d6i 46 nhim bin cin kai quyén vA thiy quyén vao nhiing that ky dae tring. bang cfich lay mau khong kh{ va lay miu nvée; tise hank phan tich todn phan thanh pbRn hoa hoc va vi trng ela nhing mAu My duoc: = quan tréc cfc ludng khong khi & d¢ cno ed ede ngutn dang thai hose sé thai ra eka chat gay inhi bin khong khf; = quan trée dong chay. muc nude, tuu lugng eding nhu su bién di ve thanh phn hda hoc va vi tring ein nléc trong cdc thiti kj (pha! khae nhau cia dong thai thiy van & noi ed thai ra efe chat pay him b&n; = quan trie ode y6u t6 khée cia didu kign kal tuong thiy van o6 thé bj bién déi khi xay dung vA sii dung nha, cong trinh (ev tdi tao ba abng, hb vA bin: ey bin ddi ca cée qué timh tao Tons. cfm Dang nube, trao dé! noe vv...) Déi voi ede dae trung trén phAi xAc dinh cAe eve tri ain ching (m6u es thé) 4.10, Ket qua kthdo sit khi twtong thiy van phai lgp thanh béo edo kp thivat (ket Luan. ban thuyét minh), dim bio yéu chu quy dinh é ede dieu 1.27, vA 1.28: ding thai phAi gino nop theo ding nhong guy dinh 4 did 1,28 eba tlew chudin nay‘Trang 18/29 TCVN 4419-87 pay Lye t CAC PHUONG PHAP DO VE DIA HINH VA DIEU KIEN SU DUNG Dac diém| Phuong phap do ve | Ty Ie dove ‘ign sit dung ving do vf Chua xty }Chop anh | Lap thé [1 : 10.000 dén {6 hang ving rong e6 nhang dang dia hinh ton va dung |titméy bay! 42.000 © nhitng ving vad nhiing tuyén 66 chidu dai idm Phdi hop | 1 10.000 dén | © nhitng ving rong e6 dia hiah bing phing hode 12.000 © ving riing va @ nhitng tvy6n 6 chibu dai Ibn Tren mat | Ban doc | 1: 10.000 dén — | nbitag noi c6 sit dung phone phap do ve bang ist ts 1.000 cchup sink tir may hay Toan dac} 1 5.000 den © hang inyén va nhiing ving 66 dien tich nhd. abiing 11.000 ving eo dit ign hi wong phite rap | Kinhvi | 1: 10.000 déa O nhing vine ddi hose nai chup éah| 1; 1000 Daxay [Chup ann | Lapse | 1:5.000den |b nang kha wwe hep es nha mot ting hoge mhidu ung |eirmay ba 1: 300. ‘hag nam phan tin | axay [ehup anh | phdi hop | 1 : 5.000 uén 6 hong khu vue rOng 66 nhitu ahd cao tang, conhibe i sung tit may bay 13500 cong tinh agim. hose dia hind da san bang, Ban dae | 1:5.000aén | O ikbnh ph, thi xf wt thi tin (500 Todn dac| 1: 5.000 dén © nhiing tuyén, khu vue hep, va viing 6 dite 1: S00 ai tong pide top Tren mat | Dove | 1:2.000G6n | O nhitay kh vuc‘ed nhd eno Hang hose nla xay day ast mat bang] 1 : 500 ac vada ve | ites — mar ett | U:200 6 ahing Khu dat rieng biee e6a cA xi nghigp ding (do cong nghiep vt ding ph6 68 mang IM6i cong triah c20) ng thy dae (nw O noi e6 ahidu dine phd giao haw, noi 66 didng vu.) Chit thich: O nbitng ving chia xy dung od didn kidn dia chAt cAng trinh va din mao phic tap duac phép do ve hin dd dia hink ty 1 1 : 500 cho giat dann lap ban ve thi cong, nung phai e6 Luan obiing day ditTOWN 4419 - 87 Trang 1929 puy Luc? BANG PHAN CAP MUC DO PEILIC TAP CIA DIEU RIEN DIA CHAT CONG TRINH. Tite do ph tay a iba Ri dn cha Chap ah va da Tang a Chong Yeu ts 7 WT m (don gian) (acang bin) (pie tap) Die hink | Vang (dia diém, tuyén)xay | Wing (dia diém, tuyén) xay | Ving (din diém, tuy6n) xtv Jain mao | dung nam trong pham vi mot [dung nam trong pham vi mor s6 | dung mAm trong pham vi mot don ngoyén dia mao, Dia hinh [don nguyen dia mao, ca chung |s6 don ngnyen dia mao. &6 bing phang hose hoi dc. mor npudn gc hinb thaw Mat | ngubn e6e hin thnb kha ong bi chin ft id hink mphieng, chin c6t it | hav. Mat di inh gd gho.. chia cht man, Cho tric dia] C6 khong qué 2 6p 441.64 [Co Khong qui 4 top das as Ch hon 4 Idip dat dé Kase chat (trong [hac nhau vé think phan [khée nhaw 8 thkah phan thach | nhaw v8 thanh phn thech hoe d8i tong | thach hoe. Lép dat dé nam |hoc. Cac lip dé d& adm ngang | hoae c6 lip dt dae biet ve the) gang hoac hoi dée (46 d6e |nghieng hobe vat ahon. Chita | think phdn va tinh chat. hong qué 10°). Chitu day féiy cin cfc Hip dt dé thay | Che lp dat nh ngane,nghiene cia Kép 6m dink 46; mot céch co quy Lunt hoae vét nhon. Chidu day cia Lop d&t dé thay di manh ligt 66 khi 6 dang thé kinh: “Tinh chét cd] 6 trong pharm vi mot op dit {O trong pham vi mac ip d&t—[O twong pham vi mot top dat Ip cia d8i dal 64, céc obi tien co lyeda [da chc eh itu co ly cite a, che chi tiew ca IY ea ching thay d6i it. EhOng cf fehung thay dé mor each e& | ching thay di man Lies ‘guy Wal theo chidu ngang [guy 1vat theo dign va theo | quy Jut hode Khong e6 guy a theo chibw sau. ehitw su Tat theo dign «3 theo chiew sav. Diaché [Khong e6 nude ngdm. hot [Nudie nghm nlm none, nhuag | Nude phim va me Ap Ite thiyvin Joo ng.ehia nude ngim — | ong thai it en di, doi nai | nhm néng hoe U8 1H trem mal hunpindm shu va ch dae |gap mde ef ap: aude khong e6 | dt. Dong thai bién ai man rung dia cht shiy van |tiah chat An mdm hose an min | Nude ef tinh chat An mon be {amg 65 6n dink ew song vk kim foal Céequé [Khong co iv pap Thun avyen gap tink va ign wong ia chi va Ij b&t Noi } Chi thieh: Me d6 phitc tap cin ditu kitn dia chat céng teinh ving (din diém) xay dung pha x6t chung cho tat cA ofc yar 4) nau 6 pu tue 2 Néu mbt yu U0 no d6 ed me do phite tap nhAt vA ex's nghin quyét din ede giAt phép xy dung nba va ebng trinb thi mUe do phile tap cin di@u kien dia chat cng trinh ving (dja diém) xay dung phat dutac xAc dinh theo y6u 16 Ay. Tite dé phai Ikhao sat ein thiet dé dam bao am tang thém hohe b sung kh6i Iwang cong ta sing Ld Anh huding ota chiing (éi nha va cong trinh thist ke‘Trang 20/29 TCVN 4419 - 87 PHU Lo, “CAC PHUONG PHAP THAM DO DIA VAT LY DUOC Sti DUNG KHAO SAT" DIA CHAT CONG TRINIT Nhigm vy khio sat top ede phitong php chi yeu Nghien edu cfu tric cia khéi dAt dé (phan chia mt edt dia chét, xée dink mat dia hinh cia tang 4 g6e, xfc diah chide dy lop v6 phong 6a...) va xde dink vj iri myc auéc ngam. Do stu dign (+), do mat ef! dign, phuang phép tong quan song khae x9, phuoing php sng khic xa Xtc 6 va theo d0i d6i ph hay kién tao va i né, phong hoa Da mat edt diga theo wie so d® khie nhau, do st bing phusing phip hai thioh pita, carota tieu chu phuang phip chin Am, do vé xa Khi Phat hign va khoanh dink céc hang dong ty hie va nhan tao Do mat cht dign (cho yéu-s0 dd kh tit trung ‘4 phwong phap fai thank phn) do sa phyong phip hai th ign bing bh phtin, carota tien ehudn, phuing php do ign ted. ‘Xée dink hudng va {6c do dong chdy, vi thodt ota nlde dudi dat Xe djnh tinh chit co IY cia dt 06 Phuong php nap die, phuong php do dien mo, phuong phap fuy gag, Phuong phiip Am dia chdn (Irén mat 41 va trong ede carota sic cong trigh thar dh), 1m. phiiong pap «ddng vi phong xa (gam = gama carota , notron - notroncarota) ze dinh hoat (ink gam mon cia dSt va cudng Do st dign. do stu dign theo phaong phép phn eve dng cia dong tin man kieh tie. do mal eft din, phwong php den iudng Iu ahi, ~ - -————| Phan ving dia chin 1a thd Phaoag hy Am dn ein. phitong php dng w pong xa, phtong php dia chin (ghi ede trae dong o4t whi vida chia vive) (4) Chi nén sit dung do stu dign véi thiét bi d6t xing néu rank gidi én dinh theo phuong trai va gée nghiong cia lap so vi mat dat. Khong qua 10°. Nhung truiing, hop cbn fai nén si! dung do shu din hing phutang phap hat thank phn v6i thiet i dign eve hone 2 eye dbl xing, 4 12h